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1、Section Lesson 4，Communication Workshop&Culture Corner自学导引新知初探自学导引新知初探Step One：Words and Phrases.词汇词汇知知识识1._(vt.)获获得，得到得，得到2._(adj.)值值得的得的3._(n.)宗教宗教4._(n.)保保卫卫，保，保护护5._(vt.)忽忽视视，不，不顾顾acquireworthyreligiondefenceignore6._(adj.)不情愿的不情愿的7._(n.)假定，假假定，假设设8._(vt.)力力劝劝，强强烈要求烈要求9._(v.)启启发发；鼓舞，鼓励；鼓舞，鼓励10._
2、(adj.)传统传统的，保守的的，保守的11._(n.)文明文明12._(adj.)极其重要的极其重要的13._(adj.)有用的，有益的有用的，有益的unwillingassumptionurgeinspireconventionalcivilisationvitalbeneficial14._(vt.)假定，假假定，假设设15._(vt.)使适使适应应16._(n.)欣欣赏赏.重点短重点短语语1.be accustomed _习惯习惯于于2.tend _经经常做，常做，倾倾向于向于 3.approve _赞赞成，成，赞许赞许4._ a whole 总总的来的来说说assumeadaptap
3、preciationtotoof asStep Two：Read the text and fill in the blanks.How we 1._ knowledge and understandingStart with questions2._ the world around you and study the facts to find answersacquireObserve Old ways to gain knowledgeBacon and Galilei3._ the views of the day4._ knowledge and understandingAris
4、totle and other peopleDidnt want to search for their own understanding or 5._ themselvesPrefer to make 6._ about the world based on the experience of othersGo againstFight foreducateassumptions The point of understanding all the truths is to 7._ themThank the great men of the pastBrave enough to 8._
5、 from the conventional thoughtdiscover step out要点透析讲练互动要点透析讲练互动1 acquire vt.学到学到(知识知识)；获得；获得,得到；养成得到；养成(教材教材P42)It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.我们如何获取知识和理解知识现在似乎很显我们如何获取知识和理解知识现在似乎很显而易见。而易见。词汇精研词汇精研词汇精研词汇精研归纳归纳拓展拓展acquire a knowledge of 学会学会(精通精通)acquire a degree/dipl
6、oma 获得学位获得学位/文凭文凭acquisition n.获得；习得获得；习得 With the development of science and technology，people now can acquire far more goods.随着科技的发展，人们现在能得到的商品要随着科技的发展，人们现在能得到的商品要多得多。多得多。We learnt or acquired our mother tongue by communicating with the people around us.我们通过与我们周围的人交流来学习母语我们通过与我们周围的人交流来学习母语.The per
7、iod of language acquisition may be much longer than Chomsky originally thought.语言学习需要的时间也许比乔姆斯语言学习需要的时间也许比乔姆斯基最初的设想要长很多。基最初的设想要长很多。易混辨析易混辨析 acquire，gain，get，obtainacquire vt.获获得，指得，指较较慢而持久地学慢而持久地学到知到知识识，获获得信息等。得信息等。gain vt.&n.指需指需经过经过努力、努力、劳动劳动、斗、斗争才能得到。争才能得到。get vt.口口语语常用常用词词，表示无，表示无论论通通过过什么方式得到的什么
8、方式得到的东东西，西，价价值值可大可小。可大可小。obtain vt.较为较为正式的用正式的用语语，指，指经过经过长长期的努力，最期的努力，最终终取得期取得期待已久的待已久的东东西。西。学以致用学以致用用用acquire，gain，get，obtain 的的适适当当形形式式填空填空(1)They must make an effort to _these new branches of knowledge.(2)Through hard work，they finally _their rights.acquireobtained(3)Mary _full marks in English a
9、nd Math.(4)I _the novel from Tom yesterday.gainedgot2 go against 违背，作对；对违背，作对；对不利不利(教材教材P42).he was going against the views of the day.他背离了当时的观念。他背离了当时的观念。归纳归纳拓展拓展go ahead 开始；继续；往前走开始；继续；往前走go in for 从事；参加；喜欢从事；参加；喜欢go on 发生；继续发生；继续(干某事干某事)go over 复习；检查；查看复习；检查；查看go through 做完；用掉；经历；浏览做完；用掉；经历；浏览go
10、up 涨价，上涨；上升，升级涨价，上涨；上升，升级go without 不吃，没有不吃，没有(供享用供享用)也行也行go after 追求，追追求，追(捕捕)，设法得到，设法得到go by 消失，过去消失，过去 Dont go against your father.不要违背你的父亲。不要违背你的父亲。The election went against him at first，but he won at last.选举开始时对他不利，但最终他获胜了。选举开始时对他不利，但最终他获胜了。Prices have gone up again.物价又上涨了。物价又上涨了。He went throug
