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1、阅读理解题的题型阅读理解题的题型1、事实细节题、事实细节题2、主旨大意题、主旨大意题3、推理判断题、推理判断题4、猜测词义题、猜测词义题第1页/共22页各题型所占比重及命题趋势各题型所占比重及命题趋势2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 命题趋势命题趋势事实细节事实细节5 54 45 55 56 6题量平稳，需跨段题量平稳，需跨段搜取信息搜取信息主旨大意主旨大意5 59 93 33 32 2题量减少，解题时题量减少，解题时要进行综合要进行综合 归纳归纳 推推断断推理判断推理判断8 82 2101010109 9题量增多，难度加题量增多，难度加大大猜测词义猜测词义2 25 52 22
2、 23 3题量持平，趋于稳题量持平，趋于稳定定年年题量题量题型题型第2页/共22页第3页/共22页1.1.如何确定文章大意如何确定文章大意 问题形式：问题形式：1)The main idea/key point/purpose/subject matter of this passage is that _.2)From the passage we learn/can conclude that _.3)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with _.Tips:Not too general,not too specific!Skills:Fin
3、d out topic/key sentences第4页/共22页Where is the topic sentence of a paragraphSometimes the first sentence of a passage is the topic(key)sentenceSometimes the last sentence is the topic(key)sentenceSometimes the topic(key)sentence is in the middle of a passageSometimes you have to put several key sente
4、nces together to get the main ideaSometimes you cant find the topic(key)sentence in the passage.You have to sum it up yourself.第5页/共22页 A process is a natural series of actions and reactions that leads to specific results.All of us participate in a variety of processes every day.We digest our food,h
5、eal ourselves by making new skin cells,distribute resources through our bodies by breathing,and use our five senses.Natural processes go on all around us as well.Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis,storms build and move,volcanoes erupt,and fertilized eggs mature-the list seems endle
6、ss.Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?a.We all take part in many processes every day.b.Natural processes that go on around us include photosynthesis.c.A series of actions and reactions that leads to certain results is called a process.d.Natural processes take place within our
7、bodies.第6页/共22页1 1 主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证细节。在主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证细节。在说明文，说明文，科技文献和新闻报道科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。中多采用这种格式。主题句主题句论证论证 1 1论证论证 2 2论证论证 3 3第7页/共22页In the United States,old people who no longer have an income or who suffer from a loss of physical abilities are often forced to give up living a
8、lone.They must leave their homes and depend on someone else to give them a place to live and to take care of their physical needs:they must either live with relatives or live in homes for the aged.This loss of independence is a major problem for the aged.Which of the following best expresses the mai
9、n idea?A.Old people in the United States who are poor or sick cannot live alone.B.Being unable to live alone is a serious problem for old people in the United States.C.Old people who are poor or sick should live with their relatives,not in homes for the aged.D.In the United States,old people who are
10、 poor are sick are forced to live in homes for the aged.第8页/共22页2 2 主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据依据,层层推理论证层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论最后自然得出结论,即即段落的主题。段落的主题。列举事实列举事实 层层推理层层推理 结论结论 第9页/共22页“HowwillitplayinPeoria?”ThisquestionwasaskedintheUnitedStatesinthe1920swhensingers,dances,andotherentertainersperfor
11、medintravelingmusicalshow.PerformersthoughtthatifthecitizensofatypicalU.S.townsuchasPeoria,Illinois,likedtheirshowitwouldprobablybepopularacrossthecountry.IfPeoriansdislikedit,theentertainersbelievedtheshowwouldfail.This“Peoriatest”isstillappliedtothepeopleofthestateofIllinois.Illinoisanslikesanddis
12、likesseemtomirrorthoseofpeopleacrosstheland.PerhapsthisistruebecauseofIllinoiscentrallocation;itisacrossroadsbetweeneastandwest,northandsouth.OrperhapsitisbecauseIllinoisanscomefromsuchdifferentbackgroundsandfollowsuchawidevarietyoflifestyles.Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph
13、?a.IllinoisislocatedinthecentralpartoftheUnitedStates.b.Illinoisanscomefromdifferentbackgrounds.c.The“Peoriatest”isthenameofafamousshow.d.IllinoisansopinionsseemtomirrorthebeliefsofpeoplethroughouttheUnitedStates.第10页/共22页3 3 当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安排在段中间时,作者往往从作者往往从具体的事例谈起具体的事例谈起,随之归纳出主题随之归纳出主题,然后再然后再围绕这
