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1、Lesson 133To hard work ,thats the only way to have success.情态动词情态动词+have+过去分词过去分词”的用法的用法英语中，表示对英语中，表示对过去过去某种情况进行某种情况进行推测，推测，常用情态动词常用情态动词must,may,might,cant have 过去过去分词分词表示。表示。说话人的语气或推测的把握程度不同，使说话人的语气或推测的把握程度不同，使用的情态动词也不同。用的情态动词也不同。1Jenny _ with him at that time,for I was having dinner with her in my
2、 home.A.cant have been B.mustnt have been C.must have been D.may have been 2.I didnt hear the phone.I _ asleep.A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have 3.Who told you the news?I dont remember clearly.It _ Mary.It _ Mary.She doesnt know it.A.may have been;cant be B.can be;mustnt be C.must
3、 have been;cant have been D.may have been;may not be4.This cake is very sweet.You _ a lot of sugar in it.(05辽宁辽宁26题题).Should put B.could have put C.might put D.must have putNew wordsreporter n.记者sensational/s en s ei n l/adj.爆炸性的，耸人听闻的mink coatn.貂皮大衣1.reporter n.-er 后缀，表人-or,-ist,-ess(女女),-an,-ee,le
4、arner学习者学习者teacher教师教师driver司机司机operator接线员接线员doctor医生医生inventor发明者发明者scientist科学家科学家artist艺术家艺术家chemist化学家化学家dentist牙医牙医actress女演员女演员princess公主公主hostess女主人女主人waitress女服务员女服务员African非洲人非洲人American美国人美国人European欧洲人欧洲人Asian亚洲人亚洲人employee雇员雇员trainee学员，培训生学员，培训生payee收款人收款人reportv.报道报道Journalist/d:nlist/
5、n.记者记者 2.sensational /s en s ei n l/adj.爆炸性的，耸人听闻的，煽动感情的sensational news 爆炸性新闻sensation n.1)五官的感觉，知觉我的两只腿己完全失去了知觉了。I have lost all sensation in my legs.2）感觉，感受a sensation of happiness 幸福感3.轰动，轩然大波那个消息引起一场轩然大波。The news created a great sensation.3.mink coat n.貂皮大衣mink n.水貂，水貂，貂貂皮皮 Direct speech 直接引语和间
6、接引语直接引语和间接引语&indirect speech引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一一.原封不动地引用原话原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内把它放在括号内,这这叫直接引语叫直接引语(Directspeech);Thegirlsaid,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”那个女孩说：那个女孩说：“我非常喜欢英语。我非常喜欢英语。”（直直接引语接引语）二二.用自己的话加以转述用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语这叫间接引语(Indirectspeech).ThegirlsaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.那个女孩说她非常喜欢英语
7、。（那个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语间接引语）直接引语变间接引语的直接引语变间接引语的变化形式变化形式1.人称代词人称代词和和指示代词指示代词的变化的变化指示代词指示代词this和和these通常变为通常变为that和和those。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”他说：他说：“我是来帮助你的。我是来帮助你的。”Hesaidthat
8、hehadcometohelpme.他说他是来帮助我的。他说他是来帮助我的。2.由直接引由直接引语转变为间语转变为间接引接引语语,有有时时会引会引时态时态的的变变化化,注意以下几个方面注意以下几个方面:直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:一般一般现现在在时时“Iknowit,”hesaid.一般一般过过去去时时Hesaidthatheknewit.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过
9、过去去时时引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:现在进行时现在进行时“Immakingcoffeeforyouall,”shesaid.过去进行时过去进行时Shesaidshewasmakingcoffeeforusall.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:现在完成时现在完成时“Ihaveseenherbefore,”saidhe.过去完成时过去完成时Hesaidhehadseenherb
10、efore.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:一般过去时一般过去时“IsawherlastMonday,”hesaid.过去完成时过去完成时HesaidhehadseenherthepreviousMonday.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:过去完成时过去完成时“Doyoukno
11、wRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied?”Jackasked.过去完成时过去完成时JackaskedifIknewRickhadbeenillinbedformanydaystillhedied.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:一般将来时一般将来时Hesaid:“Weshallstarttomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时Hesaidtheywouldstartthenextday.直接引
12、语变间接引语时直接引语变间接引语时,时态要发生变化时态要发生变化:一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时注意注意：由直接引语转变为间接引语：由直接引语转变为间接引语,下下列情况时态不变列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.”Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterf
