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1、关于情态动词PPT第一页,讲稿共三十五页哦常见的情态动词有:常见的情态动词有:can 能 may 可以 will,would(表意愿)need 需要 dare 敢 must 必须 have to 不得不shall,should 应该(表义务)ought to 应该第二页,讲稿共三十五页哦1.can,could 的用法的用法1)表能力,有)表能力,有“能能”、“会会”、“能够能够”的意思的意思Can you drive a car?-Yes,I can.-No,I cant.注:注:过去式过去式could语气比语气比cancan更加委婉更加委婉 Could I use your car?2 2)
2、征求许可,意为)征求许可,意为“可以可以”Can I use your bike?(=(=maymay但没有但没有 may 正式)正式)3)表示可能性,常用于否定句和疑问句表示可能性,常用于否定句和疑问句 Can it be true?Today is Sunday.He cant be at school.第三页,讲稿共三十五页哦 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态(could),其他时态要用其他时态要用be able to的形式的形式例如:can 和和 be able to 的比较的比较I havent been able to get in to
3、uch with her.我一直没能和她联系上。通常通常can 和和 be able to 可以互换可以互换第四页,讲稿共三十五页哦2.may,might的用法的用法2.1 表示许可或征求对方的许可,有表示许可或征求对方的许可,有“可以可以”的意的意思思。例如:You may go now.May I use your computer?注:过去式过去式might表示的语气更加委婉、客气表示的语气更加委婉、客气例如:例如:Might I use your pen for a while?第五页,讲稿共三十五页哦注:回答以回答以may开头的疑问句有如下表达法开头的疑问句有如下表达法例如:例如:-
4、May I smoke here?肯定-Yes,you may 否定;-No,you cant -Yes,please -No,you mustnt.-No,youd better not.第六页,讲稿共三十五页哦2.3表示猜测,通常只用于陈述句表示猜测,通常只用于陈述句 例如:You may be right.你可能是对的。第七页,讲稿共三十五页哦2.5 在口语中在口语中can可以代替可以代替may表示许表示许可,但可,但can较随便,较随便,may更正式更正式例如:Can I use your bike,John?May I have a look at your license plea
5、se,sir?第八页,讲稿共三十五页哦3.must 的用法的用法3.1表义务,表义务,“必须必须”例如:You must talk to them about their study.第九页,讲稿共三十五页哦3.2 在否定结构中表不许、禁止在否定结构中表不许、禁止 例如:You mustnt smoke here.附:关于附:关于must的回答的回答。例如:MustIcleanthediningroomatonce?MustIcleanthediningroomatonce?肯定:-Yes,youmust.(是的,你必须否定:-No,youneednt.(不,你不必-No,youdonthav
6、eto.第十页,讲稿共三十五页哦3.3 表坚定的建议表坚定的建议例如:You must come and see us as soon as you get to Shanghai.第十一页,讲稿共三十五页哦3.4 表推测,暗含有很大的可能性例如:He must be ill.He looks so pale.注意注意may 暗含的可能性暗含的可能性较小,must 暗含暗含的可能性的可能性较大。第十二页,讲稿共三十五页哦 Have to 的疑问句和否定句,多用助动词的疑问句和否定句,多用助动词do构成构成。例如:例如:Did he have to do it?他得做那件事吗He didnt h
7、ave to do it.他不需要做那件事。4.have to的用法的用法 have to 意为“不得不”,它虽属于情态动词,但它有人称、数的变化,其 疑问句,否定句的构成也和其他的动词有所不同。第十三页,讲稿共三十五页哦4.1 have to&must (1)must 强强调调“内在的内在的职责职责”、“义务义务”,强强调调说话说话人的主人的主观观看法看法。have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。(2)have tohave to可用于多种时态,而可用于多种时态,而must一般用于现在时,其过去时与将来时分别由had to与shall/will have to代替。(3)have
8、 to的否定式表示“不需要”,mustnt表不允许。例如:You dont have to go there.你不需要不需要去那儿。You mustnt go there?你不准不准去那儿。第十四页,讲稿共三十五页哦5.need 的用法的用法 need 既可用作情既可用作情态动词态动词,又可用作,又可用作实义动词实义动词 作情作情态动词时态动词时,没有数和人称的,没有数和人称的变变化,后接化,后接动词动词原形;作原形;作实义动实义动词时词时,有数的,有数的变变化和人称的化和人称的变变化,后接化,后接带带toto的不定式,意的不定式,意为为“需要做需要做”。其否定式为其否定式为“neednt”,
9、表,表“不必不必”例如:例如:You neednt worry.你不必担心。你不必担心。其其疑问句式为疑问句式为:Need+sb.+do?sb.+do?,表表“需要需要吗吗”例如:例如:Need you go?你得去吗?你得去吗?-No,I neednt.不必。不必。-Yes,I must.是的,我必须去。是的,我必须去。第十五页,讲稿共三十五页哦6.will和和would的用法的用法 will,(1 1)表示表示“意愿意愿”,I will help you.(2)(2)用于第二人称表征求意见用于第二人称表征求意见,Will you have some more wine?(3 3)用于第三人