14、一主题展开讨论围绕这一主题展开讨论,使立论更加清楚使立论更加清楚,具有很强的说服力具有很强的说服力。具体事例归纳主题深入讨论第11页/共22页 All communication is a two-way process involving a speaker or writer and listeners or readers(the audience).In written communication,because the audience is not present,the audience is easy to ignore.However,the kind of audience
15、 you write for determines what you write and how you write.In describing the World Series baseball championship to a British reader,you would have to include definitions,explanations,and facts that a reader in the United States would not need.Similarly,if you write about cricket(a British sport)for
16、an audience in the United States,you would need to include a lot of basic information.Which sentence best states the main idea of the paragraph?a.Communication is a process that involves speakers and writers.b.British readers would need special information to understand an article on the World Serie
17、s.c.Listeners and readers are called the audience.d.It is important to consider your audience when you write.第12页/共22页 主旨题的解题技巧主旨题的解题技巧*着重理解首末段,首末句*主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾),遇到文章前后段意思转折,提高警惕 主旨题的注意事项主旨题的注意事项:*段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句*作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨*首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨*提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示:therefore,thus,but,how
18、ever,inshort等等 正确选项特点正确选项特点:不出现细节信息;不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词干扰项特点干扰项特点:细节信息明显;过于笼统第13页/共22页 The common cold is the worlds most widespread illness,Which is a plague(疫病)that flesh receives.The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold.They are not.They are caused by viruses(病毒)passing on fr
19、om person to person.You catch a cold by coming into contact with someone who already has one.If cold causes colds,it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever.But they do not.The passage mainly discusses_ A.the experiments on the common cold B.the mistaken idea about comm
20、on cold C.the reason and way people catch cold D.the continued spread of common cold第14页/共22页 Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases,while others have a susceptibility to them.A blight（萎菌病）may be but a local infection easily controlled;on the other hand it can attack particular
21、plants in a whole region or nation.An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America.Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century.As a result of that,it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments.whatisthemai
22、nideaofthisparagraph?A.SomeplantshaverelativeimmunitytoagreatmanydiseasesB.someotherplantshaveasusceptibilitytoagreatmanydiseasesC.thetoleranceofaparticularplantchangesasthegrowingconditionschangeD.ablightcanbeanationalinfection.第15页/共22页2 2 如何寻找最佳标题如何寻找最佳标题常见设问方式：Whats the best title/headline for t
23、he passage?第16页/共22页Title标题是段落中心思想的精练表达形式主题句的功能：介绍主题(topic)和阐述控制概念(controllingidea)有明确主题句的段落标题拟定的方式是：核心词不动，其他词意义浓缩例：Smokingcigarettescanbeanexpensivehabit.主题：smokingcigarettes控制概念：canbeanexpensivehabit标题：TheExpensiveHabitofSmokingCigarettes标题的特点：强调主题，清楚简明，有意义，能吸引读者注意力，有新鲜感第17页/共22页 The Man of Many S
24、ecrets-Harry Houdini-was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theatres in the last century.He was a man famous for his escapes-from prison cells,from wooden boxes floating in rivers,from locked tanks full of water.He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America.Crowds came to see the
25、 great Houdini and his“magic”tricks.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.AskeletonKeyB.AManofManySecretsC.World-wideFameD.GreatEscapes第18页/共22页There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices.It is called the law of supply and demand.Supply means the amount of,or a
26、ccess to,certain goods.Demand represents the number of people who want those goods.If there are more goods than wanted,the price of them falls.On the other hand,if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply,then price rises.Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.The best title is_ A)Economic Principles B)Law of Supply and Demand C)More Goods,Lower Prices D)Fewer Goods,Higher Prices第19页/共22页第20页/共22页第21页/共22页感谢您的观看！第22页/共22页