11、h all the money his father gave him.他把他父亲给他的钱全花光了。他把他父亲给他的钱全花光了。学以致用学以致用翻翻译译句子句子(1)他的做法他的做法违违背自然法背自然法则则。_(2)我我们们不能不能这样这样打下去了。打下去了。_The way he did it goes against the rule of nature.We cant go on fighting like this.(3)他他们们再再见见面面时时已已经过经过去去5年了。年了。_Five years went by before they saw each other again.3 d
12、efence n.保卫；防御保卫；防御(教材教材P42).were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.常常被教会惩罚，没人为他们辩护。常常被教会惩罚，没人为他们辩护。归纳归纳拓展拓展in defence of 保护保护in ones defence 站在某人一边，为某人辩站在某人一边，为某人辩护护defence against 防御防御defend v.保卫，防御保卫，防御We must do all we can to strengthen our national defence.我们必须尽一切
13、努力来加强我国的国防。我们必须尽一切努力来加强我国的国防。Trees are a defence against the wind.树能挡风。树能挡风。The officers fired at Clark in defence of their own lives.警察们向克拉克开枪自卫。警察们向克拉克开枪自卫。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)他找了最好的律他找了最好的律师为师为他他辩护辩护。He found the best lawyer _.(2)他他们为们为了保了保卫卫国家献出了自己的生命。国家献出了自己的生命。They gave their lives _(倾倾向于向于)the
14、ir country.to defend himin defence of 4 tend to 经常做，倾向于经常做，倾向于(教材教材P42)The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and.教会及很多人经常忽视事实并且教会及很多人经常忽视事实并且归纳归纳拓展拓展tend to/towards sth.倾向于倾向于；趋向；趋向tend to sb.照顾，护理照顾，护理 She tends to get angry if you annoy her.如果你使她烦恼，她容易发火。如果你使她烦恼，她容易发火。She tended to
15、 her patients carefully.她仔细照顾着她的病人。她仔细照顾着她的病人。I tend to your opinion to a certain extent.一定程度上我倾向于你的观点。一定程度上我倾向于你的观点。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)As is often the case，little boys _(倾倾向于向于)be very active and out of control.(2)People _(倾倾向向于于)need less sleep as they get older.tend totend to 5 ignore v.忽视；不理睬忽视；
16、不理睬(教材教材P42)The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.教会以及很多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑教会以及很多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。归纳归纳拓展拓展ignore sth./doing sth.忽视某事，对忽视某事，对不不予理会予理会ignorant adj.无知的，不知道的无知的，不知道的be ignorant
17、 of sth.对对不了解，不了解，对对一无所知一无所知ignorance n.忽视，不理睬忽视，不理睬be in entire ignorance of.对对完全不知情完全不知情 Alice saw Jack coming with a bunch of flower in his hand，but ignored him.艾丽斯看见杰克拿着一束鲜花走来，但故意艾丽斯看见杰克拿着一束鲜花走来，但故意不理他。不理他。To ignore the problem only made the matter worse.忽视这个问题只会使事情更糟糕。忽视这个问题只会使事情更糟糕。He is ignor
18、ant of even the simple rules.他甚至对简单的规则都一无所知。他甚至对简单的规则都一无所知。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)When I saw Jane，I stopped and smiled,but she _(不不理理睬睬)me and walked on.(2)I didnt like to ask him to explain more clearly because I didnt want to appear _(无知的无知的)ignoredignorant6 assumption n.假定，假想假定，假想(教材教材P42)They prefer
19、red to make assumptions about the world based on the experience of others.他们宁愿以前人的经验为依据对世界作出假他们宁愿以前人的经验为依据对世界作出假设。设。归纳归纳拓展拓展make an assumption/make assumptions about.对对作出假设，假定作出假设，假定on the assumption that 假定假定assume vt.假设，假定假设，假定assume sb./sth.to be.假定假定/假设某人某物假设某人某物是是assume that.假设假设，认为，认为It is ass
20、umed that.人们认为，假定人们认为，假定Assuming/Supposing/Provided that.假定假定/假如假如 The third assumption mentioned above is not strictly accurate.上述第三个假设并不是完全正确的。上述第三个假设并不是完全正确的。The project was predicated on the assumption that the economy was expanding.这一计划是以经济发展的设想为依据的。这一计划是以经济发展的设想为依据的。Assume youre right，what sho