13、reezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0.2.经常的习惯：经常的习惯：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.3.历史事件：历史事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarendedin1945.”TheteachersaidthatWorldWarendedin1945.4.部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must,hadbetter等：等：Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”ShesaidthatI
14、musthurryup.3.由直接引由直接引语转变为间语转变为间接引接引语语,时间时间状状语语的的变变化。化。直接引直接引语语间间接引接引语语nowagotodaytomorrowthenBefore/earlierthatdaythenext/followingday直接引直接引语语间间接引接引语语thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaytonightintwodaystimethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbefore/earlierthatnight4.地点状语的变化地点状语的变
15、化herethere5.谓语动词的变化谓语动词的变化comego直接引语改为间接引语，用词上的变化。直接引语改为间接引语，用词上的变化。变化内容变化内容直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语地点状语地点状语herethere指示代词指示代词thisthatnowthenagobeforetodaythat daythis weekthat weeknext weekthe next weektomorrowthe next dayyesterdaythe day beforelast nightthe night before动动 词词comego时时 间间 状状语语三三.直接引语变为间接引语的情况
16、直接引语变为间接引语的情况1.直接引语为直接引语为陈述句陈述句（1）将直接引语变为）将直接引语变为由由that引导的宾语从句，引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（接在谓语动词之后（that可以省略）。例如：可以省略）。例如：Hesaid,“Iforgottocallyouyesterday.”他说：他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”Hesaid(that)he had forgotten to call me the day before.他说他前一天忘记给我打电话了。他说他前一天忘记给我打电话了。（2）如果引述动词是）如果引述动词是saytosb.,则通常改为则通常改为
17、tellsb.sth.结构。例如：结构。例如：Hesaid to me,“Yourbikeisbroken.”他对我说：他对我说：“你的自行车坏了。你的自行车坏了。”Hetoldmethat my bike was broken.他对我说我的自行车坏了。他对我说我的自行车坏了。sth.2.直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为直接引语为一般疑问句一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由，将直接引语变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变变化化。其语序为。其语序为陈
18、述语序陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词，若直接引语的引述动词为为say，应改为，应改为ask.例如：例如：Maryaskedme,“IsHelenfromtheUnitedStates?”玛丽问我，玛丽问我，“海伦是美国人吗？海伦是美国人吗？”Maryaskedmewhether/ifHelenwasfromtheUnitedStates.玛丽问我海伦是否是美国人。玛丽问我海伦是否是美国人。3.直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为直接引语为特殊疑问句特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：疑问词引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序
19、。例如：Johnaskedme,“WheredoesZhouXuncomefrom?”约翰问我，约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？周迅是哪儿的人？”JohnaskedmewhereZhouXuncamefrom.约翰问我周迅是哪儿的人。约翰问我周迅是哪儿的人。4.直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句直接引语为直接引语为祈使句祈使句，根据直接引语的语气强弱，根据直接引语的语气强弱，采用相应的句型：采用相应的句型：asksb.todosth./tellsb.todosth./ordersb.todosth.例如：例如：TheteachersaidtoTom,“Getout!”TheteachertoldTo
20、mtogetout.“Pleaseopenthedoor”Marysaidtome.Maryaskedmetoopenthedoor.“Standup!”theofficersaidtothesoldiers.Theofficerorderedthesoldierstostandup.练兵场将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat_never_meat.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat_ithomewithher.heateshehadtaken4.Theteachersaid
21、,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun_intheeastand_downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He_methathe_mettheday_.risesgoestoldhadbefore6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI_togo_beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_boughtthehou
22、se10years_.musttherehadbefore8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He_Ihadseenhertheweek_.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He_Jimthathe_sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedthathow_.askedifbeforetoldcouldIfoundit直接引语改为间接引语专题练习直接引语改为间接引语专题练习1Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”2Hesaid,“Iarrivedye
