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1、关于非谓语动词的种类及用法现在学习的是第1页,共55页动词不定式动词不定式分词分词动名词动名词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词v.ing现在学习的是第2页,共55页非谓语动词的句法作用非谓语动词的句法作用动词不定式 现在分词过去分词动名词主语宾语表语定语状语补足语现在学习的是第3页,共55页口诀:口诀:不定式,本领强,不定式,本领强,六种成分都能当。六种成分都能当。动名词,不示弱,动名词,不示弱,主宾表定都能作。主宾表定都能作。两分词,不相让,两分词,不相让,表定状补争亮相。表定状补争亮相。现在学习的是第4页,共55页1.不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 时态主动语态被动语态一般时to d
2、o to be done进行时to be doing 完成时to have done to have been done (1)不定式的时态不定式的时态 不定式的一般式表示将来要发生的动作或表示一种状态。不定式的一般式表示将来要发生的动作或表示一种状态。I wish to finish my business and get away.He pretended to be asleep when his mother came in.一、动词不定式一、动词不定式现在学习的是第5页,共55页 不定式的完成式表示不定式动作已完成或发生在句不定式的完成式表示不定式动作已完成或发生在句子的谓语动词之前
3、。子的谓语动词之前。He is generally considered to have invented the telephone.不定式的进行式表示不定式动作仍在进行之中。不定式的进行式表示不定式动作仍在进行之中。It happened to be raining hard when the accident occurred.现在学习的是第6页,共55页(2)不定式的语态不定式的语态 当不定式与自己的逻辑主语之间是当不定式与自己的逻辑主语之间是主动关系主动关系时时,用主动用主动语态;如果是语态;如果是被动关系被动关系则用被动语态。则用被动语态。He refused to go abro
4、ad.He refused to be taken abroad.【注注】下列情况下不定式用主动形式表达被动意义:下列情况下不定式用主动形式表达被动意义:不定式不定式作定语作定语时。时。She has a sister to look after.不定式不定式放在形容词之后放在形容词之后时。时。This book is difficult to understand.个别动词用在个别动词用在“be不定式不定式”结构中表将来或应结构中表将来或应该时。该时。I think he is to blame.我认为他应该受到责备。我认为他应该受到责备。现在学习的是第7页,共55页1).不定式作主语不定式
5、作主语 To know something about English is one thing;to know English is quite another.此时,常用此时,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在句子的后作形式主语,而把不定式放在句子的后部。部。It isnt easy for her to find a new job.2).不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 不定式可作某些动词的宾语,常见的动词有:不定式可作某些动词的宾语,常见的动词有:afford,agree,ask,decide,desire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,pretend,pl
6、an,intend,refuse,wish等。等。I promised not to be late.2.不定式的功能不定式的功能现在学习的是第8页,共55页介词介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时,如前面有后接不定式作宾语时,如前面有实义动词实义动词do,不定式就要省略,不定式就要省略to。It has no choice but to lie down and sleep.They did nothing but complain.3).不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语某些动词如某些动词如tell,want,wish,advise,order,require,expect,rem
7、ind,persuade,encourage,convince,force,beg,allow,forbid等后可接不定式等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语。My doctor advised me to take a rest.现在学习的是第9页,共55页某些感官动词或使役动词后面可接某些感官动词或使役动词后面可接不带不带to的不定式的不定式作作宾语补足语宾语补足语。但如果句子变成。但如果句子变成被动语态被动语态时,就时,就必须带必须带to 符号。符号。Did you notice anyone go into the house?Was anyone noticed to go in
8、to the house?五看五看二听二听一感觉一感觉三使役三使役半帮助半帮助look at/see/watch/notice/observelisten to/hearfeelmake/let/havehelp现在学习的是第10页,共55页某些动词如某些动词如find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等后可等后可 接不定式作宾语,但宾语后要接形容词或名接不定式作宾语,但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语,而且要用词作宾语补足语,而且要用it作形式宾语作形式宾语。News services make it possible for newspapers to gi
9、ve their readers news from around the world.现在学习的是第11页,共55页4).不定式作定语不定式作定语 Do you have the ability to read and write English?作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词的名词 是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。应的介词。Please give me a knife to cut with.不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作,但修饰有序数词或不定式作定语一
10、般表示将来的动作,但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时,则表示已完成的动作。形容词最高级限定的名词时,则表示已完成的动作。I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.现在学习的是第12页,共55页5).不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式一般作不定式一般作目的状语目的状语,还可用短语,还可用短语in order to 或或so as to。He sat down to have a rest.不定式有时可作不定式
