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1、2012考研英语（一）真题参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot its legitimacy as g
2、uardian of the rule of law justices behave like politicians. Yet, in severalinstances, justices acted in ways that the court s reputation for being independent and impartial Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less l
3、ikely that the court s decisions will be as impartial judgments. Part of the problemis that the justices are not by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself tothe code of conduct that to the rest of the federal judiciary。This and other cases the question of whether there is st
4、ill a between the court and politicsoThe framers of the Constitution envisioned law having authority apart from politics. They gavejustices permanent positions they would be free to those in power and have no need to political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics pre
5、cisely because they are so closely Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social likeliberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it is inescapably political which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so
6、 easily as unjustThe justices must doubts about the court * s legitimacy by making themselves to the code ofconduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, convincing as lawo1 A emphasizeB maintainC modifyD recognize 2 A whenB bestC beforeD unles 3 A rend
7、eredB weakenedC establishedD eliminated4 A challengedB compromisedC suspectedD accepted 5. A advancedB caught C boundD founded 6. A resistantB subjectC immuneD prone 7. A resortsB sticksC leadsD applies 8. A evadeB raiseC denyD settle 9. A 1ineB barrier C similarity D conflict 10. A byB asC throughD
8、 towards 11. A soB sinceC providedD though 12. A serveB satisfyC upsetD replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guardedB followedC studiedD tied15. A concepts B theories C divisions D conveniencel6. A excludes B questions C shapes D controlsl7. A dismissed B released C ranked D dist
9、ortedl8. A suppress B exploitC addressD ignore 19. A accessibleB. amiableC agreeable D accountable20. A by all meansB at all costsC in a wordD as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Ma
10、rk your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)Text 2 Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink intrinsically bad, but it is a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one w
11、ay, it also repeatedly and firmly fused girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls* lives and interestsoGirls* att
12、raction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it*s not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical
13、 matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What*s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated wit
14、h strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children1 s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem innately at
15、tractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical yearsI had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that p
16、hase was something experts developed after years of research into children* s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s。Trade publications counselled department stores
17、that, in order to increase sales, they should create a third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids* clothes. It was only after toddler became common shoppers* term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has prov
18、ed a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences - or invent them where they did not previously exist26 By saying it is . The rainbow(line 3, Para 1), the author means pink A should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB shoul
19、d not be associated with girls， innocenceC cannot explain girls, lack of imaginationD cannot influence girls, lives and interests27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls, DNA B Blue used to be regarded as the color for girlsC Pink used to b
20、e a neutral color in symbolizing gendersD White is preferred by babies28 The author suggests that our perception of children, s psychological devotement was much influenced by A the marketing of products for childrenB the observation of children, s natureC researches into children* s behaviorD studi
21、es of childhood consumption29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advisedA focuses on infant wear and older kids clothesB attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groups D create some common shoppers, terms 30. it can be concluded that girl
22、, s attraction to pink seems to be 0A clearly explained by their inborn tendency B fully understood by clothing manufacturers C mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological expertsPart B Directions:For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the li
23、st A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Part C Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlin
24、ed segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 10 points)Section III Writing Part A 51. Directions:You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Postgraduates, Association instead. (10 points)Part
25、 B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should describe the picture briefly, explain its intended meaning, and give your commentso You should write neatly on answer sheet 2.2012年全国硕士 研究生入学考试英语试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MSCan
26、didates (NETEM)跨考英语教研室杨凤芝 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points) The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot its le
27、gitimacy as guardian of the rule of law justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that the court s reputation for being independent and impartial Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity m
28、akes it less likely that the court s decisions will be as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is thatthe justices are not by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself to the code of conduct that to the rest of the federal judiciaryoThis and other cases the question of whet
29、her there is still a between the court and politics,. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law having authority apartfrom politics. They gave justices permanent positions they would be free to those in power and have no need to political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart
30、from politics precisely because they are so closely Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it is inescapably political - which is why decisions split along ideo
31、logical lines are so easily as unjusto The justices must doubts about the court s legitimacy by makingthemselves to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, , convincing as lawo 1 A emphasize B maintain C modify D recognize 2 A when B b
32、est C before D unless 3 A rendered B weakened C established D eliminated4 A challenged B compromised C suspected D accepted 5. A advanced B caught C bound D founded 6. A resistant B subject C immune D prone 7. A resorts B sticks C leads D applies 8. A evade B raise C deny D settle 9. A line B barrie
33、r C similarity D conflict 10. A by B as C through D towards 11. A so B since C provided D though 12. A serve B satisfy C upset D replace 13. A confirm B express C cultivate D offer 14 A guarded B followed C studied I) tied15 . A concepts B theories C divisions D conveniencel6. A excludes B questions
34、 C shapes D controlsl?. A dismissed B released C ranked D distortedl8. A suppress B exploit C address D ignore 19. A accessible B. amiable C agreeable D accountable20. A by all means B at all costs C in a word D as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four text
35、s, choosing A, B, C or D. Text 2Pretty in pink: adult women do colour, yet it is pervasive in intrinsically bad, but it is a celebrate girlhood in one way,not remember being so obsessed our young girls lives. It is tiny slice of the rainbow and,with the not that pink though it mayit also repeatedly
36、and firmly fused girlsAnswer the questions below each text by Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (40 points)identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence。Looking around, despaired at the singular l
37、ack of imagination about girls lives and interests。Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, its not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before dom
38、estic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boi1 them. What,s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actuallyconsidered the more masculine
39、 colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children，s marketing strategy, that pink f
40、ully came into its own, when it began to seem innately attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical yearsI had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psyc
41、hological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing gimmick by clothing manufacturers in the
42、 1930s。 Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a third stepping stone between infant wear and older kids* clothes. It was only after “toddler became common shoppers, term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitt
43、ing kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences - or invent them where they did not previously existo 26 By saying it is . The rainbow(line 3, Para 1), the author means pink
44、 A should not be the sole representation of girlhood B should not be associated with girls innocence C cannot explain girls lack of imagination D cannot influence girls lives and interests 27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?A Colors are encoded in girls DNA B Blue
45、 used to be regarded as the color for girls C Pink used to be a neutral color in symbolizing genders D White is preferred by babies 28 The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological devotement was much influenced by A the marketing of products for children B the observation of ch
46、ildrens nature C researches into children* s behaviorD studies of childhood consumption 29. We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised A focuses on infant wear and older kids clothes B attach equal importance to different gendersC classify consumers into smaller groupsD create
47、 some common shoppers terms 30. it can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be A clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB fully understood by clothing manufacturers C mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmenD well interpreted by psychological experts Part B Directions:For questi
48、ons 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into thenumbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points) Part C Directions:Read t
49、he following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Section III Writing Part A 51. Directions:You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Postgraduates Ass