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1、关于高中名词性从句第1页，此课件共82页哦Related Conception(相关概念相关概念)1.名词名词:表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。2.名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分?名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。语。The boy is li Ming.主语表语Mr.Liang,a 24-year-old boy,teaches us English.主语同位语宾语第2页，此课件共82页哦在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语
2、、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从这个句子就叫名词性从句。句。什么是名词性从句什么是名词性从句?名名词词性性从从句句主语从句主语从句(The Subject Clause)宾语从句宾语从句 (The Object Clause)表语从句表语从句 (The Predicative Clause)同位语从句同位语从句 (The Appositive Clause)第3页，此课件共82页哦 名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中-主语宾语表语同位语1.That he wil
3、l come is certain.2.I know that he will come.3.The truth is that I have been there.4.The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句第4页，此课件共82页哦请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an hon
4、est boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.(主从主从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(宾从宾从)(表从表从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定从定从)(主从主从)第5页，此课件共82页哦 主语从句主语从句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how从
5、句引导词:1.That he knows Japanese is known to all.他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.3.When he will come is unknown.4.Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.他来不来没什么要紧的他什么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.5.It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语从句的位置主语从句的位置 1.在句首在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面主语较长时通常放在后面,句句首主语用首主语用 It 主
6、语太长了!放到句尾That无词义无词义,不可省略不可省略What“什么”,“所.的”2.What surprised me was to see him here.When“什么时候”主语从句不用主语从句不用 if位于句首位于句首第6页，此课件共82页哦主语从句主语从句v主语从句在复合句中做句子的主语。主语从句在复合句中做句子的主语。1.That most of these are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.2.Why he failed the exam wasn
7、t clear.4.It is a pity that she cannot come.3.Whether he has failed the exam wasnt clear.第7页，此课件共82页哦2）主语从句的连接词主语从句的连接词1.连连词词that(无无词词义义,不不作作成成分分,不不能能省省略略,只只起起连连接接作作用用);whether(是否是否),不作成分不作成分,不用不用if.That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we will succeed is still a question.注意注意:已确定的事由已确定的事
8、由thatthat引导引导;没决定的事由没决定的事由whetherwhether引导引导.第8页，此课件共82页哦他星期三来这里是肯定的。他星期三来这里是肯定的。That he will come here on Wednesday is certain.注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属注意：从句作主语时，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上从属连词连词that他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。Whether he will come here on Wednesday is not certain.注意：注意：that 引导的引导的主语从句放在句首很少，
9、只是主语从句放在句首很少，只是为了强调或谓为了强调或谓语较长时才这样语较长时才这样第9页，此课件共82页哦3.连连 接接 副副 词词 when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why,how long,how often,how soon,how far,how many/much 等等.When the test will be given is not yet decided.How much we can spend must be agreed on.2.连连接接代代词词what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever,whos
10、e等等.在从句做在从句做主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语What you said is perfectly true.(宾语宾语)Whoever comes will be welcome.谁来都欢迎谁来都欢迎第10页，此课件共82页哦v连接代词和连接副词在句中既连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问保留自己的疑问含义含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。v在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语在主语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、状语v这些连接词不能省略这些连接词不能省略；注意注意第11页，此课件共82页哦v连接代词和连接副词在句中所做成分：连接代词和连接副
11、词在句中所做成分：vWhat caused the accident is a complete mystery.vWhatever she said was right.vWho will win the match is still unknown.vWhoever comes to the party will receive a present.第12页，此课件共82页哦vWhen hell be back depends much on the weather.vWhere the English evening will be held has not yet been annou
12、nced.vWhy he failed the exam wasnt clear.vHow the book will sell depends on its author.第13页，此课件共82页哦3）注意事项：）注意事项：1.为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，主语从句为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，主语从句常用常用“it”作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：型如下：It is known to us that he will come here.第14页，此课件共82