21、uld we do next?假定你是对的，我们下一步该怎么做？假定你是对的，我们下一步该怎么做？学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)你的你的设设想太多了。想太多了。Youre making _(2)先假定一定会有人来帮我先假定一定会有人来帮我们们，慢慢等吧。，慢慢等吧。Lets wait _that someone will come to help us.too many assumptionson the assumption(3)如如果果再再过过5分分钟钟他他还还不不来来，我我们们就就认认为为他他是不来了。是不来了。If he isnt here in five minutes，_h
22、e isnt coming.well assume that 7 put forward 向前移；将向前移；将提前；将钟提前；将钟拨快；提出；拿出，出示拨快；提出；拿出，出示(教材教材P42)It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle(384322 BC)人们愿意相信这些古老的观点也毫不奇怪，人们愿意相信这些古老的观点也毫不奇怪，因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提因为
23、这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德提出来的。出来的。归纳归纳拓展拓展put away 储存，收起来放好储存，收起来放好put down 记下，镇压记下，镇压put off 推迟推迟put on 穿上；上演，装出穿上；上演，装出(某种样子某种样子)；增加增加(体重体重)put out 扑灭，熄灭扑灭，熄灭put up 挂起，举起，贴，供给挂起，举起，贴，供给住宿住宿put up with 忍受忍受put/translate.into 把把译成译成put ones heart into.全神贯注于全神贯注于put an end to.结束结束 We shall have to put the mee
24、ting forward.我们得把会议提前。我们得把会议提前。Put your watch forward；its five minutes slow.将你的手表拨快些，它慢了五分钟。将你的手表拨快些，它慢了五分钟。He put forward a plan for the committee to consider.他提出一项计划交由全体委员审议。他提出一项计划交由全体委员审议。Her sudden arrival put an end to their meeting.她的突然到来使他们的会议终止了。她的突然到来使他们的会议终止了。They put up a board where the
25、y could put up notices.他们竖起了一个他们可以在上面张贴通知的他们竖起了一个他们可以在上面张贴通知的牌子。牌子。学以致用学以致用写出下列句子中写出下列句子中put forward的意思的意思(1)When he got to the entrance，he put the pass forward to the guard._(2)They put forward some new ideas on the subject._(3)When he was putting the chair forward，it broke down._拿出，出示拿出，出示提出提出向前移向
26、前移8 urge vt.敦促；鼓励；极力主张；驱策，敦促；鼓励；极力主张；驱策，促使促使n.强烈的愿望强烈的愿望(教材教材P42)At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue.起初起初,人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行.归纳归纳拓展拓展He urges his sisters study.他敦促妹妹学习。他敦促妹妹学习。The senator urged against the adoption of the measure.那参议员极力反对采取这项措施。那参议员极力反对采取这
27、项措施。Your progress will urge us to work hard.你的进步会促使我们努力学习。你的进步会促使我们努力学习。They urged on us the need for cooperation.他们极力向我们强调合作的必要。他们极力向我们强调合作的必要。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子他他们们敦促我敦促我们给们给予支持。予支持。(1)They _our support.(2)They _our support.(3)They _that _our support.urged us to give urged us giving urgedwe should g
28、ive 9 inspire vt.鼓舞，感动鼓舞，感动(教材教材P43)But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times.但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了他以但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了他以后许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也后许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也是错误的。是错误的。归纳归纳拓展拓展Were trying to inspire him with confidence.我
29、们正努力鼓舞他的自信心。我们正努力鼓舞他的自信心。We are inspired to work harder by his example.他所树立的榜样激励我们更加努力工作。他所树立的榜样激励我们更加努力工作。The inspiring music youve just heard was part of the Yellow River Cantata.你刚才听到的振奋人心的音乐是你刚才听到的振奋人心的音乐是黄河大合黄河大合唱唱的一部分。的一部分。He had an inspiration when he was doing his experiment.他在做实验时突发灵感。他在做实验
