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1、一、句子成分：定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。主要成分：主语和谓语其他成分：宾语、定语、状语、补足语（宾补）、表语、同位语。第1页/共32页1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语第2页/共32页主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.Wha
2、t he has said is true.第3页/共32页找出句中主语The sun rises in the east.（名（名词）He likes dancing.（代（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（数（数词）Seeing is believing.（动名名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主（主语从句）从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主
3、形式主语，主，主语从句是真正主从句是真正主语）第4页/共32页谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成：I saw the flag on the top of the hill.He looked after two orphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.He has caught a bad cold.She doesnt seem to like dancing.The little girl is drawing a picture.第5页/共32页（三）宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语
4、宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.间接宾语 直接宾语第6页/共32页Pleasepassmethe book.Heboughtmesome flowers.Ilikemy job.Iloveyou.Hewantedto leave here.Theyenjoyedplaying computer games.第7页/共32页（四）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句Heisacleverboy.Thereare67studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesl
5、eeping pills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.第8页/共32页（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分.I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.第9页/共32页I waited to see you.He
6、often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.第10页/共32页（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 make,consid
7、er,see,find,call,get,have,let.I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.第11页/共32页（七）表语系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征.常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go等。系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.Tha
8、t sounds good.第12页/共32页1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemto know the truth.3.Timeis precious.4.Imnotquite myselftoday.5.Whowasthe first?6.Thebookiswhat I need.第13页/共32页（八）同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况.Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.名词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.代词Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.从句Hetoldm
9、ethenewsthatIaminterestedin.从句第14页/共32页句子成分练一练：1.Class begins at eight.2.The kind teachers are having a meeting.3.This is the student who was absent yesterday.4.Put up your hand if you have any questions.5.Smoking does harm to your health.6.There is a pen on the desk.第15页/共32页7.Who teaches your math
10、s,Xiao Hua?8.This story happened in London.9.The rich should help the poor get jobs.10.This weekend,some of us are going to have a wonderful picnic with the teacher.第16页/共32页写一写：1.我父母都是教师。My parents are both teachers.2.他今天看起来不开心。He looks unhappy today.3.帮助穷人是必须的。It is necessary to help the poor.4.这个
11、故事发生在北京。The story happened in Beijing.5.我们学生应该努力学习。We students should study hard.第17页/共32页二、简单句的五种基本句型：英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+link-+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾
12、宾补）第18页/共32页基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）本结构是由主语+不及物动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。例：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。The red sun rises in the east.Tom left yesterday.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.第19页/共32页基本句型二：基本句型二：+link-+（主系表）本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的 b
13、e,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,fall,come,grow;第20页/共32页Link-（系（系动词）动词）(表语表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.HisfaceissmellsfeltlooksisisbecameturnedanEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.t
14、allandstrong.interesting.warm.red.第21页/共32页 基本句型 三 +（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。第22页/共32页（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who2.She3.He4.He5.They6.Danny7.I8.Heknowslaughatcooksmadeatelikeswantsaidtheanswer?her.mealeveryday.cakes.someapples.Englishverymuch.tohaveac
15、upoftea.Goodmorning.第23页/共32页基本句型四:+IO+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。例：My mother bought me a birthday gift.He gave me a story book.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for.My mother bought a birthday gift for me.He gave a story book to me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的
16、受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。第24页/共32页常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助需借助toto的的）bring,give,lend,hand,pass(bring,give,lend,hand,pass(递、递、传）传）,offer,send,take,teach,tell,write,offer,send,take,teach,tell,write,ask,showask,show等；等；（需借助（需借助forfor 的）的）bring,bring,buy,cook,choose,buy,cook,choose,find,get,make,singfind,get,make,sing等。等。第2
17、5页/共32页261Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。Mr.Johnson taught us Germanlast year.Grandma told me an interesting storylast night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.第26页/共32页基本句型 五:+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完
18、整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语和宾语补足语有逻辑主谓关系，若无宾语补足语句意不完整，可以用作宾补的有名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词.The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.第27页/共32页（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.They5.What6.We7.He8.Ike
19、eppaintedcallfoundmakessawaskedsawthetablethedoorsupperthehousehimhimthemthemanclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.tocomeback.gettingonthebus.第28页/共32页注：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，而it只起到引导作用，无意义。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语（可以为不定式，动名词，从句）。如：I felt it very pleasant to be with your family.搭配it做形式宾语的谓语动词
20、有：find，think,consider,feel,believe,make等。.He found it important learning English well.I dont think it possible that the lazy boy can master a foreign language without much memory work.第29页/共32页写一写：1.吸烟有害健康。2.这个女孩喜欢听音乐。3.你能告诉我你的电话号码吗？4.阳光保持我们温暖。5.我的父亲看见他偷钱。第30页/共32页6.朋友带给我一本有趣的书。7.人们都认为他是一个诚实的人。8.学生们乘公交车去学校。9.我发现做一个优秀的学生是困难的。（it做形式宾语）10.保持教室清洁干净是我们的职责。（it做形式主语）第31页/共32页感谢您的观看！第32页/共32页