13、页哦v（1）It+be+形容词形容词+主语从句主语从句 v（2）It+be+名词名词+主语从句主语从句 v（3）It+不及物动词不及物动词+主语主语 从句从句 v（4）It+及物及物 动词的被动语态动词的被动语态+主语从句主语从句 常用句型如下：常用句型如下：第15页，此课件共82页哦It+be+形容词形容词 主语从句主语从句It is necessary/important that.是有必要是有必要/重要的重要的It is obvious/clear that 很明显很明显It is certain/true that 是肯定的是肯定的It is true that 是事实是事实It is
14、 strange that 很奇怪很奇怪It is natural that 是很自然的是很自然的第16页，此课件共82页哦It+be+名词名词 主语从句主语从句It is a pity/a shame 真遗憾真遗憾It is a surprise.令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact 事实是事实是It is an honor 是我的荣幸是我的荣幸 It is a wonder 是奇迹是奇迹第17页，此课件共82页哦It+不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears/seems that 似乎似乎/看起来看起来It happens that.碰巧碰巧It occurr
15、ed to me that 我突然想起我突然想起It doesnt matter whether第18页，此课件共82页哦It+be+-ed分词分词 主语从句主语从句It is believed/thought that 人们相信人们相信It is well known to us/all that.众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定It is said/reported that 据听说据听说/据报道据报道Eg:It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。我们都知道他是如何
16、成为一名作家的。It+及物动词（被动语态）及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句主语从句第19页，此课件共82页哦vIt is a pity that we cant go.vIt is certain that she will do well in her exam.vIt is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.vIt depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.第20页，此课件共82页哦2.在在主主语语从从句句中中用用来来表表示示惊惊奇奇、不不相相信信、惋惋惜惜、理理
17、应应如如此此等等语语气气时时，谓谓语语动动词词要要用用虚虚拟拟语语气气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：常用的句型有：vIt is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that vIt is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that 第21页，此课件共82页哦主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气vIt is suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted+that(should)do vIt is impo
18、rtant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,impossible+that(should)do vIt is a pity,a shame,no wonder(难怪)+that(should)do 第22页，此课件共82页哦 what 引引导导主主语语从从句句时时在在句句时时在在从从句句中中充充当当句句子子成成分，如主语分，如主语,宾语宾语,表语，而表语，而that 则不然。例如：则不然。例如：1)_you said yesterday is right.2)_she is still alive is a good thing.Wh
19、atThat3.what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别第23页，此课件共82页哦用 it 句型翻译:1.据说今年高一学生要学新教材据说今年高一学生要学新教材.2.事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.3.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.4.众所周知众所周知,比尔比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有的人盖茨是世界上最富有的人.5.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text th
20、is year.It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.It happened that they had had their military training.It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.It is important that we(should)form a good habit of studying.第24页，此课件共82页哦II.表语从句表语从句v在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。在句中作表语的从句叫
21、表语从句。1.That is why he didnt pass the exam.2.The question is where he has gone.3.The problem is that he has gone.4.It looks/seems as if/though it were going to rain.第25页，此课件共82页哦表语从句表语从句从 句 同主语从句(11个),外加as if/引导词:as though,1.The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.2.The question is whe
22、ther we can finish the experiment by Friday.3.It looks as if it were going to rain.that 一般不省略一般不省略 表语从句不用表语从句不用 ifas if/as though从句常表示从句常表示不真实的情况不真实的情况She talks as if/as though she had been there before.又比如:4.This school is no longer what it was before.系动词后面系动词后面第26页，此课件共82页哦注意下列表语从句中where,how,why 的
23、译法1.This is where Lu Xun once lived.2.That was how they won the match.3.This is why she got up so early this morning.1.我们就是这样克服困难的我们就是这样克服困难的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因那就是他昨天缺席的原因.3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.This is/That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we m
24、et last Sunday.This is 总是现在时That is 表示性质 That was 指过去动作固定句型固定句型:This is where This is why This is how.这就是的地方这就是的原因这就是的方法第27页，此课件共82页哦试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Is this museum what you visited?Is this the museum that you visited?Is this museum the one that you visited?注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前注意：这种句子考试时一定要记住这句话：名词前（
25、尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后（尤其是单数可数名词前）一定要有限定词。然后把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从把句子变换成陈述句，接着判断句子是属于哪种从句再完成。句再完成。(表从表从)(定从定从)(定从定从)第28页，此课件共82页哦II 表语从句表语从句在句中充当表语的从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在即放在be动词后面动词后面)叫做表语从句。叫做表语从句。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。我们的目的是他能认识到错误。Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.注意：引导表语从句的注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略连接词一般不省
