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1、小升初英语语法大全（图文版，实用）分类、名词（可数名词和,八 there be结构不可数名词）二、人称代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词 九、句式 1.肯定句 2.否定句 3疑问句 4.祈使句 十、时态： 1.一般现在时 2一般过去时 3.现在进行时 4.一般将来时 十一、“wh”的特殊疑问百名词名词表示人和事物名称的词)专有名词特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第个字母通常要大写.e.g. Jim Green. New York, Bank of China, Peking University星期、月份、节日.学科、报刊名也是专有名词.普通名词个体名词一姓某类人或豕西巾的
2、个体.如，m&Wdtsk集体名词表示若干个体组成的集合体,如：doss . family物质名词一表示无法分为个体的物防名稼，如，, sand, hair 抽象名H表不倚星,状态.品4S等抽象名称,如：. crwlssnss个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算.称为不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。名词的数英语语法中，只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。不可数名词chicken （鸡，一种动物）fish （鱼，一种动物）an ice cream （一个冰淇
3、淋） a tomato salad （一种西红柿沙拉）chicken （鸡肉）fish （鱼肉）ice cream （冰淇淋这一类）salad （沙拉这一类）名词复数形式的构成形式变化规则发音例词一般情况1 .清辅音结尾的名词后s2 .浊辅音结尾的名词后z；3 .元音结尾的名词后z;books, cups, cats dogs, birds, arms days, players以-ch,-x,-z结尾的名词+esbus, brush, boxes, watch.大多数以-。结尾的有生命名词+esztomatoes, potatoes,heroes以。结尾的无生命名词szradios, pia
4、nos .photos以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词把y改成i再加eszstories, families, babies以f和fe结尾的大多数名词把f或fe改成v再加eszthieves, knives, wives不规则名词的复数1 .由元音字母的变化构成：man-rnen, tooth-teeth, foot-feet, mouse-mice, woman-women2 .有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：sheep, deer, fish（但也可以是fishes）3 .有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children, ox-oxenPractisezoos1. peach pe
5、aches3. glass glasses5. lady la&es7. house nuses9. monkey monkeys11. rose roses13. judge judges2. zoo4. fox fox-6. policewoman Polomen8. photo phonos10. wife wives12. pa+h Paths14. map maps二、人称代词和物主代人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称ImeWeMyMine第二人称youyouYouYouryours第三人称She/he/ithimTheyHer/his/itsHers/his/its
6、复数weusourours主格一般用在句子前面，宾格用在动词后面,I am Li Le. Call me Ie Ie.形容词性物主代词指某人的什么，my book （我的书）,your puppy.尔的4峋）名词性人称代词指什么是某人的This book is mine.（这本书是我时Practise1. He （他）is my brother.2.1 had a letter from her（她）.3. Its all right; its only me（我）.4. Today we （我们）went inour（我们的）car;tomorrow we（莪们）are going in 福
7、eirs（他们的）.5. （我）lend 1Tty （我的）books gladly tomy （我的）friends and to yours （你的）.6. Can you help me （我）with Ey （我的）English.7. When you （你）go to see your （你的）father, please take these books to him （他）8. They （他们）found Jt（它）difficult to learn German.双重所有格所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加Schild-childs以-S结尾的单数人称名词末尾加s waitr
8、ess-waitresss不规则的笈数人称名词末尾加Schildren-childrens以-S结尾的复数人称名词末尾加girls-girls以-S结尾的一些人名末尾加SJames-Jamess下列情况一般用“of”结构：1 .东西（没有现成的复合名词时）：the book of the film2 .东西的一部分：the bottom of the box3 .抽象的概念：the price of success4 .当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?s结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如
9、：a friend of my fathers ,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：this son of mine, a friend of yours, a cousin of hers等等。Isnt Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same Joke five times.不定冠词a,an只能用于单数可数名词之前定冠词the单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词零冠词一名词前可不用冠词不定冠词的用法：1 .表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思。I have a s
10、ister and two brothers.2 .在某些度量表示法中：We have PE lessons three times a week.3 .用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。George wants to be an engineer.4 .在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。What a pretty girll5 .一些常用短语中。have a good time, half an hour, have a headache.零冠词的用法：1 .泛指的抽象名词前e Life is very hard for some people.2 .泛指的物
11、质名词前。Water is very useful.3 .泛指的复数名词前。Books are my best friends.4 .泛指的“餐”名前。Come to have dinner/breakfast with me.5 .大多数的专有名词前.He comes from France.6 .语言的名词前。She can speak French.7 .在季节和节日的名词前。Winter is the best time for skating.8 .当名词前已有一些代词修饰时.My brother is a soldier.9 .在体育项目的名词前。play basketball10
12、 .一些常用短语。at home, go to school, at night1. There is G notebook on my desk. I use _thNotebook to keep a diary.2. There is Q bottle on the table. The water in it is sweet.3. Wangs mother is GH English teacher. She teaches in 十he primary school.4. China is y ancient country with a long history.5. China
13、 has the_ population of 12 hundred million. The Chinese people are / great people.6. Her mother is Cl university teacher. She is an honest woman.7. None of the books should be taken out of th room withoutL permission of 十he librarian.8. The Party always teaches us to work for / people heart andNo. 3
14、 Middle School. She goes to * school bysoul./ English. She studies at9. She studies at /bus every day.10. My elder sister is G student of a college.U!动词动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质,有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、 be动词、情态动词can, must等。am, is,areBe动词= was, werebeenPractise1. Hevery good at English.2. My fath