10、称表推测。用于第三人称表推测。-Somebody is coming upstairs.-That will be Mary.(4)(4)表示将来或现在的习惯表示将来或现在的习惯。He will come this afternoon.The old man will sit by the window for hours.第十六页,讲稿共三十五页哦例3:Hes strange-he _ sit for hours without saying anythingA.shall B.will C.can D.must 分析:will用来谈习惯和特性,本句意思为“他很怪,能一坐几个小时一句话也不说
11、”。答案为B。第十七页,讲稿共三十五页哦2.Would(1)表示过去的意愿。表示过去的意愿。I would like to see Mr.Smith2)表示过去的习惯。表示过去的习惯。When I was a child,we would get up early and go climbing 3)征求意见,语气比)征求意见,语气比will 委婉委婉.Would you mind my smoking here?第十八页,讲稿共三十五页哦7.shall和和should的用法的用法1 shall,(1)(1)用于一用于一三人称,征求意见或提议。三人称,征求意见或提议。Shall we go o
12、ut for lunch?Shall we go out for lunch?(2)(2)用于第二人称,表一种强烈的感情,如用于第二人称,表一种强烈的感情,如“命令,禁止,威胁,允诺命令,禁止,威胁,允诺”等等.If you dare do that,you shall be If you dare do that,you shall be punished.punished.(3)(3)表示规章,指示,预言等。表示规章,指示,预言等。All shall dieAll shall die.第十九页,讲稿共三十五页哦例6:You cant imagine that a well-behaved
13、gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.(2001上海)A.might B.need C.should D.would分析:在某些名词性从句中,should 表示惊异、意外等情绪,常译为“竟然”。答案分别为C。如:It seems unfair that this should happen to me.真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。第二十页,讲稿共三十五页哦例1:“The interest _be divided into five parts,The interest _be divided into five parts,according to the a
14、greement made byaccording to the agreement made by both sides.A.may B.should C.must D.shallA.may B.should C.must D.shall例例2 2:The room is so dirty._ we clean it?The room is so dirty._ we clean it?Of course.(2003 Of course.(2003北京春北京春)A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.DoA.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do分析:上述两分析:上述两
15、题题均考均考查查 shallshall的非常用含的非常用含义义,当,当shallshall用于一、用于一、三人称疑三人称疑问问句中句中时时,表示征求,表示征求对对方意方意见见;用于二、三人称;用于二、三人称陈陈述述句中,表示句中,表示说话说话人人给对给对方的命令、警告、允方的命令、警告、允诺诺或威或威胁胁等。上述等。上述三三题题答案分答案分别为别为D D、B B。第二十一页,讲稿共三十五页哦should (1)表示义务,责任,意为表示义务,责任,意为“应当应当”。You should pay for your taxes.(2)表示推测,可能性。意为表示推测,可能性。意为“可能,应可能,应该该
16、”。Its mid-night,he should be home.(3)用于提建议,请求用于提建议,请求,I should say it would be better to delay the meeting.(4)表示惊讶和难以置信。表示惊讶和难以置信。Why should he do such a thing?第二十二页,讲稿共三十五页哦例6:You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.(2001上海)A.might B.need C.should D.would分析:在某些名分析:在某些名
17、词词性从句中,性从句中,should should 表示惊异、意外等情表示惊异、意外等情绪绪,常,常译为译为“竟然竟然”。答案分答案分别为别为C C。如:如:It seems unfair It seems unfair that this should happen to me.that this should happen to me.真不真不公平,公平,这这件事竟然件事竟然发发生在我身上。生在我身上。第二十三页,讲稿共三十五页哦Should“应该应该”,主要表示主主要表示主观观看法,看法,Ought to“理应理应”,则则更多反映客更多反映客观观情情况况,在,在谈谈到法律,到法律,规规定
18、定.义务时义务时用。用。如:如:Should&ought toYou should finish your work first,and then watch TV.You ought to clean the classroom,for it is your turn today.第二十四页,讲稿共三十五页哦9.情态动词表示情态动词表示“推测推测”的用的用法法2.情态动词情态动词+动词的完成时动词的完成时表示对过去情况的表示对过去情况的推测。推测。1)must+have+v-ed.表示过去表示过去“一定发生了一定发生了.”2)could have v-ed 表示过去表示过去“很可能发生很可能
