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1、认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Chapter 4 Translation of Long SentencesTranslation of Long Sentences2023/4/131认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目I.Three Aspects to Think aboutnI.Logic I believe that I speak for every sincere and serious representati
2、ve in the United Nations so I am encouraged to believe by the speeches to which we have already listened this morning when I say that the anniversary must be an occasion for an honest assessment of our failures in the past,matched by an equally determined will to do better in the future,so that we c
3、an escape from frustration and turn the anniversary into an inspiration and an achievement.2023/4/132认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目n1.Logic I believe that I speak for every sincere and serious representative in the United Nations/so I am encouraged to believe by the spee
4、ches to which we have already listened this morning/when I say that the anniversary must be an occasion for an honest assessment of our failures in the past,matched by an equally determined will to do better in the future,so that we can escape from frustration and turn the anniversary into an inspir
5、ation and an achievement.2023/4/133认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目n这次周年纪念会应该是一个老老实实地评估我们过去失误的大好时机,同时也应该是一个表达我们有同样决心要做好今后工作的大好时机。这样,我们就可免遭挫折,并可把这次周年纪念变成一种鼓舞和成就。当我讲这番话时,我相信今天上午我们听到的发言也使我相信我是代表联合国每一位真诚而严肃的代表讲话的。2023/4/134认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准
6、扶贫”项目n2.Time Sequence In the winter of 1879,James Lecky,exchequer clerk from Ireland,and privately interested in phonetics,keyboard temperament,and Gaelic,all of which subjects he imposed on me,dragged me to a meeting of a debating society called The Zetetical:a junior copy of the once well known Di
7、alectical Society founded to discuss John Stuart Mills Essay on Liberty when that was new.2023/4/135认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目n译文1：詹姆斯莱基是爱尔兰人，在财政部当职员，他本人对语言学、键盘和声和盖尔语很感兴趣，并把这些课题强加在我身上。1879年冬，他拉我去参加一个辩论会团体举办的会议，该团体叫探索协会。当约翰斯图尔特米尔刚刚发表自由一文时，成立过一个辩证学会来讨论这篇文章，该学会曾名噪一时，探索协
8、会仿照了辩证协会的模式，只是规模没有它大罢了。n译文2：1879年冬，詹姆斯莱基带我去参加一次辩论会。莱基是爱尔兰人，在财政部当职员，有空喜欢研究语音学，弹弹琴，学习盖尔语。他还硬让我也学这些东西。这次他带我去参加的辩论会是一个名叫“探索学会”的团体举办的。当年约翰斯图尔特米尔的文章论自由刚刚发表的时候，成立过一个“论辩学会”来讨论这篇文章，该学会曾名噪一时，探索学会就是仿照论辩学会建立起来的，只是没有它那么有名罢了。2023/4/136认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目n3.Space (1).Imagine
9、 a lonely whitewashed steading set on a rain drenched loch amid ferocious mountains rising into grey mist,with long-horned cattle,like elders of the church,sternly munching thistles in the foreground.2023/4/137认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目n3.Space (1).试想一座刷着白灰的小农庄，孤零零地坐
10、落在雨水浸淫的湖泊上，四周环绕着阴森森的群山。山峰直插入灰蒙蒙的雾霭之中，门前有长角牛群，象苏格兰教会长老那样神情严肃地在咀嚼蓟草。2023/4/138认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目n3.Space (2).For long vacant moments,she stared at the sky,her eyes filling with tears,her vision absorbed the illuminated water tower two miles north of the campus,
11、the flickering red lights of a radio station,the passage of clouds blown livid across.2023/4/139认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目n3.Space (2).她久久凝视着夜空，茫茫然，不禁热泪盈眶。她遥望着校园以北两英里处那灯火辉煌的水塔，广播电台那摇曳的红光和随风从月下飘过的朵朵灰云。2023/4/1310认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫
12、”项目II.Two Stages and Seven Steps in Translating a Long Sentence nStage I:ComprehensionnStep 1:present the long sentence in a skeleton form.nStep 2:infer the main idea from the context and the whole textnStep 3:distinguish between the principal and subordinate elementsnStep 4:find out the interrelati
13、ons between principal and subordinate clauses2023/4/1311认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目II.Two Stages and Seven Steps in Translating a Long Sentence nStage II:PresentationnStep 5:enter on a tentative translation of each sentence divisionnStep 6:rearrangement and synthesisn
14、Step 7:finishing touches2023/4/1312认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目III.Ways of Translating Long Sentencesn1.SynchronizingnSome English long sentences may generally be built in the same time sequence(actual time order of action or logical order)as that in Chinese,then,it is
15、 easy to follow the original order in translation.2023/4/1313认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目nAlways obey your parents-when they are present.n父母的话总是要听的-当然是他们在身边的时候。nModern scientific discoveries lead to the conclusion that energy may be created from matter that in turn may