11、有时可作结果状语结果状语,表示意想不到的结果,表示意想不到的结果,还可用还可用only to。He left,never to return.He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.现在学习的是第13页,共55页He was so careless as to forget to lock the door.不定式可用在下列句子中表示不定式可用在下列句子中表示结果结果:现在学习的是第14页,共55页 不定式可作不定式可作评注性状语评注性状语,用以修饰整个句子。,用以修饰整个句子。To be honest,I know nothing
12、about it.6).不定式作表语不定式作表语 The first step is to check the victims breathing.All I did was(to)press the button.7).“疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”在句中可充当主语、表语、宾在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语。语。When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet.I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.【注注】此时不可用此时不可用if to do结构。结构。现在学习的是第15页,共55页3.不定
13、式的省略问题不定式的省略问题 有时为了避免重复,不定式可用省略形式,但常常要有时为了避免重复,不定式可用省略形式,但常常要保留不定式符号保留不定式符号to。这种情况常出现在动词。这种情况常出现在动词expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try或或be glad,be happy或或would like/love等后面。等后面。如果不定式中含有如果不定式中含有be,have,have been时,这些时,这些词也可保留。词也可保留。I havent been to Hong Kong,but I wish to.“I didnt tell h
14、im the news.”“You ought to have.”现在学习的是第16页,共55页1.现在分词的功能现在分词的功能 (1)现在分词现在分词作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 下列动词后可接现在分词作宾补:下列动词后可接现在分词作宾补:see,hear,notice,observe,watch,listen to,look at,have,keep,leave,find,catch,feel等。等。She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes.【注注】如果句子改为被动语态,那么现在分词则变为如果句子改为被动语态,那么现在分词则变为主语补足语主语补足语。The
15、 boy was caught cheating in the exam.二、分词现在学习的是第17页,共55页 (2)现在分词现在分词作表语作表语 The movie is very boring.(3)现在分词现在分词作定语作定语 现在分词作定语时,通常表示与先行词之间现在分词作定语时,通常表示与先行词之间是主动关系。是主动关系。The taxi taking us to the airport broke down.【注注】being done形式表示正在进行中的动形式表示正在进行中的动作,且与先行词之间是被动关系。作,且与先行词之间是被动关系。The house being built
16、 will serve as a library.正在建的那座房子将作为图书馆用。正在建的那座房子将作为图书馆用。现在学习的是第18页,共55页 (4)现在分词现在分词作状语作状语 现在分词作状语时,可表示现在分词作状语时,可表示时间、原因、结时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况行为方式、伴随状况等。此等。此时,现在分词的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,时,现在分词的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,而且现在分词与句子的主语之间一般具有逻辑而且现在分词与句子的主语之间一般具有逻辑上的上的主谓关系主谓关系。The cup dropped to the ground,breaki
17、ng into pieces.现在学习的是第19页,共55页【注注】如果现在分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,如果现在分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,就要用分词的就要用分词的独立主格结构独立主格结构。Weather permitting,well play golf this afternoon.现在分词还可作评注性状语,表示说话人的态度,现在分词还可作评注性状语,表示说话人的态度,此时现在分词与句子的主语无关。常见的说法有:此时现在分词与句子的主语无关。常见的说法有:generally speaking“一般来说一般来说”;frankly speaking“坦白地说坦白地说”;judging fr
18、om.“根据根据 来判断来判断”;considering.“考虑到考虑到”等。等。Considering the distance,he arrived very quickly.现在学习的是第20页,共55页2.现在分词的时态和语态现在分词的时态和语态主动语态被动语态一般时doingbeing done完成时having donehaving been done Not knowing her address,I wasnt able to contact her.I saw him being taken away when I passed by his house.Having bou
19、ght our tickets,we went into the theatre.Having been told many times,he still repeated the same mistake.现在学习的是第21页,共55页3.过去分词过去分词 过去分词一般在句中作过去分词一般在句中作宾补宾补、表语表语、定语定语和和状语状语,通常表示已完成的被动动作或一种状态。,通常表示已完成的被动动作或一种状态。1)Youd better have the television repaired.2)Some of the people invited to the party cant co
20、me.3)The teacher came into the lab,followed by some students.4)Given a chance,I can surprise the world.5)He stood in front of the room with his arms folded.现在学习的是第22页,共55页三、不定式被动式、过去分词和现在分词的被动式作定三、不定式被动式、过去分词和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别语的区别1.过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,或是没有一定的时间性。或是没有一定的时间性
21、。Have you read the novel written by Dickens?2.现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。Listen!The song being sung is very popular with the students.3.不定式的被动式作定语时,表示一个未来的动作。不定式的被动式作定语时,表示一个未来的动作。The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important