23、sterdaymorning.”Hesaidtohismotherthattheboywasverynaughty.Hesaidthathehadarrivedinthemorningthedaybefore.3“Thechildrenhadbettergotobedearly,”shesaid.4Paulsaid,“Imtryingtogetataxi.”Shesaidthatthechildrenhad bettergotobedearly.Paulsaidthathewastryingtogetataxi.5“Inevereatmeat.”Heexplained.6“Itookthedi
24、ctionaryhomewithme,”hesaid.Heexplainedthatheneveratemeat.Hesaidhehadtakenthedictionaryhomewithhim.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”Jacktoldmethat_worried_.A.helookstodayB.youlooktodayC.welookedthatdayD.IlookedthatdayExercise IIExercise II2.Wesaidtoher,“Theyrewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldher
25、that_throughthestreet_.A.wewerewalkingthenB.youarewalkingnowC.theywerewalkingthenD.theywalkingnow3.MrBlacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”MrBlacksaidthat_alongway_.A.IhadwalkedlastweekB.hehadwalkedthatweekC.IwalkedlastweekD.hehaswalkedthisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoug
26、htthat_takeitback_.A.IshalltomorrowB.IshallthenextdayC.heshouldtomorrowD.hewouldthenextday5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus_afraidtoleave_house.A.thatwerewethisB.thatwewerethatC.ifwerewethisD.ifwewerethat课文讲解Have you just made a new film?Yes,I have.make a film 制作一部影片，拍摄一部电影ju
27、st“刚刚“，表示动作完成不久我刚回来。I have just come back.我刚去过纽约。I have just been to New York.just now“刚才”我刚才还看见他I saw him just now.Tom刚才才把这个消息告诉我。Tom told me the new just now.Are you going to make another?No,Im not.another 不定代词Im going to retire.Retire 退休1974年，他从博物馆退休了。In 1974 he retired from the museum.I fell ver
28、y tired.你觉得热吗？Do you feel hot?I dont want to make another film for a long time.want to do sth.想要做某事want sb.to do sth.要某人做某事我要睡觉。I want to sleep.她要我陪她去。She wants me to go with her.for a long timefor 表示时间持续的长短，可用于任何时态。我在那呆了3天I stayed there for 3 days.我在那住了10多年。I have lived here for more than 10 years.
29、Lets buy a newspaper,Liz.Lets buy=Let us buy.我们去游泳吧！Lets go swimming！Listen to this!listen to 听，表听的动作listen不及物动词，接宾语时必须加介词，构成及物动词短语。听，这是什么声音？你能听到吗？Listen!Whats that noise?Can you hear it?Karen Marsh:Sensational News!By our reporter,Alan Jones.by表示动作的执行者，意为“由.”或“被”培根写的一本书a book by BaconKaren Marsh ar
30、rived at London Airport today.arrive at 到达，通常表示到达一个较小的地方arrive in 到达，通常表示到达一个较大的地方我们周五到达英国，首先我们达到了伦敦机场。I arrived in England on Friday.We first arrived at London airport.She was wearing a blue dress and a mink coat.wear“穿着“(强调状态)她经常穿着绿色衣服She always wears green.put on“穿上“,表“穿上”的动作她穿上外套出去了。She put on h
31、er coat and went out.dress“给穿衣”，对象是人，而非衣物她先给孩子穿好衣服，然后又为自己穿上衣服。She dressed her baby first,and then dressed herself.She told me she had just made a new film.had just made 过去完成时，表示动作发生在told这一过去动作之前。他儿子告诉他，他已经做完作业了。His son told him that he had done his homework.She said she was not going to make another
32、.She said she was going to retire.She told reporters she felt very tired and didnt want to make another film I wonder why!wonder“不知道，想知道”，表示疑惑我不明白谁会这样干I wonder who could do this.我想知道他是否能成功I wonder if he will succeed.6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked_about_.A.thatheheardaweekagoB.what
33、hehadheardtheweekbeforeC.whathehadherdaweekagoD.ifheheardtheweekago7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse_breakinto_.A.willhenexttimeB.wouldhethenexttimeC.hewouldthenexttimeD.hewillnexttime8.Jacksaidtoher,“Wheredoyouspendyourholidays?”Jackaskedherwhere_holidays.A.shespenth
34、erB.youspendyourC.shespendherD.youspentyour9.Blackaskedme,“Whyhaventyoulefthereyet?”Blackaskedmewhy_yet.A.IhadntleftthereB.IhaventlefthereC.hadntIleftthereD.haventIlefthere10.Theteacheraskedher,“Doesthesunriseintheeast?”Theteacheraskedher_thesun_intheeast.A.ifriseB.ifrisesC.whetherroseD.whetherdidrise