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1、2022年广东公共英语考试真题卷（本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。）单位:姓名:考号:题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分分值得分、单项选择题（共50题,每题2分。每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意）1. For Immanuel Kant, the EnIightenment could be captured in two smalI words: sapere aude "dare to think". When 3. 500 individuals professional ly devoted to this proposi
2、tion are gathered under one roof, as happened at the 20th World Congress of Phi Iosophy in Boston this week, the effect may be more of Babel than of 18th-gentury discourse. Modern ph i I osophy speaks a bew i Ider i ng var i ety of I anguages, from ana lytic logic to ex i stent i a I ism, poststruct
3、uralism, sem i ot i cs and the wiIder shores of ecofeminism, and there is a fair degree of apartheid between its practitioners. Hence the temptat ion to view the discipl ine as too raref ied and "academic" for mere mortals. Britons are notoriously wary of theory; the nat i onaI prejudice i
4、s we 11 captured by Ki pling’s " If you can think and not make thoughts your master . " Isaiah BerI in captured British hearts with his tongue-in-cheek remark that he had turned to pol itical thought because "ph i I osophy can on I y be done by very clever peopIe". This is
5、one of the few European countries where a I most no schoo I teaches ph i I osophy. Yet in thi s age of uncerta i nty, when today’s vocationaI training may be tomorrow’s passport to redundancy, "dare to th i nk" shouId be the motto p i nned on the walI of every undergraduate roo
6、m and recruitment agency. Phi Iosophy is making a modest comeback in British universities, and not before time. The great vi rtue of phi Iosophy is that it teaches not what to think, but how to think. It is the study of mean i ngf of the principles under lying conduct, thought and knowledge. The ski
7、lls it hones are the ability to analyse, to question orthodoxies and to express things clearly. However arcane some ph i I osoph i ca I texts may be—and not everybody can come to grips with the demands of Austrian logical positivism—the ability to formuI ate quest i ons and follow argume
8、nts is the essence of education. It can also be studied at many levels. In the US, where the number of phi Iosophy graduates has increased by 5 per cent a year during the 1990s, only a very few go on to become phi losophers. Their employabi I ity, at 98.9 per cent, is impressive by any standard. Phi
9、 I osophy has a I ways been a good training for the law; but it is equal ly useful for computer scientists. In this country, the Higher Education Statistics Survey puts phiIosophy of science right up with medicine in its empIoyment record for graduates. Phi Iosophy is, in commercial jargon, the u11i
10、mate "transferabIe work ski Il". That is not the only argument for expand i ng ph iIosophy departments and encouraging sixth-formers to read PI ato, or John Stuart Mill on I iberty. Chris Woodhead, the Chief Inspector of Schoo Isf has caut i oned aga i nst an obsession with the narrowly vo
11、cationaI. Lecturing the Confederation of British Industry on the "sIy uti I itarianism" of employers, he defends a I iberal educat i on as need i ng " no justification beyond the satisfaction and enjoyment that it brings"Teenagers waiting for their A level results and pondering de
12、gree courses shouId consider phi Iosophy. It is rewarding in itself; and it could nowadays be the passport to a successful, varied career.What do the quotes of Kipling and Isaiah BerI in in paragraph 2 show (). A. British peopIe have prejudice against phi Iosophy.B. Ph iIosophy Used to be regarded t
13、oo difficult for peopIe.G. Politics is easier to master than phi Iosophy.D. PeopIe wi11 be ensIaved by phiIosophicaI thoughts.2. W： Professor Williams, we now have many kinds of food that are called organic. For example, we have organic dairy products, organic meat and chicken. Do we have organic fi
14、sh nowM： Well, the answer to your question is yes, and no. In the United States, the term "；organic"； has a legal meaning set by the Department of Agriculture. The department has an official label&rsquo； to mark products that have met the requirements of its National Organic Program. Organic
15、 products usually cost more, but their sales are growing. As a result, there is competition to label more products organic because many people believe they are healthier. Now Agriculture Department officials are trying to decide whether fish can be called organic. W： Yes, as you said, many agricultu
16、ral produces are labeled organic, but in the US, there is no such thing called organic fish yet. M： Many operators of fish farms believe they could sell more fish if they could label them organic. The industry that sells wild-caught fish is already under pressure from farm-raised seafood. That press
