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1、三、评分标准采用整体评分的方法（global scoring）：ideas;organization;language.阅卷标准分5等：2、5、8、11和14分。5分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的语言错误。8分：基本切题。思想表达比较清楚，文章尚连贯。但语言错误较多，其中一些是严重错误。11分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯。有少量的语言错误。14分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本上无语言错误。仅有个别小错误。词数不符合要求扣分。第1页/共26页题目：BicyclesAnImportantMeansofTransportinChina.提纲：（1）为什么自行车在中国
2、这样普及（2）和汽车的比较（3）自行车在中国的前途Score:14BicyclesareverypopularinChina.Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles.Duringtherushhour,youcanseethatthousandsofpeople-manandwoman,oldandyoung-ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy.Thatiswhy(+句子）Chinaiscalledthekingdomofbicycles.Comparedwithcars,bicyclesaresuperior
3、inmanyways.First,theyarecheap,convenientandeasytoride.Second,ridingbicycleisgoodforhealth.Third,theybringnonoisenorairpollution.Thoughcarsarefasterandmorecomfortable,theyaretooexpensive.Theyconsumeplentyofoilandtheypollutetheair.Sometimes,itisdifficultforadrivertoparkhiscar.Moreovertheyoftencausetra
4、fficjamsandaccidents.In my opinion,the future of bicycle is very promising.Since China is adevelopingcountryandhasalargepopulation,Ithink,ridingbicycleisappropriatetoChinesepresentconditions.Itwillbeanimportantmeansoftransportationforquitealongtime.第2页/共26页Score:11TheremillionsofbicyclesintodaysChin
5、a.Bicyclesareveryimportantmeansoftransportinpeoplesdailylives.Becausetorideabicycleisverysimple,tobuyabicyclewillnotcostsomuchmoney,toparkabicycleneedsjustasmallroomandtorideabicycledoesnotneedoilbuttheridersstrength,biyclesarepopularallovertheworld,especiallyinChina.Comparedwithacar,abicycleismuchc
6、heaper.ItismoresuitableforChinaasadevelopingcountry.Andabicyclehasalmostcausednopollutionbutacarhas.Onthecountary,abicycleistooslow,itcostsmoretimesthanacar.IthinkthepopulationofChinasbicyclewillbekeptforthelongrun.Becuseitwillbereplacedbyacar,abusandsooninsomedeveloped areas in China,and it will be
7、 made a wide use in thedevelopingareasinChina,thenumberofbicyclesinChinawillbethesameastodaybutIbelievethatitsqualitywillbeimproved.第3页/共26页Score:8BicycleisanimportantmeansoftransportinChina.TheimportantreasonofitistheeconomyofChinese.TheuseofbicycleinChinaiswidelybecausepeopleinChinahavenothighwage
8、.Theycanonlyaffordabicycle,andtheyhavenomoneytobuyacarwhichistooexpensive.SoChineseusuallybuyabicycle,anduseittogotowork,orgototravelandsoon.TheotherreasonisthelargepopulationofChina.Allthesemadethebicyclebecometheimportantmeansoftransport.Thebicycle,comparedtothecar,isnottooexpensiveanditiseasytole
9、arnandtouseanditcansavethesurfaceofputtingit.Itdoesntasktobuildthegaragelikecar.ThispointisveryimportanttoChina,becauseofthelackofland.Itisnttooexpensive,soChinesecanaffordit.Itdoesntneedanyoil,anditcantcausethepolusion.Allofthesearethegoodneedscomparedtothecar.Inthefuture,bicyclewillbewidelyused.An
10、ditwillbeingooddemand.Peoplewillproducemuchmoremodernbicycles.第4页/共26页Score:5PerhapstheamountofbicycleinChinaisthelargestintheworld.WhywasitsowidelyusedinChina?Ithoughttheanswerwas:thepopulationinChinaistoolargeandthepriceofbicycleismuchcheaper.Thethirdansweristhatthebicycleiseasierinusingthanothert
11、ransportations.Comparingwiththecar,thebicycleischeaperanditiseasierinusingthanthecar,butitsspeedislowerthanthatofthecar.ThebicyclewillberemainedforalongtimeinChinabutintheenditwillbedisappearedwiththeimprovalofpeopleslivinglevel.第5页/共26页Score:2Aseverybodyknow,Chinaabigdevelopingcountry.So,thelivings
12、tandard of people not very high at present peoples income is notenoughfor theytobuycarsmotorcycles.And bikeiseasytoride.Bicycleis cheaper be made.And I think bicycle the useful tool oftransport in China now.So,it is quite porpular and wildly used inChinas cities and country sides than the personal t
13、ransportation tool.Bikeisakindofcleantoolsoftransport.Itnotusegasandotherenergers.Forthisreasonisnotcreatpolution.ButinfactinanywayBicycleisnotadvancedthancar.Ifitisraining,theriderwillsufferfromwet,ontheotherhand,bikecannotcarrymuchgoods.Accordingtotheourcountrysdevelopingrate,IfirmlybelievethatBic
