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1、高等学校英高等学校英语应用能力考用能力考试（A级）语法考点法考点序号 测试项目 题号 测试内容 题型 百分比 时间分配 听力理解 1-15 对话、会话、短文 多项选择、填空、简答 15%15分钟 语法结构 16-35 句法结构、语法、词形变化 多项选择、填空、改错 15%15分钟 阅读理解 36-60 语篇，包括一般性及应用性文字 多项选择、填空、简答、匹配 35%40分钟 英译汉 61-65 句子和段落 多项选择、段落翻译 20%25分钟 写作/汉译英 应用性文字（摘要、通告、信函、简历表、申请书、协议书等）翻译。套写、书写、填写或翻译 15%25分钟 合计 65+1 100%120分钟 测
2、试项目、内容、题型及时间分配表：测试项目、内容、题型及时间分配表：英语英语A级语法大全：级语法大全：第一节大学英语三级考试语法部分简介一、大纲要求大学英语三级考试大纲对语法的要求是：进一步加深和扩大中学学过的语法知识，侧重其在阅读和翻译中的应用。二、考查范围三级语法考题的涉及面广。考试范围为浙江省高等学校英语三级考试大纲所附结构表的内容。在语法结构表中，详细列出了高等专科英语课程教学阶段需要进一步巩固加深的语法项目，主要涉及如下语法点：限限定定词词、名名词词、形形容容词词、副副词词、代代词词、数数词词、介介词词、动动词词、虚虚拟拟语语气气、非非谓谓语语动动词词、一一致致关关系系、句句子子种种类
3、类(简简单单句句、并并列列句句和和复复合合句句)、强强调调句句型型、省省略略、倒倒装装、构构词词法法和和标标点点等等十十七七个个方方面面。本书逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点(题型)及解题技巧。在大学英语三级考试中，虽然题目千变万化，但是万变不离其宗，只要仔细分析，就会发现这些题目其实基本上都是时态、形容词与副词、名问、一致关系和虚拟语气、非谓语动词、倒装句、复合句(连接手段)的各种变化形式。本书在逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点(题型)及解题技巧的同时，还侧重对上述几类语法变化形式在历届真题中的考点作详细分析。语法测试项目所占比例复合句(主语从句、定语从句、状语从句)21虚拟语气83时态和语态108非谓
4、语动词(分词、动名词、不定式)233一致关系25倒装句67形容词与副词58强调25名词和限定词25倍数17省略08情态动词25反意疑问句08代词5介词08非谓语动词非谓语动词虚拟语气虚拟语气名词性从句名词性从句倒装句（部倒）倒装句（部倒）时态时态词形转换词形转换最常考点：最常考点：1、非谓语动词考查特点、非谓语动词考查特点1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格独立主格结构，如：All things _ because of the snowstorm,many passengers could do nothing but take the train
5、.A.had been canceled B.have been canceledC.were canceled D.having been canceled非谓语动词：非谓语动词：四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。2)谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼。如：I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late.A.you to delay making B.you delaying makin
6、gC.your delaying to make D.you delay to make Had I remembered _ the windows,the thief would not have got in.A.to close B.closing C.to have closed D.having closed Your hair wants _.Youd better have it done tomorrow.A.cut B.to cut C.cutting D.being cut (1997.6)非谓语动词：非谓语动词：这类题涉及三个方面：谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词?即可
7、接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别?不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?3)做定语的非谓语动词的选择从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如：The project _ by the end of 2000，will expand the citystelephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A.accomplished B.being accomplishedC.to be accomplished D.having been accomplishedI
8、f I correct someone,I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _.A.to correct B.correctingC.having been corrected D.being corrected非谓语动词：非谓语动词：同学们只要掌握非谓语动词作定语的一般的规律，就可以判断题答案为C，题答案为D。3)做定语的非谓语动词的选择(2)对固定结构的考查，如：The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _ his
9、arguments in favor of the new theory.A.to be based on B.to base onC.which to base on D.on which to base The pressure _ causes Americans to be energetic，but italso puts them under a constant emotional strain.A.to compete B.competingC.to be competed D.having competed非谓语动词：非谓语动词：题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为D，题为某些
