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1、一个美丽的女孩 a beautiful girlbeautiful（形容词作前置定语）一个穿白色衣服的女孩agirlinwhiteinwhite（介词短语作后置定语）一个正唱歌的女孩agirlissingingwhoissinging（定语从句）定语是句子成分之一，可以由单词、短语或从句担当，对名（代）词修饰和限制。名（代）词称为中心词。形容词作定语一般前置，短语和从句作定语要后置，翻译成“的”。另外名词、数词、非谓语动词（短语）、介词短语也可以担当定语。什么是定语？第1页/共70页LiMingisaboy.LiMinghasapairof_glasses.形容词作定语在复合句中，对一个名词或
2、代词进行修饰或限定的从句叫做定语从句。goodLimingisaboywho/thatisgood.从句做定语redLiMinghasapairofglasseswhich/thatisred.从句做定语第2页/共70页定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句（没有逗号隔开）TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句（有逗号隔开）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.Thenovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytoughing.第3页/共70页
3、先行词引导词(关系词）从句Limingisaboywho/thatisgood.（被修饰的名词或代词）（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子一、定语从句结构分析：先行词+引导词+从句第4页/共70页This is the card that Ive just received.先行词（被修饰的名词或代词）引导词（引导从句的词）从句关系代词关系副词who,that,which,whom,whoseWhere,when,why第5页/共70页二、引导定语从句的关系词指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who，whom，thatwhich，thatwhose，ofwhichwherewh
4、enwhy关系代词关系副词关系代词做句子成分关系副词不做句子成分什么是句子成分？第6页/共70页五大基本句型五大基本句型1.主语+谓语vi2.主语+谓语vt+宾语3.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾语4.主语+谓语Vt+宾语+宾补5.主语+系动词+表语成分：主语or宾语缺成分找代词不缺找副词第7页/共70页1.Harry Porter is a boy _has magic power.2.Do you know the man _ we saw at the Beijing Hotel?3.I know the girl _mother is a teacher.4.Hospital is a pl
5、ace _a doctor worksWho/thatwherewhosewhom第8页/共70页实战演练实战演练1.This is beijing_is beautiful.2.This is beijing_I vivsted.3.This is beijing_I lived.4.There is a house_roof is broken.which/thatwhich/that/不where/inwhichwhose主代词宾代词不缺副词的所属第9页/共70页1.He is the teacher _ can speak French.2.Im not interested in t
6、he book_ has just been published.3.The teacher praised the student _English is the best in our class.4.I still remember the day _ I first came to the school.5.I want to know the place _ I was born.6.I know the reason _ he was late.Who/tnatwhich/thatwhenwherewhywhose第10页/共70页1.Doyouknowthereason_shew
7、aslate.2.Thisisthetown_Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_Ivisitedlastweek.3.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.4.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hetoldme.Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.wherewhichwhenwhichwhywhichwhichwhy第11页/共70页whose 在定语从句中作定语,表示引导词与 whose 后的名词
8、为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue This is the book the cover of which is blue第12页/共70页Doyouknowthegirl?HerhairisveryshortinourclassDo you know the girl whose hair is the hair of whomvery short in our class?Heisthes
9、tudent.IbrokehispencilyesterdayHe is the student whose pencil the pencil of whomI broke yesterday.第13页/共70页MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.We shall make a decisi
10、on about Ms King,whose story I have told you.第14页/共70页.Thechairisbeingrepairednow.Thelegsofthechairarebroken.The chair,whoselegsarebrokenthelegsofwhicharebroken,ofwhichthelegsarebroken is being repaired now.Thebossofthecompanytoldthestoryabout.HisnamewasMrLittle.Thebossofthecompany,whosenamewasMrLit
11、tle,toldthestoryaboutMsKing第15页/共70页Thisteacherislikedbyallthestudents.Iworkwithherson.This teacher,with whose son I work,is liked by all the studentsThebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhisdepartment.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMrKingworkedhadheardabouttheaccident.第16页/共70页1Theriver_arecovered
12、withtreesisverylong.AwhichbanksBofwhichbanksCwhosethebanksDthebanksofwhich2shelikestousewords_iscleartohim.AofwhichthemeaningBofwhichmeaningCwhoseofmeaningDmeaningofwhich3 Themanager_company they worked agreed _theirdecision.Awhich,withBinwhich,toCwhose,withDinwhose,with4Look!Thedictionary,_isred,is
13、abirthdaygiftgivenbymyparents.AwhichcoverBthecoverofwhichCthewhosecoverDthatthecover5MrBrown,_,worksasthemanagerofthecompany.AwegothereinhiscarBwegotherebycarCinwhosecarwegothereDbywhosecarwegothereDADBC第17页/共70页6Willyoupleaseshowmethegirl_nameisLinda?AwhoBwhomCwhoseDwhich7Itwasameeting,_importanceI
14、didnotrealizeatthetime.AwhichBofwhichCitsDwhose8Doyouknowwhoislivinginthathouse_windowsfacesouth?AwhoseBwhichCwhichofDits9whataboutthewatchpriceis100yuan？AthatBitsCwhichDwhose10Wetelephonedthemanhomewelivedin1996.AwhoseBinwhoseCofwhichDhis11 Mark Twins,for _life had once been very hard,wrotemanyfamo
15、usnovels.AwhoseBwhoCwhomDhis12Thereisamountain_isalwayscoveredwithsnow.AwhosethetopBofwhichtopCitstopDofwhichthetopCDADBCD第18页/共70页As 也可以用来引导定语从句.当先行词与as,so,such,thesame连用或先行词本身是such,thesame时,关系代词用as.As在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1.Heisnotsuchamanasonlythinksofhimself.2.Ishouldliketousethe samepenas Iusedyesterda
16、y.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.第19页/共70页whenwhen指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用用 (1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.wherewhere指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语指地点，在
17、定语从句中做地点状语 (1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.第20页/共70页why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引引导的从句替换导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwh
18、y/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.第21页/共70页介词+关系代词引导的定语从句指代对象指代对象 先行词先行词 关系副词及相应结构关系副词及相应结构时间时间dayyeardatetimewhenduring which time地点地点the placethe city地点地点wherein whichfrom which原因原因the reasonwhythatfor which
