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1、英语词性英语词性名词的概念名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词.如Beijing，China,the United States,Lu Xun等。普通名词(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词)名词专有名词（首字母要大写专有名词（首字母要大写the Great Wall；the West Lake 虚词（介词、连词、冠词）不用大写虚词（介词、连词、冠词）不用大写普通名词普通名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词名词复数的规则变化名词复数的规则变化名词复数的规则变化名词复数的规则变化 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：去f,fe 加-ves，如：half-halvesknife-knives leaf-l
2、eaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves；加s，如：belief-beliefs roof-roofs 名词复数的不规则变化 1 1）child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese mouse-mice man-men woman-women German-mouse-mice man-men woman-women German-GermansGermans2 2）单复同形如：）单
3、复同形如：deerdeer，sheepsheep，fishfish，ChineseChinese，Japanese Japanese 3 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：如：people police people police 等本身就是复数，不能说等本身就是复数，不能说 a peoplea people，a a policepolice，但可以说，但可以说a persona person，a policemana policeman，flowerflowers找规律找规律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf-leav
4、esboxes找规律找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes不规则变化不规则变化child-childrenwoman-womendeersheepman-mengoose-geeseLOREM IPSUM DOLOR拓展：拓展：1、不可数名词及其量的表达方式、不可数名词及其量的表达方式（不可数名词无法用数目来计算，也没有复（不可数名词无法用数目来计算，也没有复数形式）数形式）怎么样来表达数量？怎么样来表达数量？“计量词计量词+of+不可数名不可数名词词”来表达来表达acupofcoffee-twocupsofcoffeeapieceofnews-threepiecesofnewsa
5、pieceofadvice-fourpiecesofadviceLOREM IPSUM DOLOR拓展：拓展：2、名词所有格、名词所有格麦克的弟弟麦克的弟弟Mikesbrother母亲节母亲节MothersDay北京的公园北京的公园Beijingspark汤姆的书汤姆的书Tomsbook中国的地图中国的地图Chinasmap=themapofChina8分钟的脚程分钟的脚程我的桌子我的桌子LOREM IPSUM DOLOR拓展：拓展：3、名词连用、名词连用onebananatree-twobananatreesonemandoctor-twomendoctors拓展拓展:4、常以复数形式出现的
6、词、常以复数形式出现的词pants；glasses；clothes；shoesjeans；shorts；chopsticksLOREM IPSUM DOLORclass-teacher-child-boy-city-box-tomato-chair-bus-dish-zoo-bank-leaf-sheep-photo-wife-foot-man-mouse-friend-根据所给单词的正确形式填空：根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(bo
7、y)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.My
8、schoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)15.Allthe_(woman)teachersand_(girl)studentsarehaving,ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetableswomenminutesgirl1.Several_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyare_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Howfarisyourschoolfromher
9、e？NotveryfarItsabouttwentywalk.（2000杭州）杭州）AminutesBminutes Cminutes3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春）长春）A.people B.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJanesC.AnnsandJanesCCAAB冠冠词
10、词一一.冠词概述冠词概述冠词的概念：冠词是经常加在名词前面的一个辅助词，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词在句子中不能单独作一个成分，是虚词。冠词可分为不定冠词（a/an），定冠词（the）和零冠词（/）三类不定冠词（不定冠词（a/ana/an）1、a用于辅音发音开头的词前，而不是辅音字母前面 如：a useful book；a university2.an用于元音发音开头的词前，而不是元音字母前，如：an apple；an hour；an honest man三三.不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法（一）不定冠词的用法（一）不定冠词的用法：1.在叙述时用于第一次提到某人或某物 This is a book
11、2.表示泛指的某人、某物 An English-English dictionary is very necessary for me.3.表示类别 An elephant is bigger than a horse.4.表示数量中的“一”。但数的概念没有one 强烈 用在数词中，表示“一”。A book；a man；a dog；an hour 5.用于某些物质名词和抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”There will be a strong wind here 6.用于某些固定词组中 have a cold；have a good time；have a look；have a