16、 be created from energy.n现代科学的发展得出这样的结论：物质可以产生能量，能量又可以产生物质。nRecent breakthroughs in physics,made possible in part by fantastic new technologies,suggest answers to some of these long-standing questions.n最近，物理学的研究之所以取得了一些突破，部分应归功于新技术的飞速发展；而这些物理学上的突破对于回答那些长期以来悬而未决的某些问题是有所启发的。2023/4/1314认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才
17、能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目nIt is a truth universally acknowledged,that a single man in possession of a good fortune,must be in want of a wife.n凡有产业的单身汉，总要娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。n有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理n饶有家资的单身男子必定想要娶妻室，这是举世公认的真情实理。n举世公认，一个拥有一大笔钱财的单身男人，必定想娶一个女人做太太。这已成为一条真理。n世间有这样一条公认的真
18、理凡财产丰厚的单身男人势必想娶个太太。2023/4/1315认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Translation of Long SentencesnII.Reversing nEnglish long sentences,simple or complicated,may not in many cases arranged themselves in the same time or logical sequence as that in Chinese.Hence in translation we
19、have to invert,partly or completely,the order of the original.2023/4/1316认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目nIt is popular for the fine views from the summit of the mountain.n从山顶远眺，湖光山色，尽收眼底；这儿风景绝佳，遐迩闻名。2023/4/1317认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目nAr
20、istotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men,by the simple device of asking Mrs.Asristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted.n原译：亚里士多德本来能够避免这个错误的认识，即女人的牙齿比男人要少些；他只要用这个简单的方法，就是请亚里士多德夫人张开嘴巴，让他来数就行了。n改译：亚里士多德认为女人的牙齿比男人少，其实，他只要自己的夫人张一张口让他数一数，本是可以避免这个错误的。2
21、023/4/1318认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目nAnd he knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born,and the kind of people among whom he was born.n他出生在这一类人中间，他出生在这种地方，他有这样的母亲，这些要是让她知道了的话，他知道该多么丢人。2023/4/1319认识到了贫困户贫困
22、的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Translation of Long SentencesnIII.Split a long sentence into shorter parts or sentencesnSometimes in a long sentence the main clause and the subordinate clause or modifiers are not so closely related in sense that it may be split into several parts o
23、r sentences in translation to conform with the Chinese way of building sentences.2023/4/1320认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目 In the winter of 1879,James Lecky,exchequer clerk from Ireland,and privately interested in phonetics,keyboard temperament,and Gaelic,all of which su
24、bjects he imposed on me,dragged me to a meeting of a debating society called The Zetetical:a junior copy of the once well known Dialectical Society founded to discuss John Stuart Mills Essay on Liberty when that was new.2023/4/1321认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目1st：S+V（+O
25、）n找出主干，如果动词为及物动词还应找出宾语。还要分析这个作为谓语的动词是否需要双宾语或者宾语补语。这是把握句子整体结构之关键。如果主谓确认错误，就会导致整个句子译文南辕北辙，混乱不堪。2023/4/1322认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目2nd：Parenthesesn剔除所有插入语，暂时置于一旁，不予理会。因为插入语往往造成了句子结构的分割，如果不剔除的话，可能会导致主次不分，会影响对句子的理解和翻译。2023/4/1323认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作
26、高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目3rd：Verbs and phrasesn比如独立短语、副词短语、介词短语、代名词短语、动名词短语、讽刺短语、不定式短语，等等，并以其中动词和短语为中心，判断附属于它的各种成分，将它们一起作为一个意群组；注意特别关注介词以及介词短语，因为介词在英语中运用很广，在句子中充当的成分也相当复杂，在很多情况下其作用相当于一个从句，因此，将它们也组织成小的意群组。2023/4/1324认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目4th：Semantic analysisn以若干个意群组为单位，
27、对全句进行句意分析，从而译出一些独立的汉语句子。同时，把插入语也作为一个意群进行翻译。2023/4/1325认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目5th：Grammatical analysisn仔细分析分割出的小意群，通过彼此的语法以及语意判断其语法作用、及其与其他意群之间的关系；分析从句是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句以及补语从句等；如果是状语从句，应进一步分析它是表示时间、原因、结果、条件还是方式的从句；如果是定语从句，应分清它所修饰的先行词是哪一个。2023/4/1326认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能
28、开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目6th：Disposal of all unitsn在最后搞清楚各个意群之后，对所有意群进行整理、归纳，得出这个句子的意思。然后，摆脱原文束缚，按照汉语规范写出最终翻译结果。2023/4/1327认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Exercise:nOn his return from a recent tour of the Far East,in the course of which he visited China an
29、d Japan,Mr.Smith described his impressions to his friends.n史密斯先生最近的远东之行到过中国和日本，回来后，向他的朋友谈起了旅途印象。2023/4/1328认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Exercise:nThere is no more difference,but there is just the same kind of difference,between the mental operations of a man of science
30、and those of an ordinary person as there between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher who weights out his goods in common scales and the operation of a chemist who performs a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights.2023/4/1329认识到了贫困户贫困的根本原因，才能开始对症下药，然后药到病除。近年来国家对扶贫工作高度重视，已经展开了“精准扶贫”项目Exercise:n科学家的思维活动和和普通人的思维活动之间存在着差别，这种差别就跟面包师或卖肉人与化验师在操作方法上的差别一样。前者用普通秤称其商品的重量，而后者则天平和精密砝码进行做艰难复杂的分析。其差别不过如此而已。2023/4/1330