17、ure could increase if the Agriculture Department approves proposed requirements for labeling fish organic. W： I am sure there are criteria for the fish to meet if they can be called organic. M： Yes, Earning the organic label requires controlled conditions. The question is whether fish that swim wild
18、 and free-like Alaskan salmoncould meet the proposed requirements. Yet fish farms might not all be able to meet them either. Some operations are criticized for their treatment of fish and the risk of pollution to waterways. Fish farmers and the wild-caught industry also argue about the possible pres
19、ence of harmful chemicals in each other&rsquo；s products.A few years ago, an advisory committee considered requests by fish farmers to call their products organic. The experts said farm-raised fish should be labeled organic only if they were fed almost completely organic plant food. Farmed fish ofte
20、n have little or no fish in their diet. But those proposed guidelines were not used. W： When do you think American people can have organic fish on their tableM： More recently, the Agriculture Department formed another group to examine possible requirements. This time, the committee suggested several
21、 kinds of food that farmed fish could eat and still be called organic. But 1 think a decision about whether fish can be sold with the organic label may still take two years or more. Which of the following is TRUE().A. Fish started to be sold with the organic label a few years ago in the US.B. The US
22、 government has adopted guidelines recommended by an advisory committee.C. The issue of labeling fish organic won&rsquo；t be solved very soon.D. The American fishing industry is beginning to lose patience.3. For ImmanueI Kant, the EnIightenment could be captured in two smalI words: sapere aude "
23、;dare to think". When 3.500 individuals professional ly devoted to this proposition are gathered under one roof, as happened at the 20th World Congress of Phi losophy in Boston this week, the effect may be more of Babel than of 18th-gentury discourse. Modern ph i I osophy speaks a bew i Ider i
24、ng var i ety of languages, from ana lytic logic to ex i stent i a Ii smf poststructuralism, sem i ot i cs and the wiIder shores of ecofeminism, and there is a fair degree of apartheid between its practitioners. Hence the temptat i on to v i ew the discipl ine as too rarefied and "academic"
25、 for mere mortals. Britons are notor iousIy wary of theory; the nat i onaI prejudice is we 11 captured by Ki pling’s " If you can think and not make thoughts your master . " Isaiah BerI in captured British hearts with his tongue-in-cheek remark that he had turned to pol it ical thoug
26、ht because " ph i I osophy can on I y be done by very clever peopIe". This is one of the few European countries where a I most no schoo I teaches ph i I osophy. Yet in thi s age of uncerta i nty, when today’s vocationaI training may be tomorrow’s passport to redundancy, "d
27、are to th i nk" shouId be the motto p i nned on the walI of every undergraduate room and recruitment agency. Phi Iosophy is making a modest comeback in British universities, and not before time. The great vi rtue of phi Iosophy is that it teaches not what to think, but how to think. It is the s
28、tudy of mean ing, of the principles under lying conduct, thought and knowledge. The skills it hones are the ability to analyse, to question orthodoxies and to express things clearly. However arcane some ph i I osoph i ca I texts may be—and not everybody can come to grips with the demands of Au
29、strian logical positivism—the ability to formuI ate questions and follow arguments is the essence of education. It can also be studied at many levels. In the US, where the number of phi Iosophy graduates has increased by 5 per cent a year during the 1990s, only a very few go on to become phi l
30、osophers. Their employabi I ity, at 98.9 per cent, is impressive by any standard. Phi I osophy has a I ways been a good training for the law; but it is equal ly useful for computer scientists. In this country, the Higher Education Statistics Survey puts phiIosophy of science right up with medicine i
31、n its empIoyment record for graduates. Phi Iosophy is, in commercial jargon, the u11imate "transferabIe work ski Il". That is not the only argument for expand i ng ph iIosophy departments and encouraging sixth-formers to read Plato, or John Stuart Mill on I iberty. Chris Woodhead, the Chie
32、f Inspector of Schools, has cautioned against an obsession with the narrowly vocationaI. Lecturing the Confederation of British Industry on the "sIy uti I itarianism" of employers, he defends a I iberal educat i on as need i ng " no justification beyond the satisfaction and enjoyment
33、that it brings". Teenagers waiting for their A level results and pondering degree courses shouId consider philosophy. It is rewarding in itself; and it could nowadays be the passport to a successfuIv varied career.Why is phi Iosophy of vital signif icance to education().A. Because it offers fun