12、rest 三三.定冠词的用法定冠词的用法(the)(the)thethe表示特指。同类中特定的一个，区别于其他人或事表示特指。同类中特定的一个，区别于其他人或事1 表示特定的人或物 Do you know the girl in red skirt？2 表示上文提到过的人或事。Tom has an apple.The apple is big and red.3.表示双方都知道的人或物 Open the door4 表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物 世界上独一无二的东西很多，这里所指的独一无二主要是指各种天体及世界上比较有影响力的物体。The sun The sun；the universe
13、the universe；the earththe earth5.5.在世纪，年代名词前用冠词 in the 1980s in the 1980s 2020世纪世纪 8080年代年代 in the nineteenth century in the nineteenth century 二十世纪二十世纪6 用于形容词最高级和序数词前，常用the the tallest boy He is always the first to come and the last to leave.7 用于“越.越”结构中，the必不可少 The more The more，the betterthe bett
14、er8 用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物 The rich The rich 富人富人 the young the young 年轻人年轻人 The old the poor9 用于乐器前，在演奏的乐器前加the playplay the guitar the guitar10 用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妻两人 The Greens are watching TV now11.用于普通名词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall长城 the Summer Palace the United States 12.用于表示方位的名词前 in the east；in the west；in t
15、he north；in the south 13.在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean太平洋 14.用于某些固定词组中in the end最后 at the age of在几岁时 all the time 一直 in the morning对比：有the 和没the 意义不同的词组 at table在吃饭 at the table在桌子旁 in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院 in future今后 in the future将来 take place发生 take the p
16、lace取代 go to college上大学 go to the college到大学去 in class在 课堂上 in the class在班里 on earth 和 on the earth in front of 和 in the front of 前面,指内部 零冠词的用法零冠词的用法1 1 专专有有名名词词前前一一般般不不加加冠冠词词：China,China,American,American,Grade Grade Two,Two,Bill Bill SmithSmith2 2 一些抽象的不可数名词一些抽象的不可数名词前不加冠词：前不加冠词：Life is short;art
17、is long.Time waits for no man.Life is short;art is long.Time waits for no man.3 3 名名词词前前已已有有this,this,that,that,my,my,whose,whose,some,some,any,any,no,no,each,each,everyevery等等物物主主代代词词、指指示示代代词词、不不定定代代词词、名名词词所所有有格格等等修修饰饰限限定定时时，不不加加冠冠词。词。this morning this morning；my penmy pen；your watchyour watch；whos
18、e bikewhose bike4 4 复数名词表示某一类人或事物时，不加冠词复数名词表示某一类人或事物时，不加冠词 They are workers.They are workers.Computers are very popular to all kinds of people.Computers are very popular to all kinds of people.5 5 季节、月份、星期、日期和节日季节、月份、星期、日期和节日的名词前不加冠词的名词前不加冠词 It is Sunday today.It is Sunday today.June 1 June 1stst is
19、 Childrens Day in China.is Childrens Day in China.Spring is a lovely season.Spring is a lovely season.6 6 在在语言、学科、三餐、球类语言、学科、三餐、球类等名词前不加冠词等名词前不加冠词 have breakfast have breakfast；play football.play football.不用冠词的场合不用冠词的场合7 在在人名、称呼语、头衔、职务人名、称呼语、头衔、职务等名词前，一般不加冠词等名词前，一般不加冠词 What color are Mr.Greens shoes
20、?What color are Mr.Greens shoes?This is Professor Li This is Professor Li8 8 在在与与byby连用的交通工具连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词名称前不加冠词 by car,by bus,by trainby car,by bus,by train (但但take a bus,in a boat,on the biketake a bus,in a boat,on the bike前要加冠词前要加冠词)9 9 表示表示语言的名词前语言的名词前不加冠词，但后加不加冠词，但后加languagelanguage时，必须加时，必须加t
21、hethe Chinese Chinese French French English English the the Chinese Chinese language language the the French languageFrench language12 12 固定短语里不用冠词固定短语里不用冠词 at first；take take care care ofof；in in troubletrouble；in in timetime；in in dangerdanger；on on footfoot；on timeon time；watch TVwatch TV；1.MrWan