19、发生”3)may/might have v-ed 表过去某事表过去某事“也许也许”发生发生 4)ought to/should have v-ed意为意为“本来应该做本来应该做”5)neednt have v-ed 意为意为“本没必要做本没必要做”1.情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形表示对现在的推测表示对现在的推测第二十五页,讲稿共三十五页哦 1.must have v-ed 例如:1)Since the ditch is full of water,it must have rained last night.2)You couldnt have met my grandmother.Sh
20、e died before you were born.must have v-ed 表示推测过去某事表示推测过去某事“一定一定”发生了。其发生了。其否定形式为:否定形式为:cant/couldnt have v-ed,表示过去不可表示过去不可能发生某事。能发生某事。第二十六页,讲稿共三十五页哦2 could have v-ed could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动表示推测过去某动作作“很可能很可能”发生了。发生了。例如:例如:Mary could have off with her friends.第二十七页,讲稿共三十五页哦 3.may/might have v-ed may/
21、might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性稍大些。例如:I cant find my keys.I may/might have left them at the school yesterday.第二十八页,讲稿共三十五页哦4 should have v-ed如:You should have told me the truth.You shouldnt have left her alone.You ought not to have left her alone.ought to/should have v-ed 表示表示“本本应
22、该应该”,含有含有“责备责备”、“不满不满”。Shouldnt have done./Ought not to have done 意为意为“本来不应该本来不应该.”第二十九页,讲稿共三十五页哦5.neednt have v-edneednt have v-ed 意为意为“本没必要本没必要”。表。表示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,示过去做了某事,但没有做的必要,例如:例如:You neednt have waken me up;I dont have to go to work today.You needn;t wash these clothes for me,I can manage i
23、t.第三十页,讲稿共三十五页哦1.A leftluggage office is a place where bags _be left for a short time,especially at a railway station.A.should B.can C.must D.will2.How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?A.can B.must C.need D.may3.The room is so dirty._
24、we clean it?-Of course.A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do第三十一页,讲稿共三十五页哦4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who _ have taken it?A.should B.must C.could D.would5.Is John coming by train?-He should,but he _ not.He likes driving his car.A.must B.can C.need D.may6.-I heard they went skiing in the mo
25、untains last winter.-It_ true because there was little snow there.A.may not be B.wont be C.couldt be D.mustnt be第三十二页,讲稿共三十五页哦26.I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I _ for her.A.had to write it out B.must have written it outC.should have written it out D.ought to write it 27.Michael _be a poli
26、ceman,for he is much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may20.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could第三十三页,讲稿共三十五页哦16.Sorry,Im late.I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.will14.
27、Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might15.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he _ your lecture.A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attendedC.mustnt have attended D.shouldnt have attended第三十四页,讲稿共三十五页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第三十五页,讲稿共三十五页哦