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1、2023/4/14汽车专业英语 全国交通运输职业教育教学指导委员会苏庆列谢东梅 陈瑞娟 AlexanderJKM 彭小红全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材全国交通运输职业教育高职汽车运用与维修技术专业规划教材 组织编写主 编副 主 编主 审2023/4/14Overview of Vehicle MaintenanceEngineChassisElectronic control systemAutomotive Electrical EquipmentModule 1Module 2Module 3 Module 4Module 5Module 6Module 7Modu
2、le 8Safety and Comfort SystemNew Energy VehiclesSmart Vehicle Module 2 EngineReading MaterialsSkill Training ExercisesListening and SpeakingPart I Part II Part IIIPart IV Passage 1 Crank-link mechanismPassage 2 Valve mechanismPassage 3 Lubrication systemPassage 4 Cooling system 请指出图2-1所示发动机曲柄连杆机构部件中
3、文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage 1 Crank-link mechanism Text ExplanationThe crank and connecting rod mechanism is the main mechanism of a reciprocating engine for transforming thermal energy into mechanical energy.It transforms the reciprocating linear motion of the piston under action of pressure into the circu
4、lar motion of the crankshaft to deliver power to the external components.译文：曲柄连杆机构是往复活塞式发动机将热能转换为机械能的主要机构，其功用是将燃气作用在活塞顶上的压力转变为曲轴旋转运动而对外输出动力。Text ExplanationCrank and connecting rod mechanism consists of the piston and connecting rod group and the crankshaft and flywheel group.The piston and connecti
5、ng rod group includes mainly the piston,piston rings,piston pin,and connecting rod.The crankshaft and flywheel group includes mainly the crankshaft,flywheel,pulley,and timing gear.译文：曲柄连杆机构由活塞连杆组和曲轴飞轮组两部分组成。活塞连杆组主要包括活塞、活塞环、活塞销、连杆等零部件。曲轴飞轮组包括曲轴、飞轮、带轮、正时齿轮等零部件。Text Explanation.When the engine is runni
6、ng,the pressure of gases produced from fuel burning is directly applied to the piston crown.The piston is hence driven to reciprocate along a straight line.The power applied by the piston is delivered via the piston pin and the connecting rod to the crankshaft.The reciprocating linear motion of the
7、piston is transformed into the circular motion of the crank shaft.Large portion of the power produced by the engine is delivered to the driveline via the flywheel installed at the rear end of the crankshaft.The power is then delivered to the drive wheels of the vehicle,via the driveline.Another port
8、ion of the power produced by the engine is used to drive the accessories of the engine itself and other systems,via the gear and the pulley installed at the front end of the crankshaft.Text Explanation译文：发动机工作过程中，燃料燃烧产生的气体压力直接作用在活塞顶上，推动活塞作往复直线运动。活塞作用力经活塞销、连杆传给曲轴，将活塞的往复运动转换为曲轴的旋转运动。发动机产生的动力大部分由曲轴后端的飞
9、轮传给底盘的传动系统，再经过传动系统传给汽车的驱动轮；还有一部分动力通过曲轴前端的齿轮和带轮驱动发动机自身的其他机构和系统。请指出图2-2所示发动机配气机构部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage 2 Valve mechanism Text ExplanationThe valve mechanism closes and opens the intake valves and exhaust valves according to the firing order of the cylinders,so that fresh air-fuel mixture(in the case o
10、f a gasoline engine)or air(in the case of a diesel engine)can timely enter the cylinders,and waste gases resulting from combustion can timely go out of the cylinders.译文：配气机构的功用是按照发动机各缸的工作循环和做功次序，定时地将各个气缸的进、排气门开启和关闭，以便使新鲜的可燃混合气（汽油机）或空气（柴油机）及时进入气缸，并将各气缸中燃烧后的废气及时排出。Text ExplanationThe valve mechanism c
11、onsists of the valve group and the valve train group.The valve group includes mainly the valves(intake valves and exhaust valves),valve springs,valve seats,and valve guides.The valve train group include mainly the camshafts,timing pulleys(or gear,or sprocket),timing belt(or timing chain),and valve t