15、er and I are going to Beijing next month.3. WC you on duty the day before yesterday?4. Mr. King WS 历 London two weeks ago.5. There ar? many kinds of animals in the zoo.6. What WC1S the date yesterday?7. Look! A little girl ISflying a kite.8. Who WO，not at school last Monday?9. Have you ever been to
16、Japan?10.10 not a nurse. I work as a doctor.动词的基本形式原形第三人称单数现在式过去式过去分词现在分词studystudiesstudiedstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhaving1 earnlearnslearned /learntlearned /learntlearning第三人称单数现在式情况变化规则例词一般情况+Sworks, learns, eats, needs,says结尾为s,x,sh,ch,。*espasses, washes, teaches, goes, fixe
17、s结尾为辅音字母:+y变y为 i+escarries, studies, flies, hurries, cries动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式分别是is和has。构成例词读音、在动词后加ed在以e结尾的动词后加ed在以辅音字母加 y结尾的动词后，先变y为i再加ed在重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅普字母时，须双写这个辅音字母再加ed在清辅昔后读tlooked washed passedhoped likedstopped dropped在元音和浊辅音后读dstayed calledlivedstudied tried carriedplannedpreferred在辅音t、d
18、后读idtasted neededadmitted permitted现在分词情况变化规则例词一般情况doing, asking, helping以不发音的e结尾的动词去e加inghaving, taking, writing, living以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ingrunning, swimming, putting, sittingProictise原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词havehashadhavinggivegivesgavegivinggetgetsgotgettingreadreadsreadreadingsweepsw
19、eepssweptsweepingplayplaysplayedplayingcarrycarriescarriedcarrying五、动词的时态动词，的一种，小学阶段所学的时态有：1 .一般现在时:work/works2 .现在进行时：am/is/are working3 .一般过去时：worked4 .一般将来时：am/is/are going to work一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能1 .表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2 .表示经常性或习惯性的动作。常与时间副词连用：always, often, usually eve
20、ry., on Sundays, twice a week等。如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床e3 .表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句I work.We work.I don*t work.We dont work.Do I work?Do we work?You work.You dont work.bo you work?They vyork.They dont work.bo they work?She 1He works.ItSheHe doesn
21、t work.ItsneDoes he work? if一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink go stay makelook have pass carry二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy(be) in Class One.3. We(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. thev (like) the World Cup?6. your parents(read) newspapers ever
22、y day?7. The girl(teach) us English on Sundays.8. She and I(take) a walk together every evening o三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.（改为否定句）2.1 do my homework every day.（改为般疑问句，作否定回答）工与he likes milk.（改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答）4. We go to school every morning改为否定句）四、改错（划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上）1. Is your broth
23、er speak English?2. Does he likes going fishing?3. He likes play games after class.一4. Mr. Wu teacns us English.一5. She don,t do her homework on Sundavs.现在进行时通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作.它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。常见的与现在进行时有关的词有： now, these days, look, listen等。肯定句否定句一般疑问句I am working. We are working.Im not wor
24、king.Were not working.Am I working?Are we working?You are working.You arent working.Are you working?They are working.、They arent working.、Are they working?SheHe is working.ItShe 1He isnt working. ItsheIs he working* it动词加ing的变化规则1 .一般情况下，直接加ing,如：cook-cooking2 .以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing,如：make-making, taste-t
25、asting3 .假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing如：run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词:run_swimmake_ begin_go一likewriteshophave_sing _dance_putsee_love_livetakecome. get_stopsit二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1,The boy( draw) a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls( sing) in the classroom .3. My mother( cook )s
26、ome nice food now.4. What you( do ) now?5. Look . They( have) an English lesson .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .（分别改成一般疑问句和否定句）2. The students are cleaning the classroom .（改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答）一般过去时通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday, last.,.ago, just now, in 198等。肯定句否定句一般疑问句I
27、worked.We worked.I didnt work.We didnt work.Did I work?Did we work?You worked.You didnt work.Did you work?They worked.They didnt work.bid they work?SheHeworked.ItSheHe didnt work.It JsheDid he work? it5.不规则动词过去式：am、is-was, are-were, do-didsee-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got go-went, come-came, hav
28、e-had, eat-ate take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat、用动词的适当形式填空1. It(be) Bens birthday last Friday.2. We all(have) a good time last night.3. He(jump) high on last Sports Day.4. Helen(milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes ne
29、wspapers, but she a bookyesterday,(read)6. they(sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they.7. I(watch) a cartoon on Monday.一般将来时基本结构表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow,next，Be going to d。表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做菜事：也可以表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。上广工7 Z-1月定句否定句一般疑问句Im going to work.Were going to work.Im not goi