26、略。问题是它是否值得做。问题是它是否值得做。The question is whether it is worth doing.注意：注意：表语从句表示表语从句表示“是否是否”只用只用“whether”而不用而不用“if”第29页，此课件共82页哦2.1 引导表语从句的关联词引导表语从句的关联词v引导表语从句的关联词与引导引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句主语从句的关联的关联词词大致一样大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。引导。v其基本结构为：主语其基本结构为：主语+系动词系动词+that从句，从句，v引导表语从句的词有引导表语从句的词有th
27、at，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how，because等。等。第30页，此课件共82页哦(1)that,whether引导的表语从句引导的表语从句vthat在引导表语从句时无词义，在引导表语从句时无词义，不做成分，不做成分，而而whether有词义，意为、有词义，意为、“是否是否”,不做成分不做成分。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如如 question,trouble,problem,result,chance,suggestion，idea，reason等。
28、等。eg:The reason is that you dont trust her.The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。问题是他们是否能帮我们。第31页，此课件共82页哦(2)连接代词引导的表语从句连接代词引导的表语从句v连接代词连接代词what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever v在句中作主语在句中作主语/宾语，不能省略。宾语，不能省略。eg:The problem is who can replace her.问题是
29、我们能找到谁去替换她呢。问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。Thats what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。那就是他在担心的事。第32页，此课件共82页哦(3)连接副词引导的表语从句连接副词引导的表语从句v连接副词连接副词 where,when,how,whyv在表语从句中做状语在表语从句中做状语vThe question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。问题是他是如何做此事的。第33页，此课件共82页哦(4)连词连词because,as if,as thoughvHe was late this morning.That was bec
30、ause he was caught in a traffic jam.vAll this was over twenty years ago,but its as if it was only yesterday.这都是这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。vHe looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。他看起来还与十年前一样。v注：从属连词注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，一般不用来引导表语从句，但但as if却可引导表语从句，却可引导表语从句，v能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系
31、动词能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。等。vIt looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。看起来天要下雨了。第34页，此课件共82页哦难点难点v1.连词连词because可引导表语从句。如：可引导表语从句。如：eg:I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。我想这是因为你做得太多。v2.引导表语从句的引导表语从句的that不省略，不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何意义。中不充当任何成分，无任何意义。eg:
32、The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.他给我的印象是他是一个可靠的人他给我的印象是他是一个可靠的人v3.whether可引导表语从句，表可引导表语从句，表“是否是否”，它在从句中不，它在从句中不充当成分，充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。不能引导表语从句。eg:Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.第35页，此课件共82页哦v4.the reason后面的表语从句只能用后面的表语从句只能用that引导，易引导，易犯犯“the reason
33、 is because”的错误的错误 eg:The reason why he was late was that his car broke down on the way.v5.在在表表示示命命令令order,advice,suggestion,desire,proposal,demand,request,requirement等等的的名名词词后后的的表表语语从从句句中中，谓谓语语动动词词要要 用用虚虚拟拟语语气气：should+动词原形动词原形，should可省略可省略 eg:His suggestion is that we(should)hold another meeting to
34、 discuss the problem.第36页，此课件共82页哦最具代表性的表语从句最具代表性的表语从句v1.That is why practice is the most important in learning English.v2.The village is no longer what it used to be ten years ago.v3.That was because he was caught in a traffic jam.v4.The reason why he was late was that his car broke down on the way
35、.第37页，此课件共82页哦1.I know him.2.I know who he is.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词从句从句主语主语 从句谓语从句谓语主主 句句复合复合句句第38页，此课件共82页哦III.宾语从句宾语从句v在句中充当在句中充当及物动词及物动词或或介词介词或或某些某些形容词形容词的宾语的宾语的句子叫的句子叫做宾语从句。做宾语从句。通常放在主句谓语动词通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词及物动词)或介词或介词或形容词之后。或形容词之后。1.I think that it will be of no use.2.I wo
36、nder if you can do me a favour.3.It depends on whether the boss will agree to you or not.4.Im sure that you will win the game.第39页，此课件共82页哦1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1)动词后动词后直接直接+宾语从句宾语从句 由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略),例如：例如：I heard that he joined the army.由由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如：She d
37、id not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(2)动词间接宾语宾语从句动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.第40页，此课件共82页哦3.作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语 I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.I am sure (that)he will win the game.2.作介词的宾语作介词的宾语 I dont care for who marr