12、appets.译文：配气机构由气门组和气门传动组两部分组成。气门组包括气门（进气门、排气门）、气门弹簧、气门座、气门导管等零部件。气门传动组包括凸轮轴、正时带轮（或齿轮、链轮）、正时带（或正时链条）、气门挺柱等零部件。Text ExplanationThe timing pulleys of the camshafts are driven by the timing pulley of the crankshaft,via the timing belt.The valve sub-assemblies are driven,via the valve tappets,by the timi
13、ng pulleys of the camshafts.Due to the special profile and arrangement of the cams on the camshafts,the intake and exhaust valves are opened and closed accurately in good time,with the gas change of the cylinders accomplished.译文：发动机工作过程中，曲轴正时带轮通过正时带驱动凸轮轴正时带轮转动，并通过气门挺柱驱动气门组件，利用凸轮轴上的凸轮的特殊形状和分布形式，适时准确地
14、打开和关闭进、排气门，实现气缸内气体顺利换气的目的。请指出图2-3所示发动机润滑系统部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage 3 Lubrication system Text ExplanationWhen the engine works,many parts move relatively with other parts in a small room,such as the main journal of the crankshaft and the main bearing;the rod journal and the rod bearing;piston,piston ri
15、ng and cylinder wall;the camshaft and camshaft bearing etc.If the surfaces of these parts are not lubricated,severe friction happens and expedites the parts wear and finally makes it impossible for the engine to run.Sothe lubrication system is important to guarantee a long operation of the engine.译文
16、：发动机工作时，很多零件都是在很小的间隙下与另一个零件作相对运动，如曲轴主轴颈与主轴承，连杆轴颈与连杆轴承，活塞、活塞环与气缸壁，凸轮轴与凸轮轴轴承等。如果没有对这些零件表面进行润滑，必然会产生强烈的摩擦，加速磨损，最终导致发动机无法运转。因此，润滑系统是保证发动机能长期正常运转的重要系统。Text ExplanationThe function of the lubrication system is to continuously deliver adequate clean oil in right temperature to the friction surfaces of all
17、moving parts,and to form the oil film between the friction surfaces for liquid friction,so as to reduce the friction resistance,power consumption and parts wear to improve the engines reliability and durability.It also helps in cooling and cleaning of engine parts as the oil circulates.译文：润滑系统的功用是在发
18、动机工作时连续不断地把数量足够、温度适当的洁净机油输送到全部运动件的摩擦表面，并在摩擦表面之间形成油膜，实现液体摩擦，从而减小摩擦阻力、降低功率消耗、减轻机件磨损，以达到提高发动机工作可靠性和耐久性的目的。Text ExplanationThe lubrication system of gasoline engine is normally composed of oil pump,suction filter,filter cleaner,pressure-limiting valve,by-pass valve and oil pipeline etc.and some have oil
19、 cooler too.译文：汽油机润滑系统一般由机油泵、集滤器、机油滤清器、限压阀、旁通阀和机油管道等组成，有些汽油机润滑系统中还设有机油冷却器。Text ExplanationWhen the engineruns,the oil pump sucks in the engine oil from the oil pan through the suction filter which prevents the entry of big mechanical impurities into the oil pump and lubricating circuit.The engine oi
20、l pumped out flows through the filter cleaner into the main oil passage of the cylinder and then through the transverse oil passage in the crankcase into the main journal of the crankshaft.Then it flows from the main journal,passes through the slanting oil passage in the crankshaft,and then enters t
21、he rod journal where a little portion of the engine oil sprays to the piston and cylinder wall to lubricate them through the orifice on the big end of the rod.And some of the engine oil flows to the oil passage on the cylinder cover through the oil passage on the cylinder body and then enters the ca
22、mshaft bearing to lubricate the journal of the camshaft bearing.Furthermore,the lubricating oil flows also through relevant oil passage or orifice to the timing chain and its automatic tensioner(when the engine with time chain distribution mechanism is used),cam surface of the camshaft,hydraulic tap