30、ng to work.We arent going to work.Am I going to work?Are we going to work?Youre going to work.You arent going to work.Are you going to work?Theyre going to work.They arent going to work.Are they going to work?ShejHe is going to work.ItShe-He tsn t going to work.It JsheIs he going to work?练习：填空。1 .我打
31、算明天和朋友去野炊。I have a picnic with my friends.I have a picnic with my friends.2 .下个星期一你打算去干雅?我想去打篮球.WhatnextMonday? I play basketball （同义句3 .你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 your mother go shopping this?Yes, she. Shebuy some fruit.4 .你们打算什么时候见面。What time you meet?用所给词的适当形式填空1. Today is a sunny day. We _(have) a
32、picnic this afternoon.2. My brother(go) to Shanghai next week.3. Tom often(go) to school on foot. But today is rain.He(go) to school by bike.4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually(watch) TV and(catch) insects?5. Its Friday today. What she(do)this weekend? She(watch) TV and(catch) insects.s
33、ummary1. Peter plcyw (play) basketball twice a week.2. Do you believe what he Said (say) just now?3. Look! The lazy cat is sleeping (sleep) in the sofa.4. There is (be) a book and two pens on the desk.5. Are you going -。See (see ) a film tomorrow morning?6. She isnt plcying (not play) the guitar at
34、the moment.7. What does his father usually do (do) in the evening ?8. They are going t。have( have ) a meeting next week, arent they?9. Both he and I are (be) teachers.1. .1 didnt feel (not feel) very well yesterday .11. He put on his coat and went (go) out.12. Lei Feng often helps(help) others and h
35、e was helpful.13. Next Sunday, we are going t。clean (clean) up the park.14. Hurry! Your mother is waitinq (wait) for you at the school gate.方位介词时间介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。in, on, at, under, to, behind,beside, near, before,in front of, next
36、to, betweenin, on, at, after, before,from.to, past, betweenof, by, with, into, out of, for,Practise1. Look dt the picture. Its picture of my school.2. There is a school building in my school.1+ has five floors. Near the school building, there is a big playground.After schooI, the children always pla
37、y ball games there.3. My classroom is on the fifth floor. Its big and clean.4. Miss Li is our class teacher. She comes to school early every morning. She comes by bicycle. Then she does morning exercises wit us. She likes sports. Tomorrow is her birthday. We will make a card for her. We love her ver
38、y much.5. There are some apples on the tree.七、数词1 .表示数目的词称为基数词2 .表示数目顺序的词称为序数词1.1-12的基数同：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve1319的基数词：-teenthirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen20-90的基数词：-tytwenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy
39、, eighty, ninety21-29的基数：十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five.twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-ninethirty-nine, forty-eight, fifty-seven.2 .百位数：百位数和卜位数之间加and。one hundred, two hundred, three hundred, four hundred.five hundred and eight-six, six h
40、undred and ninety-nine, seven hundred and eight, eight hundred and one3 .千位数:one thousand, four thousand, seven thousand one hundred and five:土音L英语中没有“万”这个单位，所以常用thousand来表示。ten thousand, thirty thousand, fifteen thousand one hundred, five hundred and one thousand four hundred and thirty-two1 .英语序数词
41、第1-19除了first, second与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀-th构成。注意：fifth, eighth, ninth和twelfth的拼法。2 .十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为i,然后加后缀-eth,如：twentytwentieth, fortyfortieth3 .十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用/连字符。如：twenty-fourth, ninety-fifth4 .百、千、万等的序数词由hundred, thousand, m川ion等加-th,前面加有关的基数词构成。如：o
42、ne hundredth, one thousandth注意：序数词前的。ne不能用a代替。one hundred and twenty-firstPractise1. There are C days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-fiveC. three hundred and sixty-five b. three hundred and sixty five2. D people visit this museum every day.A. HundredB. HundredsC.
43、Hundred ofD. Hundreds of3. There are twoA people in the meeting room.A. hundred B.hundredsC. hundreds of D. hundred of4_A_ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of b. Two thousand of5. My brother is in R .A. Three Class, One GradeB. C
44、lass Three, Grade OneC. Grade One, Class ThreeD. class three, grade one6. We are going to learn D this term.A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six7. We can say the number 78,645 in English like this C .A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five8. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five9. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five八、形容词和副词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。1. He is a 御。4 student.2. The film