19、第22页/共70页when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleagueon whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in which第23页/共70页why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefort
20、heclass.1.Thisisthetown_Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hetoldme.Thereason_heexplainedisnottrue.wherewhichwhenwhichwhywhichwhich第24页/共70页“介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意：1介词的选
21、用至少要考虑以下的两个因素A.与先行词的搭配关系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays_Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear_mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,_mostpeoplehadhadsupper.onwhichduringwhichinwhichbywhich第25页/共70页B.与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Haveyoufoundthebook_Ipaid29USdollars?
22、2)Haveyoufoundthebook_Ispent29USdollars?3)Haveyoufoundthebook_welearntalot?4)Haveyoufoundthebook_sheoftentalks?forwhichonwhichfromwhichaboutwhich第26页/共70页Theboy(whom)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.Theboyto whomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.Theboyisinthelab.YouwanttotalktohimTheboy(whom/that)youwanttotalktoisin
23、thelab.Theboyto whomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.第27页/共70页Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.Thisistheboy(whom/that)Isitbehind.Thisistheboybehind whomIsit.Doyoufindthepen?IwrotewithitjustnowDoyoufindthepen(which/that)Iwrotewithjustnow?Doyoufindthepenwith whichIwrotejustnow?第28页/共70页关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：1.介词+whomwhichT
24、hewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy2.介词短语+whichwhomThefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.3.不定代词或数词+whichwhomTherearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.4.名词+ofwhichShmentionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.Sh
25、ementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.第29页/共70页partofwhom/whichThereare23studentsinourclass,A:_(他们都）lovemothersdeeply.B:_（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:_（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:_（没有一个）arefromBeijingallofwhommostofwhomsomeofwhomnoneofwhomThereare23studentsinourclass.(,and)A:_(他们都）lovemothersde
26、eply.B:_（大多数）arefromcountryside.C:_（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:_（没有一个）arefromBeijingallofthemmostofthemsomeofthemnoneofthem第30页/共70页Everystudenthasmanybooks,A:_（大多数）aretextbooks.B:_（一些）areextracurricularbooks.C:_（其余的）arereferencebooks.D:_（没有一本）arenovels.E:_（有几本）areEnglishbooks.mostofwhichsomeofwhichther
27、estofwhichnoneofwhichseveralofwhich第31页/共70页1.Doyouknowwholivesinthe：building_thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich2.Illneverforgettheday_IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich3.Thewoman_mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoDwhom4.Jeann
28、ewasheroldfriend,_sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.CABBC做做试试第32页/共70页6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom7.Hebuiltatelescope_hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.th
29、roughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason_hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhich9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.TheSecondWorldWar_millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhichDCDBA第33页/共70页11.Chinahasmanyrivers,_
30、theChangjiangRiveristhelongest.A.whichB.inwhichC.amongwhichD.oneofwhich12.Thisistheveryknife_Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich13.Thespeed_whichyoudriveyourcarmustnttoohigh.14.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour_whichisbrightandnice.15.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,_whichth
31、erearemanypictures.16.Whatwerethethings_whichhewasnottoosureCDatofinof第34页/共70页17.Theyheldameeting,_whichthehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.18.Thebook,_whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.19.Isthistheman_whosehousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?20.Thevillagersdugalongtunnel_whichtheycouldgotothefieldswitho
32、utbeingfoundbytheJapanesesoldiers.21.WuDong,_whomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.22.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,_whichthisisoneexample,arewellwritten.atforinthroughwithof第35页/共70页1.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_hadnotbeencleanedforatleastoneyear.2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasinglepers
33、on_shecouldturnforhelp.3.Chinahasalotofislands,thelargest_isTaiwan.4.Theoldladyhadonesonandtwodaughters,_treatedherwell,_madeherverysad.5.Therearefortystudentsinourclass,_20aregirls;therestareboys.whichTowhomofwhichnoneofwhichwhichofwhom第36页/共70页Exercise1:用关系代词填空Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmat
34、e.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that第37页/共70页5.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.8.Iveneverhear
35、dofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.第38页/共70页Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings_theycouldntremember.Sayall_youknow.Isthereanything_Icandoforyou?thatthatthat当先行词是something,anything,nothing,all等词时，关系代词只能用that.第39页/共70页4.