22、ghasworkedas_Englishteacherformorethan10years.A./B.aC.anD.the2Howlongdoesittakeustogotoyourhometownfromhere?Ittakesus_hourormoretogotomyhometownby_train.A.an;aB.a;anC.an;/D.a;/3What_usefulbookitis!Yeah,ittellsyouhowtoplayguitar.A.an；theB.a；aC.a；theD.an；a4、.Susanjoinedanartclubatageofsixandpaintswell
23、.A.theB.anC.a5、Myuncleis_engineer.Heworksveryhard.A.theB.aC.an练习练习6.Ahorseis_usefulanimal.A.aB.anC.theD./7.Weusuallygoto_schoolonweekdays,andsometimesgoto_cinemaatweekends.A.不填；theB.the;theC.the;不填D.不填；不填8._areplanningtogoonvacation.A.BlacksB.ABlacksC.TheBlacksD.TheBlacks9.MrsSmithhas_sonandadaughte
24、r.A.aB.anC.theD./11.Shelearnedtoplay_pianoallbyherself.A.aB.anC.theD.不填12.Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture,Nick?Iwanttobe_pilot.Itis_excitingjob.A、a;aB.a;anC.the;anD,a;the13.Thereis_bigsupermarketin_centerofourcity.A、a;theB.the;aC.the;the14.Beijing,_capitalofChina,has_longhistory.A.a;aB.the;不填C.the;aD.不
25、填；the15.Letshave_break;Iwanttomake_telephonecall.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the16.Cindy,doyouhave_e-mailaddress?Iwanttosendyousomephotos.Yes,Ido.I.A.aB.anC.the17.Itis_popularwayamongtheyoungpeopletochatontheInternetnow.A.aB.anC.the18.Doyouknow_girlwhoisstandingunder_tree?Ofcourse!SheisLucy,myclassmate
26、s.A.the,theB.a,aC.a,/D./,the19.Thereis_pencilonthedesk.A、anB.aC.theD./20.Ioftengotoschool_.A.bybusB.byabusC.bythebusD.bybuses代词代代词词是是代代替替名名词词的的一一种种词词类类。大大多多数数代代词词具具有有名名词词和和形形容容词词的的功功能能。英英语语中中的的代代词词，按按其其意意义义、特特征征及及在在句句中中的的作作用用分分为为：人人称称代代词词、物物主主代代词词、指指示示代代词词、反反身身代代词词、相相互互代代词词、疑疑问问代代词词、关关系系代代词词和和不不定定代代
27、词词八八种种。代词的分类：代词的分类：1.人称代词人称代词 2.物主代词物主代词 3.反身代词反身代词:myself,ourselves,yourself,himself,herself 4.指示代词指示代词:this,that,these,those 5.疑问代词疑问代词:what,who,whose,which,6.不定代词不定代词:some,any,either,neither,another,others,(a)few,(a)little,a lot,many,much 7.相互代词相互代词 8.关系代词关系代词主格：主格：I,we,you,they,he,she,it 宾格：宾格：m
28、e,us,you,them,him,her,it形容词性形容词性my,our,your,his,her,their,its名词性名词性mine,ours,yours,his,hers,theirs,itsI.人称代词人称代词：表示谁的词。：表示谁的词。1).主格代词作主语主格代词作主语(注意注意:主谓一致主谓一致)2).宾格代词作宾语宾格代词作宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语动词宾语和介词宾语)He gives me an apple I like go shopping with himmeyouhimheritusyouthem考场练兵考场练兵1.She didnt tell _(I)when t
29、o leave.2.Why dont you give _(we)some examples?3.Miss Li teaches_(they)maths.4.We will look after _(he)when you are away.5.Did you borrow the radio from _(she)?6._are all very busy recently.7.A.I,you and he B.you,I and he 8.C.He,you and I D.You,he and I9.7.He told _ to hand in _homework.10.A.we,we B
30、.I,me C.us,our D.my,I meusthemhimher8.I think _is going to rain.A.it B.its C.its D.that 9.Listen!There is a knock at the door.Do you know who_ can be?A.he B.him C.it D.she10.Kate has lost _key._asks _for help.A.Her,He,I B.His,He,me B.C.his,She,I D.her,She,me11.I saw_playing in the street at that tim
31、e.A.them B.they C.their D.theirs 12.There are many people over there.They are waiting for_.A.we B.us C.our D.oursII.物主代词物主代词:表示所属关系的代词表示所属关系的代词,也叫也叫代词所有格代词所有格ones(whose)mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs两种物主代词的区别：两种物主代词的区别：名词性物主代词名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+n.my bags=mine1).形容词性物主代词后面一定要接名词形容词性物主代词后面一定