14、yclewillreplacedbycarormotorcycleinthatnearlyfuture.ButundoubtfullyitcontinuetheimportantmeansoftransportinChinaforalongtime.第6页/共26页具体要求：1）语言第一位：表达通顺、无重大语言错误（1）基础一般：简单原则、安全第一（2）基础较好：句子结构词多变2）结构第二位：（1）逻辑性：A.并列：and/or/butB.因果：because/inthat,since/as,forC.转折：but/however（2）关联词：3）内容第三位：第7页/共26页时间要求：30分钟
15、1）审题（3分钟）：2）写作（25分钟）：3）检查（2分钟）：语法（时态、冠词、主谓一致）、拼写、标点字数要求：120150词写作主题：命题方式：段首句、提纲、命题、关键词、情景、图表作文第8页/共26页四六级作文基本句式 以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的12个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。1表示原因1）Therearethreereasonsforthis2）Thereasonsforthisareasfollows3）Thereasonforthisisobvious4）Thereasonforthisisnotf
16、artoseek5）Thereasonforthisisthat6）Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat第9页/共26页练习：我们的生活发生了很大的变化,原因有-个。1）人们的生活水平有了很大的改善；2）许多人收入不错，买得起需要或喜欢的东西；3）越来越多的人愿意享受现代生活；Reference:TherearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlifeFirstly，peopleslivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimprovedSecondly，mostpeoplearewellpai
17、d，andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlikeLastbutnotleast，moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinourlifeTherearethreereasonsforthis这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。第10页/共26页2表示好处1）Ithasthefollowingadvantages2）Itdoesusalotofgood3）Itbenefitsusquitealot4）Itisbeneficia
18、ltous5）Itisofgreatbenefittous练习：书就象朋友。书可以帮助我们更好地了解这个世界，可以开启智慧、拓宽视野。因此博览群书对我们非常有益。Reference:BooksarelikefriendsTheycanhelpusknowtheworldbetter，andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizonsTherefore，readingextensivelyisofgreatbenefittous第11页/共26页3表示坏处1）Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages2）Itdoesusmuchhar
19、m3）Itisharmfultous练习：然而，任何事物都有两面。电视对我们也有坏处：如果看电视时间太长，它会有损我们的健康，使我们变懒。Reference:However，everythingdividesintotwoTelevisioncanalsobeharmfultousItcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingTV。第12页/共26页4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）Itisimportant（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）forsbtodost
20、h2）Wethinkitnecessarytodosth3）Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife例如：Computersarenowbeingusedeverywhere，whetherinthegovernment，inschoolsorinbusinessSoon，computerswillbefoundineveryhome，tooWehavegoodreasontosaythatcomputersareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlifeandwehavesteppedintotheComputerAge第13
21、页/共26页5表示措施1）Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures2）Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome（conquer）thedifficulties3）Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth4）Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted（faced）with练习：我们面临的住房问题越来越严重，因此得采取有效措施来解决这个问题。Reference:Thehousingproblemthatweareconfrontedwithisbecomingmoreandmoreserious
22、Therefore，wemusttakesomeeffectivemeasurestosolveit第14页/共26页6表示变化1）Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears2）Agreatchangewillcertainlybeproducedintheworldscommunications3）Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation例如：SomechangeshavetakenplaceinpeoplesdietinthepastfiveyearsThemajorreasonsforth
23、esechangesarenotfartoseekNowadays，moreandmorepeopleareswitchingfromgraintomeatforprotein，andfromfruitandvegetabletomilkforvitamins第15页/共26页7表示事实、现状1）Wecannotignorethefactthat2）Noonecandenythefactthat3）Thereisnodenyingthefactthat4）Thisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedin5）However，thatsnotthecas
24、e练习：我们不能忽略这样一个事实：工业化也随之带来了污染问题。要解决这些问题，我们可以从教育公众污染的危害着手。政府方面也应制定更严格的法律来促进一个更清洁的环境的出现。Reference:WecannotignorethefactthatindustrializationbringswithittheproblemsofpollutionTosolvetheseproblems，wecanstartbyeducatingthepublicaboutthehazardsofpollutionThegovernmentonitspartshouldalsodesignstricterlawsto
25、promoteacleanerenvironment第16页/共26页8表示比较1）ComparedwithA，B2）IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV3）Thereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthem练习：试将自行车与汽车比较以下，看看自行车（汽车）有哪些优势。Comparedwithcars，bicycleshaveseveraladvantagesbesidesbeingaffordableFirstly，theydonotconsumenaturalresourcesofpetroleumSecondly，theydonotcauset
