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1、流程：依据 Background Guide，会前调研写position paper（会前递交给主席团）上会:1.做Speech表达国家观点，了解其他国家的观点 2.caucus与其他国家进一步磋商 3.形成working paper代表们在进行游说和结盟之后，在各自立场文件的基础上，综合他国立场和要求，草拟出的针对某一问题的看法和观点，以及解决方法 4.递交draft resolution/report对工作文件进行格式和内容上的加工和完善，成为draft resolution/report，递交给主席团，主席团通过并编号 (5.提出amendment对draft resolution/re
2、port进行补充、修订)6.投票通过resolution/reportdraft resolution/report的最终形式第1页/共49页Working paperDraft ResolutionResolutionAmendmentPosition paper第2页/共49页MUN中的文件:背景材料Background Guide立场文件Position Paper工作文件Working Paper 决议草案Draft Resolution修正案Amendment决议Resolution第3页/共49页一、立场文件Position Paper第4页/共49页1、何为立场文件?立场文件是表
3、达某个国家或组织在某个特定议题上的立场概要的文件.作用：对本国：了解别国立场；正式发言的主要参照材料;对别国：使他们了解你代表的国家立场;对各国：确定国家间是否具有共同的目标和利益等等，是否有可能进行协商和合作 。第5页/共49页拟写立场文件拟写立场文件Position Paper第6页/共49页 培训内容：格式要求格式要求内容要求内容要求评审标准评审标准写作要点写作要点注意事项注意事项实实例例分分析析第7页/共49页 A brief introduction to your country and its history concerning the topic and committee;
4、与议题有关的国家概况、历史(一两句话)（引子）How the issue affects your country;相关事件对本国的影响 Your countrys policies and actions with respect to the issue and your countrys justification for them;本国的政策和提出这些政策的理由，这些政策落实情况和效果 列出具体的政策、超越GUIDE，对问题有深入思考、分析、总结 Quotes from your countrys leaders about the issue;引用领导人的观点（一两句话）Statis
5、tics to back up your countrys position on the issue;统计事实用以支持观点 内容要求 1 1第8页/共49页 Conventions and resolutions that your country has signed or ratified;本国已经签署的协议和决议 UN actions that your country supported or opposed;本国支持的联合国行动 What your country would like to accomplish in the committees resolution;为了履行决
6、议中的职责，本国将要采取的措施 What your country believes should be done to address the issue;本国认为国际社会（包括联合国和其他国家）需采取的措施 内容要求 2 2第9页/共49页写作要点Keep it simple:Communicate strongly and effectively简洁明了（调研提炼）Make it official:The more formal it is,the more convincing it looks.官方正式（相关引用）Get organized:Overall structure is
7、logical and clear.结构清晰Speech!Speech!A good position paper makes a great introductory speech.During debate,a good position paper will also help you to stick to your countrys policies.利于演讲Read and reread:Leave time to edit your position paper.Ask yourself if the organization of the paper makes sense a
8、nd double-check your spelling and grammar.反复检查第10页/共49页Sample Position Paper 实例分析Format Format 格式格式Content Content 内容内容Clauses Clauses 句型句型Grammar Grammar 语法语法A sample position paper from University of Idaho声明：该例文节选自Idaho大学立场文件在原文中包括三个议题分别的立场文件，这里只节选了一个议题。在原文中包括三个议题分别的立场文件，这里只节选了一个议题。第11页/共49页第一部分：第
9、一部分：标题标题 立场文件的标题必须按要求列出：立场文件的标题必须按要求列出：Country Country 国家名称（全称）国家名称（全称）School School 学校名称学校名称 Committee Committee 委员会名称委员会名称 Font Font 字体为字体为 New Times RomaNew Times Roma Size 10 or 12 Size 10 or 12 Style Style 注意斜体和加粗注意斜体和加粗第12页/共49页Delegation from Represented byThe Republic of Guatemala University
10、 of-Position Paper for the Economic and Social Council Plenary代表国家 代表学校委员会名称注意斜体和加粗第13页/共49页第二部分：第二部分：概括性立场概括性立场 立场文件的首段必须按要求列出：立场文件的首段必须按要求列出：Issue Issue 议题（全称）议题（全称）Basis Basis 原则性立场原则性立场 Organization Organization 相关组织相关组织 Font Font 字体为字体为 Times New RomanTimes New Roman Size 10 or 12 Size 10 or 12