32、要接名词(作定语作定语)my books；our classroom；your pencil)2).名词性物主代词后面不能接名词名词性物主代词后面不能接名词,(作主语作主语,宾宾语等语等)Your English is bad，mine is good.Is this your book?Yes,it is mine.考场练兵考场练兵1.I gave her _address and she gave me _.A.my,her B.my ,hers C.mine,her D.mine,hers2.This is _seat._is over there.A.your,my B.mine,yo
33、ur C.your,mine D.my,your3.Jim did _best in the Chinese exam.A.his B.him C.himself D.he4.He touched _on _shoulder.A.my,my B.me,my C.her,her D.me,the5.Her homework is more careful than_.me B.my C.mine D.I6.Everyone should do _best.Its B.ones C.their D.his 7.A friend of _will go with me.My B.me C.mine
34、D.I 8._school is much bigger than_.Their,our B.Your,their C.Their,ours D.ours,yours III.反身代词反身代词(自己自己)oneself注注:第一第一,二人称的反身代词由二人称的反身代词由形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+self/selves 构构成第三人称的反身代词由成第三人称的反身代词由宾格代词宾格代词+self/selves构成构成作用作用:1).作动词或介词的宾语。常搭配的动词作动词或介词的宾语。常搭配的动词enjoy，help，look after，take care of等等2).作同位语（作同位语
35、（加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末）He himself told me the news.Yousaidityourself.人称人称反身代词构成的短语反身代词构成的短语1.enjoy oneself 玩得开心玩得开心=have a good time2.dress oneself 自己穿衣服自己穿衣服3.look after oneself=take care of oneself4.help oneself(to）请自便吃点请自便吃点5.5.by oneself 独自地独自地=on ones own 6.for oneself 替自己替自己7.smile to onesel
36、f 偷笑偷笑,窃笑窃笑 say to oneself 自言自语自言自语1.They enjoy_(they)2.You should take care of _(he)3._(she)is a teacher4.He tells_(I)that he will go there5.He likes playing with_(we)6.This is _(you)book7.We love _(we)school8.I do not like _(I)book,can I use_(you)9.Your bag is better than _(my)10.We have to take c
37、are of_(we)1.I often talk with_(they)2.You should take care of _(you)3._(he)is a teacher4.He likes_(I)very much5.He likes playing with_(she)6.I like _(you)bag7.I love _(I)family8._(you)school is better than_(we)9.Your bag is bigger than _(my)10.I love_(you).Do you love_(I)三、三、指示代词指示代词表示表示那个那个、这个这个、这
38、些这些、那些那些等指示概念的代词。等指示概念的代词。Eg.That is a good idea.I love those book in blue.These people are my friends.Eg The weather in Changshan is warmer than that in Jiangshan.The apples on this tree are bigger than those on that tree.七、七、七、七、疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词有有有有whowho，whomwhom，whosewhose，whatwhat和和和和which,when
39、which,when等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作问代词都可用作问代词都可用作问代词都可用作连接代词连接代词连接代词连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从，引导名词性从句（主语从，引导名词性从句（主语从，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）句、宾语从句和表语从句）句、宾语从句和表语从句）句、宾语从句和表语从句）Who are you?Where is his coat?Whose bag is this?Which season do you like best?What
40、 does he often do on Sundays?Could you tell me what his name is?What he said moved me a lot.IV.不定代词不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词（或形容词）的代：不指明代替任何特定名词（或形容词）的代词词(both,all,many,much,each,another,either,a few,little.)复合不定代词：不定代词复合不定代词：不定代词some,any,every,no与与one,body,thing的组合的组合 someone(某人）某人）anyone everyone no one(no
41、ne)somebody anybody everybody nobody something anything everything nothing1.There is someone in his office.2.Everyone knows that.3.Im sure somebody important has arrived.4.There is something wrong with him.5.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?6.注注1）复合不定代词均为单数，其谓语动词用单）复合不定代词均为单数，其谓语动词用