22、 one.现在学习的是第23页,共55页1.感官动词感官动词(see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,notice等等)和使役动词和使役动词have后面的宾补有三种形后面的宾补有三种形式,即原形动词式,即原形动词(不带不带to的不定式的不定式),现在分词和过去分,现在分词和过去分词。词。现在分词表现在分词表主动或正在进行主动或正在进行,过去分词表,过去分词表被动或完被动或完成成,动词原形表,动词原形表主动和完成。主动和完成。1)I heard her sing an English song just now.2)I heard her singing
23、 an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.3)I heard the English song sung many times.四、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别四、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别现在学习的是第24页,共55页2.leave后接三种形式作宾补时,意为后接三种形式作宾补时,意为“使使处于某种状态处于某种状态”。leavesb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事让某人一直做某事sth.undone留下某事未做留下某事未做 sb.to do sth.留下某人做某事留下某人做某事sth.to be done留下某事要做留
24、下某事要做 现在学习的是第25页,共55页Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.The guests left most of the dishes untouched,because they didnt taste delicious.He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.3.have,get后接三种形式作宾补时,其中后接三种形式作宾补时,其中have,get表示表示“使、让、叫使、让、叫”之意。之意。(1)have sth.doneget sth.done“使使/让某事由让某事由别人去做
25、别人去做”。Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.【注注】have sth.done还表示还表示“使遭受使遭受”之意。之意。Tom had his leg broken while playing football.现在学习的是第26页,共55页 The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.现在学习的是第27页,共55页【注注】“have sb.doing”若用于否定句中,其中若用于否定句中,其中have有有“容忍容忍”之意。之意。I wont have y
26、ou speaking to your parents like that.Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.I cant get him to stop smoking.He wont listen to me.现在学习的是第28页,共55页五、注意以下表达的意义区别五、注意以下表达的意义区别 现在学习的是第29页,共55页1.动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态 主动语态被动语态一般doingbeing done完成having done having been done 1)He went away without saying
27、 anything.2)He came into the room without being seen.3)Im sorry for having wasted so much of your time.4)I forgot having been given a Christmas gift years ago三、动名词三、动名词现在学习的是第30页,共55页2.动名词的句法功能动名词的句法功能 (1)动名词动名词作主语作主语 Watching them is a thrilling experience.【注注】有时用有时用it 作形式主语,而把动词的作形式主语,而把动词的ing 形式放
28、形式放在句子的后部。在句子的后部。It is no use crying over spilt milk.现在学习的是第31页,共55页(2)动名词动名词作宾语作宾语 下列动词后只能接动名词作宾语,不可接下列动词后只能接动名词作宾语,不可接不定式作宾语:不定式作宾语:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等。等。I admit breaking the window.现在学习的是第32页
29、,共55页下列短语后要接动名词作宾语:下列短语后要接动名词作宾语:burst out,cant stand,end up,give up,feel like,keep on,insist on,look forward to,put off,devote.to,object to,be busy(in),get down to,have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)等。等。He didnt want to end up going home alone.现在学习的是第33页,共55页下列动词或短语后接不定式
30、和动名词作宾下列动词或短语后接不定式和动名词作宾语时,意义上有所不同。语时,意义上有所不同。现在学习的是第34页,共55页现在学习的是第35页,共55页现在学习的是第36页,共55页Remember to post the letter for me on your way to school.I remember turning off the light before I left the office.动词动词like,love,prefer,hate,continue等后接不等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。但如表示经常性的动作定式或动名词作宾语均可。但如表示经常性的动作要用要用动名词动
31、名词,如表示具体的行为要用,如表示具体的行为要用不定式。不定式。1)I like reading books of this kind,but I dont like to read that book.2)She prefer walking to cycling.3)I prefer to stay at home today.现在学习的是第37页,共55页动词动词allow,advise,forbid,permit等后接动名词作等后接动名词作宾语,但要接不定式作宾语,但要接不定式作宾语补足语宾语补足语。We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow st
32、udents to smoke.动词动词need,require,want作作“需要需要”解时,解时,其后要用动名词的主动语态或不定式的被动式其后要用动名词的主动语态或不定式的被动式作宾语。作宾语。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.现在学习的是第38页,共55页 介词后要接动名词介词后要接动名词作宾语作宾语。What do you mean by saying that?I congratulated them on getting married(3)动名词动名词作表语作表语 My hobby is growing flowers.(4)动名词动