11、 Style Style 注意斜体和加粗注意斜体和加粗 Letter Letter 注意大小写注意大小写 Grammar Grammar 注意单复数注意单复数第14页/共49页The issue before the Economic and Social Council Plenary is International Tobacco and Narcotics Control.The Republic of Guatemala is involved in such institutions as the World Health Organization,the Rio Group,an
12、d the Organization of American States.Guatemala supports the implementation of national development plans with the involvement and support of the international community while affirming our commitment to addressing the following issue:议题 本国参加的组织 原则性立场注意大小写第15页/共49页第三部分：第三部分：关于议题的基本立场关于议题的基本立场具体的立场必须
13、按要求列出：具体的立场必须按要求列出：Issue Issue 议题（全称）议题（全称）Document Document 纲领性文件纲领性文件 Analysis Analysis 初步分析初步分析 Font Font 字体为字体为 Times Times New Roman Roman Size 10 Size 10 Style Style 注意斜体注意斜体 Letter Letter 注意大小写注意大小写 Grammar Grammar 注意单复数注意单复数Sample第16页/共49页议题 对议题的初步分析指出问题的现状分析问题的影响纲领性文件注意斜体 International Toba
14、cco and Narcotics ControlThe Republic of Guatemala is party to the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs,the 1972 Protocol amending the Single Convention,the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances and the 1988 UN Drug Convention and recognizes international tobacco and narco
15、tics control warrants improvement and continued vigilance.Maintaining strict border regulation is paramount to a continued decrease in the amount of illicitly transported substances.Drugs erode the social fabric of a country by destroying an individuals ability to reason,act logically,and exist inde
16、pendently of addiction.Drug smuggling profits are used to finance terror operations including governmental corruption,murder,and intimidation which all pose a tangible threat to national security.第17页/共49页第四部分：第四部分：对现有措施的立场对现有措施的立场 立场必须按要求列出：立场必须按要求列出：Action Action 当前的行动当前的行动 Issue Issue 重要事件重要事件 可以
17、包括国内措施和国际的行动。可以包括国内措施和国际的行动。本文侧重国内措施，建议代表两方本文侧重国内措施，建议代表两方 面都写到。面都写到。Font Font 字体为字体为 Times New RomanTimes New Roman Size 10 or 12 Size 10 or 12 Style Style 注意斜体注意斜体 Time Time 具体事件列出时间具体事件列出时间第18页/共49页国家的现有政策 国家现有的行动 具体事件行动的效果Guatemala recognizes the necessity for continual support in eradicating dr
18、ug-trafficking and reaffirms our dedication to providing the social stability that comes with good narcotics control policies.Guatemala is highly active in improving our national policies and effectiveness at combating illegal narcotics.The Guatemalan police are developing air assets which are neces
19、sary in reconnaissance and eradication of illegal drugs.In 2001,our government performed the largest counter narcotics operation in our national history.Three-hundred personnel were utilized in disrupting many of the largest narco-trafficking operations in the country.1第19页/共49页第五部分：第五部分：提出建议提出建议 建议
20、性措施必须按要求列出：建议性措施必须按要求列出：Suggestion Suggestion 提出可行的建议提出可行的建议 Confidence Confidence 表达坚定的支持表达坚定的支持 Action Action 呼吁采取行动呼吁采取行动 Font Font 字体为字体为 Times New RomanTimes New Roman Size 10 or 12 Size 10 or 12 Style Style 注意斜体注意斜体第20页/共49页2、立场文件的内容第一段背景介绍：基本历史、现状和趋势，篇幅不多，简单概括，重要性;正文国际情况：行动和决议，重要发言（generalgen