42、单数数7.2）形容词修饰复合不定代词放后面）形容词修饰复合不定代词放后面some与与any都可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词都可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词1、一般来讲，、一般来讲，some用于肯定句，用于肯定句，any用于否定用于否定句、疑问句句、疑问句2、在表建议、请求或希望对方做出肯定回答的、在表建议、请求或希望对方做出肯定回答的疑问句中，用疑问句中，用some Would you like some coffee？Do you have some coins？3、any可以用于肯定句中，表示可以用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个任何一个”。后跟。后跟单数可数名词或不可数名词单数可数名词或不可数名词
43、Any day is ok3.(the)other,(the)others,another 1).other a.别的，其它的别的，其它的 other+复数名词复数名词=others 2).the other+单数名词单数名词表示两者中的另一个，表示两者中的另一个，常与常与one连用。连用。I have two apples,one is for you,the other is for me.another+单数名词单数名词表示三者或三者以上的任何一表示三者或三者以上的任何一个个 I dont like this,show me another.the other+复复数名词数名词特指其余所
44、有的人或物特指其余所有的人或物=the othersnone和和all的区别（适用范围都是三者或三者以上）的区别（适用范围都是三者或三者以上）it，one，that 的区别的区别 them，ones，those考场练兵考场练兵4.either（两者中的任何一个）（两者中的任何一个）,neither（两者都不），（两者都不），both（两者都）（两者都）1）either表示两者之间的任何一个。动词用单数表示两者之间的任何一个。动词用单数Eitherofthemisright.2）对）对both的全部否定，作主语时，动词用单数。的全部否定，作主语时，动词用单数。Neitherofthetwosis
45、tershascome.1.Idontlikethiscoat.Canyoushowmethat_?A.oneB.someC.itD.any2.Arethere_boysintheclassroom?No,thereareonly_girls.A.some,someB.any,someC.some,anyD.any,any3.Hurryup!Thereis_timeleft.A.AfewB.alittleC.fewD.little4.Isthere_intodaysnewspaper?A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantsomet
46、hingD.importantanything5.Shehastwobooksonthedesk._ofthemiswritteninEnglish.A.BothB.EitherC.AllD.Every6.Iwillcomesome_day.A.onesB.oneC.otherD.another7.Somearereading,_arewriting.A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.ones11.Therearetreeson_sideofthestreet.A.eitherB.everyC.bothD.all12.Arethetwoboyshere?No,_here.A.
47、NooneisB.allarenotC.neither13.Ihavelittlemoney,soIcantlendyou_.A.someB.anyC.muchD.many14.Thereis_milkleft.Wehavetogoandbuysomeatonce.A.alittleB.afewC.fewD.little15.Theoldmanhas_friends.Soheoftenfeelslonely.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle16.Therearetwentyteachersinthisgrade.Eightofthemarewomenteachersan
48、d_arementeachers.A.theotherB.theothersC.othersD.other17.Hewastoohappytosay_.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything18.Pleasebequiet!Ihave_totellyou.A.importantsomethingB.nothingimportantC.importantanythingD.somethingimportant19.Wehavethreesmallrooms._roomcanseatabout20people.A.AllB.OneC.BothD.Eac
49、h五、五、五、五、表示相互关系的代词叫表示相互关系的代词叫表示相互关系的代词叫表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词相互代词相互代词相互代词，有，有，有，有eachothereachother和和和和oneanotheroneanother两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。别。别。别。Weshouldloveeachother.TomandBettyarefriends,sotheyalwayshelpeachother.Our students learn one another.八、八、八、八、
50、关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词有有有有whowho，whomwhom，whosewhose，thatthat，whichwhich，asas等，可用作等，可用作等，可用作等，可用作引导引导引导引导定语定语定语定语从句从句从句从句的关联词。它们的关联词。它们的关联词。它们的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作在定语从句中可作在定语从句中可作在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语主语、表语、宾语、定语主语、表语、宾语、定语主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一等；另一等；另一等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的