33、名词作定语作定语 He had a very expensive walking stick.形容词形容词worth后要接动名词的主动语态表达被动后要接动名词的主动语态表达被动意义,它不同于意义,它不同于worthy 的用法。的用法。The place is worth visiting.The place is worthy of being visited/to be visited.现在学习的是第39页,共55页3.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构 动名词之前有时要加上自己的逻辑主语构成复动名词之前有时要加上自己的逻辑主语构成复合结构,逻辑主语可用名词的所有格或物主代词,合结构,逻辑主语
34、可用名词的所有格或物主代词,有时也可用名词或宾格代词。有时也可用名词或宾格代词。1)I cant imagine George sailing across the ocean in a boat.2)My coming back home late made my mother very angry.现在学习的是第40页,共55页1.The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!A.arrived B.arrives B.C.to arrive D.arriving 解析:解析:不定式不定式to arrive 作作the last one 的后置定的后置定语,表示语
35、,表示“最后来的那个人最后来的那个人”。答案:答案:C 过关落实过关落实现在学习的是第41页,共55页2.I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt 解析:解析:强调强调“闻到某物正在燃烧闻到某物正在燃烧”,选择,选择v.ing形式,且此处形式,且此处burn 为不及物动词,因此为不及物动词,因此不用被动形式。不用被动形式。答案:答案:A现在学习的是第42页,共55页3.At the beginning of th
36、e class,the noise of desks _could be heard outside the classroom.A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closed C.being opened and closed D.to open and close 解析:句中意为解析:句中意为“桌子桌子(抽屉抽屉)正在被打开、正在被打开、关上的声音关上的声音”,强调动作正在进行,用,强调动作正在进行,用being done。答案:答案:C 现在学习的是第43页,共55页4.The flowers his friend gave him will
37、die unless _ every day.A.watered B.watering C.water D.to water 解析:解析:unless watered作条件状语,表示条件,作条件状语,表示条件,water因和主语因和主语(the flowers)为动宾关系,故用为动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。过去分词形式。答案:答案:A现在学习的是第44页,共55页5.As a result of the serious flood,twothirds of the buildings in the area _.A.need repairing B.needs to repair C.need
38、s repairing D.need to repair 解析:主语中分数修饰的名词为复数解析:主语中分数修饰的名词为复数(the buildings),故排除,故排除B、C;need doing等于等于need to be done,表示被动。,表示被动。答案:答案:A 现在学习的是第45页,共55页6.You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm.A.walked B.walk C.to walk D.walking 解析:解析:have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某做某事有困难,固定
39、句型,在本句中事有困难,固定句型,在本句中difficulty提提前了。前了。答案:答案:D现在学习的是第46页,共55页7.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking 解析:解析:regretv.ing形式表示后悔做过某事;形式表示后悔做过某事;v.ing形式的否定式在其前面加形式的否定式在其前面加not。答案:答案:D 现在学习的是第47页,共55页8.The country has alrea
40、dy sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent _ at the end of last March.A.has been launched B.having been launched C.being launched D.to be launched 解析:解析:having been launched等于等于which has been launched,表示,表示“已经被发射已经被发射”。答案:答案:B现在学习的是第48页,共55页9.Come on,please give me some ideas about the pro
41、ject.Sorry.With so much work _ my mind,I almost break down.A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled 解析:解析:work与与fill为主谓关系,故用为主谓关系,故用filling作作宾补。宾补。答案:答案:B 现在学习的是第49页,共55页10.As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _,and asked myself what I was going to do.A.moved B.moving C.to move D.be
42、ing moved 解析:解析:此处此处moving在句中做伴随状语在句中做伴随状语。答案:答案:B现在学习的是第50页,共55页11.I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works.A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop 解析:解析:stand doing sth.忍受做某事;忍受做某事;refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事,均为固定搭配。拒绝做某事,均
43、为固定搭配。答案:答案:C 现在学习的是第51页,共55页12.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A.to be told B.to tell C.told D.telling 解析:解析:“only不定式不定式”结构表示一种出结构表示一种出乎意料的结果乎意料的结果(失望,沮丧等失望,沮丧等),此处用不定式,此处用不定式的被动式表示的被动式表示“却被告知却被告知”。答案:答案:A现在学习的是第52页,共55页13.It is difficult to imagine hi
44、s _ the decision without any consideration.A.to accept B.accept C.accepting D.accepted 解析:解析:本句中本句中his 为动名词为动名词accepting的逻辑主语,动的逻辑主语,动名词的复合结构作动词名词的复合结构作动词imagine的宾语。的宾语。答案:答案:C 现在学习的是第53页,共55页14.Russ and Earl were auto mechanics _ the same pay,but Earl had more ambition.A.to earn B.to have earned C.earning D.earned 解析:解析:本句中本句中earning为后置定语,相当于为后置定语,相当于who earned。答案:答案:C现在学习的是第54页,共55页感感谢谢大大家家观观看看现在学习的是第55页,共55页