21、eral）本国情况：立场，政策，措施，理由，事例,数据(specific)(specific)结尾本国的呼吁，要求第21页/共49页Notices Notices 特别提醒：官方正式，精炼简明结构明晰，条理分明必要时候提供数据，举出实例，而不是空讲政策和态度一定不能只局限于GUIDEGUIDE的内容，必须有更深入的分析；一定不能抄袭GUIDEGUIDE或已有的文件，否则取消评奖资格；第22页/共49页Working paperDraft ResolutionResolutionAmendmentPosition paper第23页/共49页 Draft resolution Draft rep
22、ort包含一定数目的signatures(usually20%ofthemembership)Sponsor:createdthecontent,bemostresponsible(Onlycountries).Signatory:Interestedinbringingtheworkingpaperforwardforconsideration(countries,observers)Oftensupportthecontent,butmayultimatelydisagreewithit.Working paper第24页/共49页Resolution第25页/共49页 sample re
23、solutionode:OPCW/1/2(willbeprovidedbyDirectororConferenceService)Committee:TheOrganizationfortheProhibitionofChemicalWeaponsTopic:TheImplementationofChemicalDisarmamentProgramsSponsors:Panama,Pakistan,China,SouthKorea,AustriaSignatories:Italy,Mexico,Algeria,Japan,SaudiArabia,Spain,France,Bangladesh,
24、RussianFederationRecallingArticleVIIparagraph3oftheChemicalWeaponsConvention(CWC)whichstatesthateachStatePartyshallassignthehighestprioritytomaintainingthesafetyofpeopleandtheenvironmentwhileimplementingtheConvention,Further recallingthefinancialaccountabilityoftheStatesPartieswhoabandonedchemicalwe
25、aponsontheterritoriesofotherStatesPartiesforthedestructionofthoseabandonedweaponsasstatedinArticle1,paragraph3oftheCWC,Noting with satisfactionpreviousdecisionsmadeconcerningtheabandonmentofchemicalweapons,specificallydecisionsC-I/DEC.31andC-III/DEC.12,RecognizingthattheTechnicalSecretariat,asperC-I
26、V/DEC.5,shallifnecessaryidentifytheoriginofabandonedchemicalweaponsandestablishevidenceconcerningtheabandonmentandtheidentityoftheabandoningstates,THEEXECUTIVECOUNCILOFTHEOPCW:Strongly urgesallStatesPartiestoimplementArticleI,paragraph3oftheCWCandfortherespectiveStatesPartiestomeettheirfinancialobli
27、gationsfordestroyingchemicalweaponsabandonedontheterritoriesofotherStatesParties;Further urgestheDirector-Generaltodevelopandpresentareportindicatingareasinwhichabandonedchemicalweaponsarelocatedandassessthemeansandresourcesnecessarytoremoveandeliminatetheseweapons,whilekeepingthisinformationconfide
28、ntialtotheOPCW;Recommends thatinformationbepresentedbytheDirector-GeneraltotheExecutiveCouncilregardingthenegativeeffectsofabandonedchemicalweaponsonhealth,economicissues,andtheenvironment;Further recommendsthatStatesPartieswhohaveparticipatedintheclean-upprocessofabandonedchemicalweaponspresentthei
29、rplanstothebodyonmoreeffectiveandeconomicallyviablesolutionstoexpeditetheprocessforthoseStatesPartiesnowfacingthistask;RestatesthenecessitythattherespectiveStatesPartiesoftheCWCadoptfullfinancialresponsibilityfortheremovalofchemicalweaponsthattheyhaveabandonedontheterritoriesofotherStatesParties,and
30、assumeresponsibilityforcompensationasagreed.第26页/共49页How to write a draft resolution?格式要求内容要求写作要点注意事项实例分析第27页/共49页格式要求：Format of a working paper/draft resolution/resolutionVeryimportant.onelongsentencePreambularclauses(underline,commas)Operativeclauses(numbers,underline,semicolon,period)logicalorder