30、时突发灵感。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)他他的的出出色色表表现现使使球球队队士士气气大大振振，以以50大大获获全全胜胜。His superb play _the team _a thrilling 50 win.(2)在在这这次考次考试试中取得第一名中取得第一名给给我我带带来了信心来了信心.Getting the first prize in this exam _me _confidence.inspiredtoinspiredwith10 vital adj.极其重要的，关系重大的极其重要的，关系重大的(教材教材P43)These men knew that knowledge
31、and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world.这些人懂得，知识和理解是要奋斗的事情，这些人懂得，知识和理解是要奋斗的事情，有些人有些人(甚至甚至)可能认为，对个人或人类来说可能认为，对个人或人类来说,它们比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。它们比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。归纳归纳拓展拓展be vital to/for.对对非常重要非常重要be of vital i
32、mportance 极其重要的极其重要的play a vital role in.在在中扮演极其重要中扮演极其重要的角色的角色 Good financial accounts are vital to the success of any enterprise.良好的财务账目对良好的财务账目对任何公司的成功都是极其重要的。任何公司的成功都是极其重要的。Regular exercise is vital for your health.定期锻炼对你的健康极其重要。定期锻炼对你的健康极其重要。Reading is of vital importance in language learning.阅
33、读在语言学习中至关重要。阅读在语言学习中至关重要。It is vital to be honest with our friends.诚实地对待我们的朋友极其重要。诚实地对待我们的朋友极其重要。学以致用学以致用翻翻译译句子句子(1)食物和衣服食物和衣服对对人人们们来来说说是极其重要的。是极其重要的。_(2)理解理解这这个个问题对进问题对进一步的研究非常重要。一步的研究非常重要。_Food and clothing are of vital importance to human beings.Understanding the question is vital for the further
34、 research.(3)联联合国在伊拉克的重建中合国在伊拉克的重建中发挥发挥重要作用。重要作用。_The United Nations plays a vital role in the reconstruction of Iraq.名名师师微博微博 vital 可用作定可用作定语语和表和表语语。用作表。用作表语时语时，后面，后面可接介可接介词词for或或to引起的短引起的短语语，表示，表示“对对极其重要极其重要”；还还常用于常用于 it 作形式主作形式主语语的句式的句式中，此中，此类类句式常用句式常用不定式不定式或或that 引引导导的主的主语语从句从句作真正的主作真正的主语语；在；在“I
35、t is vital that.”这这一句型中一句型中,从句从句谓语谓语常用常用“should(可省略可省略)动词动词原形原形”表示虚表示虚拟语拟语气。气。11 adapt vt.使适使适应应；改；改编编(教材教材P123)For a start，it would be hard adapting to a new culture.一开始，适一开始，适应应新的文化会有困新的文化会有困难难。归纳归纳拓展拓展adapt for 使适合于；为使适合于；为改编改编adapt from 根据根据改写改写(改编改编)adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于某事使自己适应或习惯于某事adapt
36、to sth.适应或适合某事适应或适合某事(物物)This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original.这部小说已由俄文这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。原著改编成无线电广播节目。The movie was adapted from a novel.这部电影是由小说改编的。这部电影是由小说改编的。She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.她很快就适应了这种新气候。她很快就适应了这种新气候。Can you adapt to this new job?你能适应这份新
37、工作吗？你能适应这份新工作吗？学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)(2012陕陕西西西西安安一一中中高高二二期期中中)The good thing about children is that they _(使适使适应应于于)very easily to new environments.(2)People must _(使使适适应应)their thinking _the changed conditions.adaptadaptto12 appreciation n.欣赏；感激欣赏；感激(教材教材P45)However，there would also be some new optio
38、nal subjects，for example，literary appreciation，astronomy，biochemistry，etc.但是，也应有一些新的可供选择的课程，如但是，也应有一些新的可供选择的课程，如文学鉴赏，天文学，生物化学等。文学鉴赏，天文学，生物化学等。归纳归纳拓展拓展in appreciation of.作为对作为对的感谢，的感谢，为感谢为感谢express ones appreciation for.为某事表示感激为某事表示感激appreciate sth./doing sth.感激某事感激某事/感激做感激做某事某事I appreciate it if.如果如
39、果,我将不胜感激我将不胜感激 Ones appreciation of literature depends on ones knowledge and taste.一个人的文学一个人的文学欣赏能力取决于他的知识和品味。欣赏能力取决于他的知识和品味。I will invite you to dinner in appreciation of your hard work this week.为了对你本周为了对你本周的辛勤工作表示感谢，我想请你吃晚餐。的辛勤工作表示感谢，我想请你吃晚餐。We greatly appreciate all your help.我们非常感谢你的一切帮助。我们非常感谢