10、特定名词的定语结构，答案为A。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及means，way，time，moment，reason等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。4)做状语的非谓语动词的选择做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：_ the earth to be flat,many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.A.having believed B.believing C.believed D.being believed _ a teacher in a univer
11、sity,it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.A.to become B.become C.one becomes D.on becoming Realizing that he hadnt enough money and _ to borrow from his father,he decided to sell his watch.A.not wanted B.no to want C.not wanting D.wanting not _ it or not,his discovery has created a stir
12、 in scientific circles.A.believe B.to believe C.believing D.believed非谓语动词：非谓语动词：从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：(1)状语类别的判断不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如。(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。(3)非谓语动词的否定形式not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如。(4)独立成分有些非谓语动词的使用不受与主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成分只记忆即可。如：generally speaking，judging from
13、，to tell the truth，等虚拟语气虚拟语气：一虚拟语气1.if 句中虚拟形式if 引导的非真实条件句（纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大）：条件 从句 主句与现在相反 did(be were)would/should/might/could do与将来相反 did(be were)would/should/might/could do与过去相反 had done would/should/might/could have done例句If we left(leave)now,we should arrive in time.If they hadnt gone on vacation,t
14、heir house wouldnt have been broken(break)into.虚拟语气虚拟语气：2.原形虚拟：原形虚拟：a.表表命命令令、决决定定、要要求求、建建议议等等词词语语之之后后的的that-分分句句中中，用动词原形。用动词原形。suggest,demand,advise,propose,order,arrange,insist,command,require,request,desirethat(should)do例如Hesuggestedthatweshouldleaveearly.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtellhim.b.It is(
15、was)形容词形容词/名词名词that (should)do例如Itisabsolutelyessentialthatallthefactsbeexaminedfirst.虚拟语气虚拟语气：3.一些句型中的虚拟形式：一些句型中的虚拟形式：1.Its(high,about,the first,etc.)time(that)动词过去时动词过去时 例如例如 Its time we left.例如例如 It is time we went to bed.2 would rather/sooner 宁愿宁愿 as if/though 好像好像would rather/sooner 谓语用过去时谓语用过去
16、时 与现在或者将来相反与现在或者将来相反as if/though 谓语用过去完成时谓语用过去完成时 与过去相反与过去相反练习练习1.I_tryitagainifI_you.A.will；amB.should；amC.would；wereD.would；hadbeen2.Ifit_notforthewater，theplants_live.A.were；wouldnotB.is；couldnotC.were；couldD.did；couldnot3.IfI_thatchancetoshowmyability,I_thepresidentofthisschool.A.havenothad；coul
17、dnotbecomeB.hadnothad；wouldnothavebecomeC.didnothave；couldnotbecomeD.doesnthave；willnotbecome4.He_bythatburglarifyou_tosavehim.A.mighthavebeenkilled；hadntcomeB.willbekilled；didntcomeC.maybekilled；didtcomeD.couldbekilled；haventcome5.Ifit_foryourhelp，I_thathardtimewithsolittlemoney.A.werenot；wouldnots