34、damenta I vaIues to educat ion.B. Because it trains creativity by advocating sapere aude.C. Because its arcane texts are benef i c i a I to students.D. Because phiIosophy graduates can find better jobs.4.Farmers usually use plows to prepare their fields for planting crops. Plows cut into the ground,
35、 and lift up weeds, and other unwanted plants. However, plowing is blamed for causing severe damage to top soil by removing the plants that protect soil from being blown or washed away. Many farmers in South Asia are now trying a process called Low Till Farming. Low Till Farming limits the use of pl
36、ows. In this method of farming, seeds and fertilizer are put into the soil through small cuts made in the surface of the ground. Low Till Agriculture leaves much or all the soil and remains of plants on the ground. They serve as a natural fertilizer and help support the roots of future crops. They t
37、ake in rain and allow it to flow into the soil instead of running off. It has been proved that Low Till Farming increases harvests and reduces water use, and this method reduces the need for chemical products because there are fewer unwanted plants. Scientists say Low Till Farming is becoming popula
38、r in South Asia, which is facing a severe water shortage. They say the area will become dependent on imported food unless water is saved through methods like Low Till Farming. Currently, more than 150 million people in South Asia depend on local rice and wheat crops. Farmers grow rice during wet wea
39、ther. During the dry season they grow wheat in the same fields. Farmers are using the Low Till Farming method to plant wheat after harvesting rice. Scientists say Low Till Agriculture is one of the best examples in the world of technologies working for both people and the environment.How many people
40、 depend on local rice and food in South Asia currently(). A. More than 150 million people.B. Less than 150 million people.C. About 1 00 million people.D. About 120 million people.5. Letter-writing goes back thousands of years but heated up during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Histor i ca11y(perha
41、ps now)Ietters were indicators of status and breeding. Like conversation, they were used to manipuIatey embelIish, entertain, threaten, seduce and of course do bus i ness. On the way home from d i scover i ng Amer i ca, Chr i stopher Co I umbus got caught in a storm and his mind turned—as a go
42、od bourgeois parent—to his two sons. Who would pay their schooI fees if he came to a watery end He pieked up a qui11 and documented his accompIishments on the voyage for his Spanish patrons, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel la, rolled up the letter in a wooden Madeira cask and threw it into the
43、 sea. This was not so much for posterity but rather what University of York professor Wi 11 iam H. Sherman has called " a father’s desperate pet ition for the future support of his chiIdren. "The 18th century was strong on the epistolary book, which made authors’ quarrels espec
44、ially amusing. Tobias Smo11ett wrote Travels Through France & Italy (my favourite letter contains his description of French women: "As their faces are conceaIed under a false comp I ex i on, so their heads are covered with a vast Ioad of false hair, frizzled at the forehead, so as exact I y
45、 to resemble the woo 11 y heads of the Gu i nea negroes"). His approach to anything foreign was considered so fulI of spleen by author Laurence Sterne that he was moved to write A SentimentaI Journey. This satiricaI novel gives Smo11ett the name SmeIfungus—a cantankerous man add i cted to
46、 exaggeration, who talks of being "fIay’d a Ii ve" by cannibals: "l’11 tel I it, cried Sme I fungus, to the world. You had better tel I it, said I, to your physician. " SamueI Johnson, in referr ing to his own letters, claims ". his soul I ies naked" but he
47、had doubts about the truthfu I ness of others, writing that there was " no transact i on wh i ch offers stronger temptat i ons to fa 11acy and soph i st i cat i on than epistolary intercourse. "How-to books abounded. Letters, apart from business ones, were seen as a fem i n i ne task, and
48、temp Iates addressed fem ini ne prob I ems. The New Academy of Comp I ements, for examp I e, pub I i shed in 1671, titled the letter to be written by abandoned women "A Crack’t Virgin to Her DeceitfuI Friend. " Hand-wringing is the motif. "Now you appear so foul, that nothing ca
49、n be more monstrous; is this the fruit of your Promises and Vows . how comes it then to pass, that you forsake me, ruine my Reputation, and leave me to become the Map of Shame and Ignominy . " I long to use the Map of Shame bit but I suspect it was as unheIpfuI then as boi I ing bunnies is now. A Vanderbi It University study says chi Idren taught cursive writing learn and express themseIves better. If so, I have a few suggestions for our educators; How about letters "On Reprimandin