31、第28页/共49页内容要求:Content：HeadingPreambular clauses Operative clauses第29页/共49页Heading(basicinformation)Code（onlyindraftresolution）CommitteeTopicSponsors（onlyinworkingpaper）Signatories（onlyinworkingpaper）第30页/共49页Preambular clausesPurpose:showtheproblem,providestheframework.IncludeReferencestotheU.N.Char
32、ter,pastU.N.resolutionsortreatiesRecognitionofeffortsThesignificanceandeffectsofthetopic第31页/共49页Preambulatory Phrases:Acknowledging.Affirming.Alarmed.Anxious.Approving.AwareBearinginmind.Beingconvinced.Believing.Cognizant.Concerned.Confident.Conscious.Considering.Contemplating.Convinced.Declaring.E
33、xpressing.appreciation.deepappreciation.Expecting.Fulfilling.第32页/共49页Operative clausesPurpose:toachievethecountrysmainpolicygoals.Eachclause,asingleideaRecommend,urge,condemn,encourage,requestcertainactions,orstateanopinioncallforactionsNon-binding第33页/共49页Common Operative Phrases:Accepts.Adopts.Af
34、firmsAppeals.Appreciates.Approves.Authorizes.Callsupon.Commends.Concurs.Condemns.Confirms.Congratulates.Considers.Reaffirms.itsbelief.Recognizes.Recommends.Regrets.ReiteratesRenewsitsappealRepeats.Suggests.Strongly.Supports.Takesnoteof.Transmits.Urges.Welcomes.第34页/共49页写作要点Wording：Clear、Concise、Spec
35、ificPreambulatory clauses are historic justifications for action.Usethemtocite past resolutions,precedents and statements about the purpose of action.Operative clauses are policies that the resolution is designed to create.Usethemtoexplain what the committee will do to address the issue.第35页/共49页理想的
36、draft resolution:格式准确、无误语言通顺流畅、正式官方、无语法错误一定要解决议题里头的所有（或大多数）的争端条款必须是现实的、有技巧性的、实质性的在不同阵营的国家中找出最佳平衡点第36页/共49页Code:OPCW/1/2(willbeprovidedbyDirectororConferenceService)Committee:TheOrganizationfortheProhibitionofChemicalWeaponsTopic:TheImplementationofChemicalDisarmamentProgramsSponsors:Panama,Pakistan,
37、China,SouthKorea,AustriaSignatories:Italy,Mexico,Algeria,Japan,SaudiArabia,Spain,France,Bangladesh,RussianFederationRecallingArticleVIIparagraph3oftheChemicalWeaponsConvention(CWC)whichstatesthateachStatePartyshallassignthehighestprioritytomaintainingthesafetyofpeopleandtheenvironmentwhileimplementi
38、ngtheConvention,Further recallingthefinancialaccountabilityoftheStatesPartieswhoabandonedchemicalweaponsontheterritoriesofotherStatesPartiesforthedestructionofthoseabandonedweaponsasstatedinArticle1,paragraph3oftheCWC,Noting with satisfactionpreviousdecisionsmadeconcerningtheabandonmentofchemicalwea
39、pons,specificallydecisionsC-I/DEC.31andC-III/DEC.12,RecognizingthattheTechnicalSecretariat,asperC-IV/DEC.5,shallifnecessaryidentifytheoriginofabandonedchemicalweaponsandestablishevidenceconcerningtheabandonmentandtheidentityoftheabandoningstates,THEEXECUTIVECOUNCILOFTHEOPCW:Strongly urgesallStatesPa
40、rtiestoimplementArticleI,paragraph3oftheCWCandfortherespectiveStatesPartiestomeettheirfinancialobligationsfordestroyingchemicalweaponsabandonedontheterritoriesofotherStatesParties;Further urgestheDirector-Generaltodevelopandpresentareportindicatingareasinwhichabandonedchemicalweaponsarelocatedandass