18、pendB.isnot；cannotspendC.hadnotbeen；wouldnothavespentD.havenotbeen；willnotspend选C。表示与现在事实相反的假设(指现在的假设)(译文;如果我是你我会再试一次)选A。表示与现在事实相反的假设(指现在的假设)。(译文：要是没有水，植物就不能存活)3.选B。表示与过去事实相反的假设。4 A。表示与过去事实相反的假设。(译文：要不是你来救他，他早就被那个窃贼杀了。)5.C。与过去事实相反的假设。(译：要没有你帮忙，我那点儿钱是无法度过那段艰苦岁月的。)6.Where_yougoifwar_?A.will；breaksoutB
19、.do；willbreakoutC.would；weretobreakoutD.will；istobreakout7.Shewishesshe_thathumiliatingthing.A.doesntdoB.didntdoC.haventdoneD.hadntdone8.Thechairmansuggestedthatthemeeting_putoff.A.canbeB.beC.isD.willbe9.Itisvitalthathe_immediately.A.shouldgoB.mustgoC.goesD.went10.Itistimewe_doourhomework.A.begintoB
20、.canbegintoC.begantoD.willbeginto10.选C。虚拟语气用于定语从句It is time(that).句型。(译文：我们该开始做作业了。)6.选C。表示与将来事实相反的假设。(译文：要是战争爆发了，你会上哪儿去？)7.选D。虚拟语气用于宾语从句。(译文：她真希望自己没有做过那件丢脸的事情。)8.选B。虚拟语气用于表示“建议”等意义的动词后。(译文：主席建议会议延期举行。)9.选A。虚拟语气用于主语从句(It is was+形容词+that 引导的分句)。一般现在时be(is,am,are)do/does现在进行时be(is/am/are)+doing现在完成时ha
21、ve/has done现在完成进行时have/has been doing一般过去时was/weredid过去进行时was/were doing过去完成时had done过去完成进行时had been doing 一般将来时will do 将来进行时will do 将来完成will have done将来完成进行时will have been doing一般过去将来时would do 过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成时would have done过去将来完成进行时would have been doing 1.1.各个时态动词基本变形各个时态动词基本变形动词的时态动词的
22、时态2.2.时间状语与动词时态的搭配时间状语与动词时态的搭配一定的时态往往和一定的时间状语连用。一定的时态往往和一定的时间状语连用。always,usually,sometimes,lastweek,yesterday,afewdaysagonextweek,tomorrow,inaweek,thisyearnow,atpresent,atthismomentsofar,uptonow,bythetime,since的主句一般现在时do/doesamisare一般过去时didwas/were一般将来时willdo现在进行时be+doing现在完成时has/havedone3.3.练习，用动词的
23、适当形式填空练习，用动词的适当形式填空1.He_(be)eighteennextyear.2.It_(rain)everydaysofarthismonth.3.Mozart_(write)morethan600piecesofmusic.4.Ifit_(rain)tomorrow，wellhavetostayathome.5.Howfast_he_(drive)whentheaccidenthappened?6.BythetimeMr.Smithleftschool，he_(teach)thatcoursefortwenty-fiveyears.7.Perhapshe_(finish)rea
24、dingthebookbythistimetomorrow.1.填willbe。nextyear为表示将来时态的时间状语2.填hasrained。sofar是“到目前为止”的意思，常和现在完成时搭配使用。3.填wrote。Mozart(莫扎特)是已去世的音乐家，故应使用过去时。4.填rains。在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情。5.填was.driving。表示过去某一时刻发生的动作要用过去进行时。6.填hadtaught。句中有bythetimeMr.Smithleftschool，主语的谓语应用过去完成时。7.填willhavefinished。句中有bythistime
25、tomorrow，主语的谓语应用将来完成时时态 一 般 现在时现 在 进行时一 般过 去时过 去 进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时将来完成时主动 do am/is/are doingdidwas/were doingwill dowould dohas/have donehad donehas/have been doingwill have done被动 am/is/are doneam/is/are being donewas/were donewas/were being donewill be donewould be donehas/have been d
26、onehad been donewill have been done1.1.各个时态的被动语态各个时态的被动语态动词的被动语态动词的被动语态被动被动练习练习1.Theconstructionofthelibrary_beforetheendofnextmonth.A.musthavecompletedB.musthavebeencompletedC.mustbecompletedD.mustcomplete2.Thesubjectoftheselectures_bythelecturecommittee.A.announcesB.havebeenannounceC.announcedD.ha
27、sbeenannounced3.Mypictures_untilnextweek.A.wontdevelop B.arentdevelopingC.dontdevelop D.wontbedeveloped4.They_sothatwewouldntrecognizethem.A.costumedB.disguisedC.weredisguisingD.weredisguised5.Alltheapparatus(器械)_beforetheexperimentbegan.A.hadbeenpreparedB.wereprepared C.hadbeenpreparedD.hadprepared