23、pet(when the engine with hydraulic tappet is used)and so on to lubricate or work as the service fluid for the hydraulic parts.Text Explanation译文：当发动机工作时，机油泵将油底壳中的机油经集滤器吸入，集滤器可防止大的机械杂质进入机油泵和润滑油路中。被机油泵压出的机油经机油滤清器过滤后流入缸体上的主油道中，并通过曲轴箱中的横向油道进入曲轴主轴颈，再通过曲轴中的斜向油道从主轴颈处流向连杆轴颈，进入连杆轴颈中的小部分机油通过连杆大头上的机油喷孔喷向活塞和气缸壁
24、，以润滑活塞和气缸。另有一部分机油经缸体上的油道到达气缸盖油道，进入凸轮轴轴承，润滑凸轮轴轴颈。此外，润滑油还经过相关的油道或喷嘴到达正时链条和正时链条自动张紧器（使用正时链条配气机构的发动机）、凸轮轴的凸轮表面、液力挺柱（使用液力挺柱的发动机）等，执行润滑任务或作为液压部件的工作介质。请指出图2-4所示发动机冷却系统部件中文名称及其相应英文名称。Passage 4 Cooling system1234567812345678 Text ExplanationThe function of the cooling system is to make the engine get normal
25、working temperature as quickly as possible and stay at the best working temperature in the whole working process.译文：冷却系统的功用就是使发动机尽快地达到正常的工作温度，并使发动机在工作过程中始终处于最佳的工作温度范围内。Text ExplanationThe engine should be cooled down to the right extent.With under cooling,the engine is overheated to lead to the decr
26、ease of the intake efficiency and a higher tendency of resignation and conflagration,which causes the engine power reduction;overheated engine also reduces the clearance between the moving parts of the engine,making the parts unable to move normally or even stuck or broken;whats more,overheating als
27、o decreases the lubricating oil viscosity and makes the oil film break easily,intensifying the parts wear.And also fuel consumption increases due to premature combustion.译文：发动机冷却要适度。若冷却不足，会使发动机过热，从而造成充气效率下降，早燃和爆燃倾向加大，致使发动机功率下降；过热还会使发动机运动零件间的间隙变小，导致零件不能正常运动，甚至卡死、损坏；或使零件因强度下降而导致变形和损坏；同时，过热还会使润滑油黏度减小，润
28、滑油膜易破裂而使零件磨损加剧。Text ExplanationWith over cooling,the engine is too cold and the mixed gas or the air entering the cylinder has a too low temperature and is hard to ignite,leading to the reduction of the engine power and the increase of the oil consumption.The lubricating oil has a higher viscosity t
29、oo,weakening the lubrication and increasing the parts wear.Furthermore,the fuel oil which is not classifier yet due to the low temperature shall wash against the oil film on the friction surfaces of the cylinder and piston etc.And as the mixed gas contacts the cooler cylinder wall,the classifier fue
30、l oil shall condense again and flow into the crankcase,which shall not only increase the oil consumption but also make the oil thin and affect the lubrication,decreasing the engine power and intensifying the parts wear.译文：若冷却过度，会使发动机过冷，导致进入气缸的混合气或空气温度低而难以点燃混合气，造成发动机功率下降、油耗上升。还会使润滑油黏度增大，造成润滑不良而加剧零件磨损
31、。此外，因温度低而未气化的燃油会冲刷气缸、活塞等摩擦表面上的油膜，同时因混合气与温度较低的气缸壁接触，使其中原已汽化的燃油又重新凝结而流入曲轴箱内，不仅增加了油耗，而且使机油变稀而影响润滑，从而导致发动机功率下降，磨损加剧。Text ExplanationThe water-cooled cooling system uses water(or cooling liquid)as the coolant.The heat from the heated engine parts is transferred to the coolant first and then dissipates to
32、 the air through the radiator.The engine adopting the water-cooled cooling system is also called water-cooled engine.Its cooling system includes radiator,water pump,fan,cooling water jacket and thermostat etc.Water pump is used in this system to force the coolant to circulate in the system to dissip
33、ate the heat.译文：水冷式冷却系统是以水（或冷却液）为冷却介质，先将发动机受热零件的热量传给冷却液，再通过散热器散发到大气中去。采用水冷式冷却系统的发动机也称为水冷式发动机。其冷却系统由散热器、水泵、风扇、冷却水套和节温器等组成（见图2-4），利用水泵强制冷却液在冷却系统中进行循环流动而达到散热的目的。Text ExplanationBoth the cylinder cover and the cylinder body of the water-cooled engine have inside the castled water jacket mutually connect
