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1、Rational Cloze The part of speech and changes of the words School:Dongxia Middle School Class:Class 3,Senior 3Lecturer:Lu Xiaoni Warming-up：Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given words.l1.(2007广东，广东，38)We drank together and talked _(merry)till far into the night.l2.(2008广东，广东，39)This p
2、roverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.l3.(2008华附，华附，40)The company is now using new _(technical)and soon they hope to produce cloned dogs as well as cats.l4.(2009汕头一模，汕头一模，40)In a very real sense,each of us as human beings have been given an invisible golden box filled w
3、ith _(condition)love and kisses from our children,family,friends and God.merrilynaturaltechnologyunconditional When a word is given in the Rational Cloze,you should first carry out:Task 1:To figure out what part of speech is needed.（定词类）（定词类）Task 2:To make sure of a correct derivation or changes of
4、the given word.(词形变换词形变换)l1.noun(n.)l2.adjective(adj.)l3.adverb(adv.)l4.a negative prefix or suffix of the words (前缀）前缀）（后缀）（后缀）Task 1:To figure out what part of speech is needed.（定词类）（定词类）Fan Zhongyan was a famous statesman and scholar about 950 years ago in the Song Dynasty.He was _1_(honesty)and
5、upright.He dared to act and to assume _2_(responsible)for what he did.When he dealt with state affairs,he _3_(resolute)carried out what he thought right.He paid attention to examining subordinates(下属下属).When he found anyone _4_(competent),he wrote off his name from the officials name list,and put on
6、 the alternate officials name.adj.n.adv.negativehonestresponsibilityresolutely incompetentTask 2:To make sure of a correct derivation or change of the given word.(词形变换词形变换)With time going by,regional water _(short)will become more severe.shortageAt first,lack of money and experience made them go thr
7、ough much _(hard)._(congratulate)!You have done so well in the game.I find that _(creative)can act as a way to increase _(participate)and improve _(fluent).hardshipCongratulations creativityparticipationfluency1.Noun(1)名词的位置与功用：名词的位置与功用：1.形容词性物主代词之后形容词性物主代词之后 e.g.his/their _2.冠词之后，介词之前冠词之后，介词之前 e.g.
8、the/a _ of3.充当句子的主语、宾语充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等；、表语、定语、补语等；(2)学生易错易混点总结学生易错易混点总结:1.动词变名词的不规则变形动词变名词的不规则变形v.n.explain explanation describe description pronounce pronunciation assume assumption 2.应对名词考查时，要注意单复数的变化和不可数名词应对名词考查时，要注意单复数的变化和不可数名词Can you find out the adj.in the following sentences?The lecture w
9、as absolutely boring.The Chinese people are very friendly to foreigners.There is nothing special.She knows how to make life miserable for her employees.It is a dangerous aggressive dog.l2.Adj._ _1.名词之前，复合不定代词之后，作定语；名词之前，复合不定代词之后，作定语；2.系动词之后系动词之后 e.g.be、become、get、feel,etc.作表语；作表语；3.副词之后；副词之后；4.宾语补足语
10、。宾语补足语。形容词的位置及功用：形容词的位置及功用：(1)副词的位置与功用：副词的位置与功用：Correct mistakes if there is any in the sentences.1.Unluckly,I failed in the exam.2.Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is truely rich.3.Small businesses have been hit hardly by the recession(经济衰退经济衰退).l3.Adv.在句中做状语，可以修饰在句中做状语
11、，可以修饰v.、adj.、adv.，还，还可以单独放在句首用于修饰整个句子，但不可可以单独放在句首用于修饰整个句子，但不可修饰修饰n._(Unluckily)_truly_hard(2)学生易错易混点总结：学生易错易混点总结：若给出的词根是动词或名词，而该空需要填的是副若给出的词根是动词或名词，而该空需要填的是副词，很多同学习惯性地加上词，很多同学习惯性地加上ly,应记住：应记住：副词来自副词来自形容词形容词，所以，应，所以，应先将所给的动词或名词变成相对先将所给的动词或名词变成相对应的形容词，然后再加应的形容词，然后再加ly。以以“e”结尾的形容词加结尾的形容词加“ly”时，时，“e”的去留
12、问的去留问题。题。副词不一定以副词不一定以“ly”结尾。结尾。如：如：He jumped high.It is a highly developed country.The door was wide open.The idea is now widely accepted.(3)Exercises:1.Most people on this island are recreational fishers,and _(accident),fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.2._ (surprise),he should los
13、e his temper in public.3._ (expect),the injured athlete came first in the 100-meter dash.accidentallySurprisinglyUnexpectedly学生易错易混点总结：学生易错易混点总结：1.脱离上下文联系脱离上下文联系,片面追求词形变换，没有考片面追求词形变换，没有考虑根据语篇语境决定是否用否定形式；虑根据语篇语境决定是否用否定形式；2.un-与与dis-混淆使用：混淆使用：e.g.unlike与与dislike 1)The twin sisters are quite unlike.2)I
14、 dislike him.4.a negative prefix or suffix of the words (前缀）前缀）（后缀）（后缀）-Changes with the context.Exercises:He was _(courage)by the failure.It was _(polite)of you to leave without saying goodbye._(luck),I failed in the exam.There must be some _(understand)!He devoted his spare time to finding shelter
15、s for the _(home).If it is not _(convenience)to you,I should like to call on you this evening.discouragedimpoliteUnluckilymisunderstandinghomelessinconvenient Consolidation:Everyone knows smoking is bad for you.And by now youve _(probable)heard that breathing in someone elses secondhand smoke also h
16、arms your _(heal).Beijing recently expanded its smoking ban to all forms of public transportation,including subway,buses and taxis,in order to protect people from the harm of secondhand smoke.Secondhand smoke comes from both the smoke that _(smoke)breathe out and the smoke floating from the end of t
17、he cigarette.It may seem pretty _(harm),but secondhand smoke _(actual)contains thousands of harmful _(chemistry).Many of them have been proved to be _(poison)and cause cancer.In fact,secondhand smoke greatly increase a persons danger of respiratory infections.(呼吸系统传染病)，asthma(哮喘)in those who already
18、 have coughing,sore throats,sneezing,cancer and great disease.So secondhand smoke doesnt just _(effect)a person in the future.It can cause problems right now.According to the new rule,if you find a taxi driver smoking in the car,you will be given a reward,but many people would rather find no one smo
19、king!probablyhealthsmokersharmlessactuallychemicalspoisonousaffect Summing up:To do well in the Rational Cloze(word given),you have to:1.Analyse the sentence structure,figure out which part is missing and what part of speech is needed.2.Make sure the part of speech of the given word and its derivati
20、on and change.3.Be cautious about 1)the number of the noun(singlular,plural,uncountable or irregular);2)whether to use the negative form according to the context;3)more than one transformation;4)capitalizing the initials.4.Accumulate as many words and phrases as possible.Skills as well as practice help you!