36、Thisisthefirstplay_IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_Ihaveread.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine_weusedlastSunday.当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat第40页/共70页Jacksawabicycleadvertisementinanewspaper.Thepricewas
37、68dollars.Sohewenttotheshopandaskedtoseethebicycle.Thesalesmanwashappytoshowhim.Jackcheckedthebicyclecarefully.Soon,hesaid,“Thereisntalamponthisbicycle,buttherewasoneonthebicycleinthead.”“Yes,sir,”answeredtheman,“butthelampisntincludedinthepriceofthebicycle.“Notincludedinthepriceofthebicycle?”Jacksa
38、idangrily,“butthelampwasinthead.Itshouldbeintheprice.”“Well,sir,”answertheshopownercoldly,“therewasalsoagirlonthebicycleinthead,butwecantgiveyouagirlwiththebicycle,either.”Itisanad_Jackisaperson_Thebicycleintheadistheone_第41页/共70页Matchthetwosentences1.Imreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._2.Heisat
39、eacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._3.Idontliketheman.Heissmoking._4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._Imreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idontlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?第42页/共70页Thehousethattheybuiltitin1987stayedupin
40、theearthquake.Iwillneverforgetthepoorboywhohavenoarms.Wehavedoneeverythingwhichcanbedone.HeistheonlymanwhoIknowinthecity.Ihavebeentotheparkwhichtherearealotofflowers.TheparkwheretheoldpeopleusuallygotoiscalledZhongshanpark.Jimaskedthatwhowon.Look!ThetreewhereJackisclimbingisquitetall.改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现
41、以下的错句）第43页/共70页限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。第44页/共70页1.Hismother,whomheloveddearly,wentabroad.2.Thismachine,whichhehaslookedafterformanyyears,issti
42、llworkingperfectly.,whoseparentshaddied,hadtomakealivingbyherself.4.Thefamily,wholivedupstairs,arefondofmusic.说明：非限制性定语不能用that引导；作宾语用的关系代词不能省；要用逗号隔开。第45页/共70页用法与区别用法与区别限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句“限限”是先行词不可缺少是先行词不可缺少的定语的定语.如果省去，主如果省去，主句意思不完整或不明确；句意思不完整或不明确；“非限非限”只是附加说明。只是附加说明。All the people were t
43、alking about the wonderful clothThe emperor had ordered to be wovenThey set up a state of their own,where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.“限限”于主句之间不能用于主句之间不能用逗号隔开；逗号隔开；“非限非限”与主与主句之间要用逗号隔开。句之间要用逗号隔开。She is the nurse who looks after the children.The letter is from my sister,who is working
44、 in Beijing.“限限”可以用可以用that引导；引导；“非限非限”不能用不能用that引导引导That is the very tool that we are looking forI saw a good film,which was about the Long March“限限”的关联词作宾语时的关联词作宾语时可省；非限则不可可省；非限则不可I will never forget the day（that）we spent together thereHis dog,which he liked very much,died yesterday.“限限”一般只修饰先行词；一般
45、只修饰先行词；非限既可修饰先行词，非限既可修饰先行词，也可是前面的整个句子也可是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分或句子的一部分I have finished the novel that you lent me yesterdayHe suddenly fell ill,which prevented him from going to school.第46页/共70页*As和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”or“andtha
46、t”.译为“这一点”。而as则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如.那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected.Etc.eg.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryintheworld.Hedidntcometoattendthemeeting,asisexpected.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.Mysonnowg
47、oestotheschool,whichIusedgotowhenIwasachild.第47页/共70页1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Ipassedhimalargeglassofwhisky,_he4.Sheisverygoodatdance,_everybodyknows.5.Itwasraining,_wasapity.6._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetof7.We
48、dothesamework_theydo.8.Theearthisround,_weallknow.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.asDACDDDDBD第48页/共70页定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：从句是主动形式，用现在分词;从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰 词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰 词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；(1)TherearelotsofgoodEnglishprogrammeswhicharebroadcastonTVortheradioinChina.Therearelotsofgo
49、odEnglishprogrammes_onTVortheradioinChina.(2)AtonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeoplewhowerewaitingoutsidetheCAACoffices.-Atonetimetherewerelongqueuesofpeople_outsidetheCAACoffices.broadcastwaiting第49页/共70页2.定语从句和并列句是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键1.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesofthetreeswereblackwithdisease.-Isawsom
50、etrees,theleavesof_wereblackwithdisease.2.Theprofessorisanordinary-lookinglittleman,onthenoseof_thereisapairofglasses3.TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)finallyopeneditsdoortoChinaonNovember10,_a15-yearwait.A.toendB.endedC.endingD.endswhichwhomC第50页/共70页 AwhomBthemCtheyDwho1）MrSmithhasthreesons，noneof i