38、ies him.We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.第41页，此课件共82页哦宾语从句三要素：宾语从句三要素：连连 接接 词词时时 态态语语 序序第42页，此课件共82页哦由从属连词由从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 连接代词连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which what 连接副词连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由从属连词由从属连词 whether,if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句第43页，此课件共82页哦注注：that 在句中无词汇意义，
39、在从句中不能充当成分，在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中往往省略在口语或非正式文体中往往省略e.g.1.I hear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）（一小时后他会回来）2.He said(that)_.（他非常想念我们）（他非常想念我们）3.The teacher told us(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）（地球围着太阳转）he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun第44页，此课件共82页哦由从属连词由从属连词whether,if 引导的宾语
40、从句引导的宾语从句e.g.1.I want to know _.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Ask him _.（他是否能来）3.I dont know _.（是否要下雨）if(whether)he will go to the park with us whether(if)he can come whether it is going to rain or notwhether,if在从句中不能充当成分，在从句中不能充当成分，当句末为当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.第45页，此课件共82页哦由连接代词由连接代词what,whom,w
41、hose,which,what连接副词连接副词 when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句1.He asked _.(谁能回答这个问题谁能回答这个问题）2.Do you know_.（他们在等谁）（他们在等谁）3.He asked _.（谁的书法是班上最好的）5.6.Please tell me _.（我们什么时候开会）7.Can you tell me _.（他在哪儿）8.Could you tell me _.（我该怎么去车站）9.Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了）who could answer the question whom they
42、are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the class when well have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late第46页，此课件共82页哦3.2 语序语序v宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述陈述语序语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分第47页，此课件共82页哦主句时态主句时态从句时态从句时态一般现在时、一般将来时、一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时祈使句时 根据句意的需要用任意一种根据句意的需要
43、用任意一种时态时态 一般过去时一般过去时 与原句相对应的过去的时态与原句相对应的过去的时态 客观事实、真理、自然现象、客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等名言警句、谚语等 一律用一般现在时一律用一般现在时 3.3 时态时态第48页，此课件共82页哦vI know he lives here .vI know he lived here ten years ago.vI have heard that he will come tomorrow.1.主句用主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。根据实际情况而定。第49页，此课件共82页哦
44、2.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）vI knew who lived here.vI saw she was talking with her mother.vHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.vHe said that he had seen it.第50页，此课件共82页哦
45、vThe teacher told me she was born in 1960.vI heard that he went to Paris last night.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现在时。仍用一般现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me the earth moves around the sun.4.从句从句中有中有具体时间状语具体时间
46、状语，即使从句动作发生在主句，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，动作前，仍用一般过去时仍用一般过去时。第51页，此课件共82页哦1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go)3.I hear they _ (return)it already.4.He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be)5.Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east.(rise
47、)will be goes have returned had been rises第52页，此课件共82页哦3.4 宾语从句注意事项宾语从句注意事项v1)当从句的原句为以下句子以及当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主作主语时，语序不变：语时，语序不变：vWhats wrong?Whats the matter?veg:I dont know whats the matter.Can you tell me who is over there?第53页，此课件共82页哦2)在在宾宾语语从从句句中中，只只能能用用whether，不不能能用用if引引导导的的宾语从句宾语从句v(1)在具有
48、选择意义，又有在具有选择意义，又有or或或or not时，尤其是直接与时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用连用时，往往用whether Let me know whether he will come or not v(2)在介词的后面在介词的后面 Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.v(3)在带在带to的不定式前的不定式前 We decided whether to walk there.v(4)宾语从句提前时，不能换用宾语从句提前时，不能换用if。Whether this is true or not，I cant
49、say这是否真的我说不上来。第54页，此课件共82页哦3）否定的转移）否定的转移若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well.I dont think you are right.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为你是错的。我认为你是错的。I d
50、ont believe you will finish the work today.我认为你今天无法完成工作。我认为你今天无法完成工作。第55页，此课件共82页哦4）宾语从句中用宾语从句中用it作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用时，一般用it来作形式宾语来作形式宾语，而真正的宾语，而真正的宾语