40、你的一切帮助。学以致用学以致用翻翻译译句子句子(1)他的能力在公司得到了充分的他的能力在公司得到了充分的赏识赏识。_(2)如果你把窗如果你把窗户户关上，我将十分感激。关上，我将十分感激。_His ability is fully appreciated in the company.I would appreciate it if you would close the window.(3)对对您的帮助我向您表示您的帮助我向您表示谢谢意。意。_I would like to express my appreciation for your help.1 (教材教材P42)It seems ob
41、vious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.我们如何获取知识和理解力现在似乎显而易我们如何获取知识和理解力现在似乎显而易见。见。句型巧析句型巧析句型巧析句型巧析句句法法分分析析 本本句句中中，it作作形形式式主主语语，how引引导导的的从从句句是是真真正正的的主主语语。It seems obvious 从从句句表表示示“显显而而易易见见”。类类似似的的表表达达方方式式还还有：有：It seems/becomes/isclear/evident/apparent从句。从句。It seems obvious that John is t
42、he winner.显而易见，约翰是赢家。显而易见，约翰是赢家。It is clear that he has never touched upon this new field.很显然，他从未接触过这个新领域。很显然，他从未接触过这个新领域。It is evident that they have known each other before.显而易见，他们以前就认识。显而易见，他们以前就认识。归纳归纳拓展拓展It is not a good habit to stay up too late.熬夜太晚不是好习惯。熬夜太晚不是好习惯。It seems easy to work out th
43、e problem.做出这道题看上去很容易。做出这道题看上去很容易。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)跟她相跟她相处处好很好很难难。It is _with her.(2)跟你聊天很愉快。跟你聊天很愉快。Its _a chat with you.(3)达到我达到我们们的目的目标标需要需要艰艰苦工作。苦工作。It requires _achieve our goals.difficult to get along well a pleasure to have hard work to 2(教材教材P42).were often punished by the church with no o
44、ne coming to their defence.常常会受到教会的惩罚，没有人来保护常常会受到教会的惩罚，没有人来保护他们。他们。句法分析句法分析 句中的句中的coming在在with宾语宾宾语宾补的结构中作宾语补足语，与此结构中宾语补的结构中作宾语补足语，与此结构中宾语是主谓关系。是主谓关系。The woman left，with the baby crying.那个女人离开了，婴儿在大哭。那个女人离开了，婴儿在大哭。With the boy leading the way，we finally managed to find the village.有小孩领路有小孩领路,我们最后终于找
45、到了这个村子我们最后终于找到了这个村子.归纳归纳拓展拓展with复合结构常由复合结构常由“with宾语宾补宾语宾补”构构成，其中宾补可以由形容词、副词、介词短成，其中宾补可以由形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式构成，这种复合结构一般语、分词、不定式构成，这种复合结构一般用作定语或状语。用作状语时，多表示伴随、用作定语或状语。用作状语时，多表示伴随、方式、原因或结果。如：方式、原因或结果。如：(1)with名词名词/代代词形容词词形容词(2)with名词名词/代词副词代词副词(3)with名词名词/代代词介词短语词介词短语(4)with名词名词/代词现在分词代词现在分词(5)with名词名词/
46、代词过去分词代词过去分词(6)with名词名词/代词不定式代词不定式 She walked out in the rain，with her clothes all wet.她走进雨中，衣服全湿了。她走进雨中，衣服全湿了。The naughty boy stood there before his teacher with his head down.这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。He sat there thinking，with his chin on his hand.他手托下巴坐在那儿沉思。他手托下巴坐在那儿沉思。He looks nervous
47、with everyone staring at him.每个人都盯着他，他看上去很紧张。每个人都盯着他，他看上去很紧张。With her money lost，she was at a loss what to do.她的钱丢了，她茫然无措她的钱丢了，她茫然无措,不知道该做什么不知道该做什么.With you to help us，we will finish the task on time.你来帮忙，我们将会按时完成任务。你来帮忙，我们将会按时完成任务。学以致用学以致用完成句子完成句子(1)The student always listens to the teacher _(睁睁大双眼
48、大双眼)(2)He left his room _(灯开着灯开着)(3)Mary felt shy _(全班同学都看着她全班同学都看着她)with his eyes wide open with the light on with the whole class looking at her(4)With the old man _(带带路路)，we are sure to get there in time.(5)The thief sat in the corner，with his hands _(双手被双手被绑绑在椅子上在椅子上)(6)Mr.Li entered the classroom with _(手里拿着一本手里拿着一本书书).to lead the way tied to a chair a book in his hand 温馨提示温馨提示请做课时作业请做课时作业9 Unit 15 Section