34、ed.With the pump function,the cooling water in the radiator is pressed and flows through the inlet on the cylinder body into the engine,and then through the water jacket in the cylinder body and cover to absorb heat and returns afterwards from the outlet on the cylinder cover to the radiator along t
35、he water channel.Due to the auto speed and the powerful suction by the fan,the air passes through the radiator at a high speed from the front to the rear.So,when the heated cooling water flows through the radiator core,heat dissipates constantly into the air.The cooled water flows to the radiator bo
36、ttom and then is pumped out and pressed into the water jacket of the engine and cycles repeatedly in this way.The heat is continuously transported to the air to cool down the engine to guarantee the normal operation of the engine.Text Explanation水冷式发动机的气缸盖和气缸体中都铸有相互连通的水套。在水泵的作用下，散热器内的冷却水被加压后通过气缸体进水孔
37、进入发动机，流经气缸体及缸盖的水套而吸收热量，然后从气缸盖的出水口沿水管流回散热器。由于汽车行驶的速度及风扇的强力抽吸，空气由前向后高速通过散热器。因此，受热后的冷却水在流过散热器芯的过程中，热量不断地散发到大气中去，冷却后的水流到散热器的底部，又被水泵抽出，再次压送到发动机的水套中，如此不断循环，把热量不断地送到大气中去，使发动机不断地得到冷却，从而保证发动机正常工作。Part II Skill TrainingRead the circuit diagram of VIOSs engine ECU and answer the following two questions.1.What
38、are the main functions of ECU?2.What are the main sensors and actuators of the circuit diagram of VIOS?。Part III ExercisesExercise 1：Translate the following phrases into Chinese or English.1.crankshaft2.凸轮轴 3.cylinder4.活塞环 5.journal6.连杆 7.valve seat8.润滑系统 9.thermostat10.飞轮 Part III ExercisesExercise
39、 2：Mark the following statements with T（True）or F（False）according to the passage.()1.According to the passage crank and connecting rod mechanism consists of the piston and connecting rod group and the crankshaft and flywheel group.()2.The valves on the cylinder head are used to open the intake and e
40、xhaust ports of each cylinder.()3.Lubrication system can continuously deliver adequate clean fuel in right temperature to the friction surfaces of all moving parts.()4.When the heated cooling water flows through the radiator core,heat dissipates constantly into the air.()5.Generally,an automotive en
41、gine consists of two mechanisms and five systems.Part III ExercisesExercise 3：Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.Generally,an automotive engine consists of the following mechanisms and systems:engine body,crank and connecting rod mechanism,valve mechanism,lubrication system,cooling syste
42、m,fuel system,ignition system,and starting system.Furthermore,a modern engine is equipped with the emission control unit,and a supercharged engine is equipped with the supercharging system.Part IV Listening and SpeakingPurchase InsuranceA:What kind of car insurance do you have?B:I went with the PICC
43、.A:Why did you choose that company?B:I looked at the price of the type of insurance that I wanted.A:What should I think about in choosing services?B:There are websites that will figure out what coverage is right for you.A:What did you end up buying?B:Well,my car is very old,so I didnt worry so much about what it would cost to repair it.I did buy a lot of coverage for fixing someone elses car.A:Have you ever had to use your insurance?B:I was in an accident,but it was the other persons fault and their insurance covered it.Thank you！