41、essthemeansandresourcesnecessarytoremoveandeliminatetheseweapons,whilekeepingthisinformationconfidentialtotheOPCW;Recommends thatinformationbepresentedbytheDirector-GeneraltotheExecutiveCouncilregardingthenegativeeffectsofabandonedchemicalweaponsonhealth,economicissues,andtheenvironment;Further reco
42、mmendsthatStatesPartieswhohaveparticipatedintheclean-upprocessofabandonedchemicalweaponspresenttheirplanstothebodyonmoreeffectiveandeconomicallyviablesolutionstoexpeditetheprocessforthoseStatesPartiesnowfacingthistask;RestatesthenecessitythattherespectiveStatesPartiesoftheCWCadoptfullfinancialrespon
43、sibilityfortheremovalofchemicalweaponsthattheyhaveabandonedontheterritoriesofotherStatesParties,andassumeresponsibilityforcompensationasagreed.Heading部分：第37页/共49页Preambular clauses部分：Code:OPCW/1/2(willbeprovidedbyDirectororConferenceService)Committee:TheOrganizationfortheProhibitionofChemicalWeapons
44、Topic:TheImplementationofChemicalDisarmamentProgramsSponsors:Panama,Pakistan,China,SouthKorea,AustriaSignatories:Italy,Mexico,Algeria,Japan,SaudiArabia,Spain,France,Bangladesh,RussianFederationRecallingArticleVIIparagraph3oftheChemicalWeaponsConvention(CWC)whichstatesthateachStatePartyshallassignthe
45、highestprioritytomaintainingthesafetyofpeopleandtheenvironmentwhileimplementingtheConvention,Further recallingthefinancialaccountabilityoftheStatesPartieswhoabandonedchemicalweaponsontheterritoriesofotherStatesPartiesforthedestructionofthoseabandonedweaponsasstatedinArticle1,paragraph3oftheCWC,Notin
46、g with satisfactionpreviousdecisionsmadeconcerningtheabandonmentofchemicalweapons,specificallydecisionsC-I/DEC.31andC-III/DEC.12,RecognizingthattheTechnicalSecretariat,asperC-IV/DEC.5,shallifnecessaryidentifytheoriginofabandonedchemicalweaponsandestablishevidenceconcerningtheabandonmentandtheidentit
47、yoftheabandoningstates,THEEXECUTIVECOUNCILOFTHEOPCW:Strongly urgesallStatesPartiestoimplementArticleI,paragraph3oftheCWCandfortherespectiveStatesPartiestomeettheirfinancialobligationsfordestroyingchemicalweaponsabandonedontheterritoriesofotherStatesParties;Further urgestheDirector-Generaltodevelopan
48、dpresentareportindicatingareasinwhichabandonedchemicalweaponsarelocatedandassessthemeansandresourcesnecessarytoremoveandeliminatetheseweapons,whilekeepingthisinformationconfidentialtotheOPCW;Recommends thatinformationbepresentedbytheDirector-GeneraltotheExecutiveCouncilregardingthenegativeeffectsofa
49、bandonedchemicalweaponsonhealth,economicissues,andtheenvironment;Further recommendsthatStatesPartieswhohaveparticipatedintheclean-upprocessofabandonedchemicalweaponspresenttheirplanstothebodyonmoreeffectiveandeconomicallyviablesolutionstoexpeditetheprocessforthoseStatesPartiesnowfacingthistask;Resta
50、testhenecessitythattherespectiveStatesPartiesoftheCWCadoptfullfinancialresponsibilityfortheremovalofchemicalweaponsthattheyhaveabandonedontheterritoriesofotherStatesParties,andassumeresponsibilityforcompensationasagreed.RecallingRecalling Article VII paragraph 3 of the Chemical Weapons Convention(CW