2000-2011年历年考研英语真题答案完美打印版(2011考研英语).docx-淘文阁

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1、2011考研英语(-)真题完整版参考答案Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health. But _1someclaims to the c

2、ontrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hardlaughter is difficult to _4, a good laugh is unlikely to have _5benefits the way, say, walk

3、ing or jogging does.6, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7, studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter_8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably

4、 help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of10feedback, that improve an individuals emotional state. _11 oneclassical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12physical reactions. It was argued at the end ofthe 19th centu

5、ry that humans do not cry13they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also 14tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15muscular responses. Inan experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wiirzburg in Germany asked

6、volunteers to _16a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile - or with their lips, which wouldproduce a(n) _17expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whosemonths were contracted in a frown, 19that expressions may influence em

7、otions rather than just the other wayaround _20 , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1 .Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2 .Areflect BJdemand Cindicate Dlproduce3 .Astabilizing Bjboosting Cjimpairing DJdetermining4 .Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve5 .AJmeasurable BJmanageable Caffordab

9、ith Bon Cin Dat13 .Aunless BJuntil Cif Dbecause!4.Aexhausts BJfollows CJprecedes DJsuppresses15 .Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond16 .Afetch BJbite Cpick Dhold17 .Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent18，1 Aadapted |Bcatered Ctumed |Dreacted19 .Asuggesting Brequiring Cmentioning DJsupposing20 .|A|Ev

10、entually |BConsequently C|Similarly |DConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan

11、Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. ikHooray! At last! ” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.On

12、e of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the

13、next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs

14、an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoe

15、rs who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded perfor

16、mances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today4s live performances； moreover, they can be “consumed“ at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of

17、 such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted： Alex Ross, a class

18、ical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into a markedly different, more vibrant organization.* But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succee

19、d, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para. 1 that Gilberts appointment hasAincurred criticism.IB (raised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.D aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is

20、AJinfluential.B modest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23. The author believes that the devoted concert goersAJignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.exaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the tex

21、t, which of the following is true of recordings?AJThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.|CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the auth

22、or feelsAJdoubtful.Benthusiastic.C con fident.Dpuzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of run

23、ning a company. Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision, McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to

24、reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succ

25、ession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may

26、be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior posi

27、tion to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey： I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instruc

28、ted me to look at sitting CEOs first.Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumsta

29、d left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. The traditio

30、nal rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats beenfundamentally inverted, “ says one headhunter. fc4The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant.IB frank.Cself-centered.DJimpu

31、lsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives4 quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status.BJtheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most

32、probably meansI AJapproved of.Battended to.|Chunted for.DJguarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.|Ctop performers care more about reputations.|Dit4s safer to stick to the traditio

33、nal rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?ACEOs： Where to Go?BJCEOs： All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a Net|DThe Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional kkpaid

34、M media - such as television commercials and print advertisements - still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned“ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its W

35、eb site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users* responses. But in some cases, one marketers owned media b

36、ecome another marketers paid media - for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend , which we believe

37、 is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating

38、income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies, marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided m

39、arketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media： an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers

40、, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade ot

41、hers to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company*s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year

42、 with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31. .Consumers may create earned media when they areA obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.|B| i

43、nspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.C eager to help their friends promote quality products.D enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media featureA a safe business environment.|B| random competition.C strong user traffic.D flexibility

44、in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned mediaA invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.B can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.C may be responsible for fiercer competition.|D| deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motors experi

45、ence is cited as an example ofI A responding effectively to hijacked media.B persuading customers into boycotting products.C cooperating with supportive consumers.D taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?A Alternatives to conventional paid media.B Con

46、flict between hijacked and earned media.C Dominance of hijacked media.D Popularity of owned media.Text 4Its no surprise that Jennifer Seniors insightful, provocative magazine cover story, I love My Children, I Hate My Life, is arousing much chatter - nothing gets people talking like the suggestion t

47、hat child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness： instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,

48、 we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a c

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