26、hepollutionproblemLastbutnotleast，theycontributetopeopleshealthbygivingthemduephysicalexercise第17页/共26页9表示数量1）Ithasincreased（decreased）fromto2）Thepopulationinthiscityhasnowincreased（decreased）to800，0003）TheoutputofJulyinthisfactoryincreasedby15comparedwiththatofJanuary练习：随着生活水平的提高，人们收入中用于饮食的比重减少了，用于
27、教育的比重增加了。Reference:Withtheimprovementofthelivingstandard，theproportionofpeoplesincomespentonfoodhasdecreasedwhilethatspentoneducationhasincreased第18页/共26页再如：Fromthegraphlistedabove，itcanbeseenthatstudentuseofcomputershasincreasedfromanaverageoflessthantwohoursperweekin1990to20hoursin2000注：“Fromthegr
28、aphlistedabove，itcanbeseenthat”句式是写图表作文的很好的句型。第19页/共26页10表示看法1）Peoplehave（take，adopt，assume）differentattitudestowardssth2）Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem3）Peopletakedifferentviewsof（on）thequestion4）SomepeoplebelievethatOthersarguethat练习：不同的人对失败持不同的态度：一些人认为失败会带来成功，在重新努力之下，他们经历的每一次失败都会变成更大的成功
29、的机会；然而，另一些人则轻易被失败所击跨而将自己归于失败者之列。Reference:PeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsfailureSomebelievethatfailureleadstosuccessEveryfailuretheyexperiencetranslatesintoagreaterchanceofsuccessattheirrenewedendeavorHowever，othersareeasilydiscouragedbyfailuresandputthemselvesintothecategoryoflosers再如：Do“lucky
30、numbersreallybringgoodluck？Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonit注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。第20页/共26页11表示结论1）Inshort，itcanbesaidthat2）Itmaybebrieflysummedupasfollows3）Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove，wecancometotheconclusionthat练习：由以上论述可得出结论：考试是有必要的，但方式有待改善。Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove，wecancometothe
31、conclusionthatexaminationisnecessary，however，itsmethodshouldbeimproved注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。第21页/共26页12套语1）Itswellknowntousthat2）Asisknowntous，3）Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedabout4）Fromthegraph（table，chart）listedabove，itcanbeseenthat5）Asaproverbsays，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway例
32、如：Asiswellknowntous，itisimportantforthestudentstoknowtheworldoutsidecampusThereasonforthisisobviousNowadays，thesocietyischanginganddevelopingrapidly，andthecampusisnolongeran“ivorytowerAscollegestudents，wemustgetintouchwiththeworldoutsidethecampusOnlyinthiswaycanweadaptourselvestothesocietyquicklyaft
33、erwegraduate再如：Doesitpaytobehonest？Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedaboutanddifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsonit第22页/共26页四级作文常用句型总结一）比较1.Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages.2.TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.3.AmaybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagesthat.4.Itisreasonab
34、letomaintainthat.butitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthat.5.Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.6.Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.7.AandBhasseveralpointsincommon.8.AbearssomeresemblancestoB.9.However,thesameisnotapplicabletoB.10.AandBdifferinseveralways.11.Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandposit
35、iveeffects.12.Peopleusedtothink.,butthingsaredifferentnow.13.ThesameistrueofB.14.WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.15.ItistruethatA.,butthechieffaults(obviousdefects)are.第23页/共26页二)原因1.Anumberoffactorsareaccountableforthissituation.Anumberoffactorsmightcontributeto(leadto)(accountfor)thephenomenon(pr
36、oblem).2.Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.3.Thephenomenonmainlystemsfromthefactthat.4.Thefactorsthatcontributetothissituationinclude.5.Thechangein.largelyresultsfromthefactthat.6.Wemayblame.,buttherealcausesare.7.Partoftheexplanationsforitisthat.Oneofthemostcommonfactors(causes)isthat.Anothercontributingfactor(cause)is.PerhapstheprimaryfactoristhatButthefundamentalcauseisthat.第24页/共26页三)后果1.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.2.Theimmediateresultitproducesis.3.Itwillexerciseaprofoundinfluenceupon.4.Itsconsequencecanbesogreatthat.第25页/共26页感谢您的观看！第26页/共26页