28、1.C。情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词+be+done。(译：到下月底图书馆的修建必须完工)2.D现在完成时的被动语态为：havebeen+done(译：讲座的课题已由讲座委员会宣布了。)3.D。一般将来时的被动语态为：willbe+done，其否定形式为：willnotbe+done4.D一般过去时的被动语态为was/were+过去分词(译:为了不让我们认出来,他们伪装了起来)5.C。过去完成时的被动语态的构成为：hadbeen+过去分词。9.B。(译文：运动会因天气不好被取消了。)6.Theworldssuppliesofcopper_.A.havebeengraduallybeingex
29、haustedB.hasgraduallyexhaustedC.aregraduallyexhaustedD.arebeinggraduallyexhausted7.Thegoods_whenwearrivedattheairport.A.werejustunloadingB.werejustbeingunloadedC.hadjustunloadedD.werejustbeenunloaded8.Tom_thebeststudentinhisclass.A.regardsB.regardsasC.hasregardedasD.isregardedas9.Thesportsmeeting_be
30、causeofthebadweather.A.putoffB.wasputoffC.wasputtedoffD.hasputoff6.D现在进行时的被动语态为：are/is/ambeing+过去分词。(译:世界的铜资源正逐渐被耗尽)B。过去进行时的被动语态为：waswerebeing+过去分词。(译:我们到机场时正在卸货物。)8.D。(译文：汤姆被认为是班里最好的学生。)定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。定语从句定语从句：选B。因为前面有two，所
31、以不能选D，A没有连接手段，也不能选。关系代关系代词有：有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。等。关系副关系副词有：有：when,where,why等。等。例题：The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds，_ could go penniless by next year.A.the large one B.the larger of whichC.the largest one D.the largest of which三级试题中定语从句的考题：三级试题中定语从句的考题：1、I
32、triedtogetofthebusiness_Ifoundimpossibletocarryon.A)whyB)whichC)whatD)where2、OncemoreIhavetoleaveBeijing,_Ihavebeenlivingforeightyears.A)thatB)whereC)whichD)as3、Thisbookisdesignedfortheleaners_nativelanguagesarenotEnglish.A)whoseB)whichC)whoD)what4、Shegottoknowtheyoungmanverywell_shehadworkedforsolo
33、ng.A)towhomB)inwhomC)whomD)withwhom5、Thehotel_duringthevacationwasratherpoorlymanaged.A)asIstayedB)whereIstayedC)whichIstayedD)whatIstayed6、TherearesomanydressestherethatIreallydontknow_tochoose.A)whetherB)whenC)whichD)why7、IthinkthatAnnais_farthemostactivememberinourgroup.A)withB)atC)asD)by1.当only
34、放在句首，表示强调时，要用倒装例：Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。Only yesterday did I finish the book.到昨天我才读完那本书。倒装倒装：2.具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，要用倒装，助动词，情态动词放主语之前。常见的否定词有：never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,not until,by no means,not only,neither,no sooner,hardly等。例句：NevershallIforgetthedayswhe
35、nyouwerewithus.1.it作形式主语或者形式宾语It is necessary for us to learn English.it这里指代to learn EnglishIt was not very clear what she meant.it这里指代 what she meant it it的用法的用法：2.it 在强调句型强调句型的结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分练习1.ItwasonlywhenIreadhispoemsrecently_Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.t
36、henD.so2.Itwasabout600yearsago_thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when选B。强调句型强调when引导的时间状语从句。选A。强调句型强调时间状语。1.不规则变法 good/well better best bad worse worst many/much more most little less least2.形容词比较级结构(1)形容词+than 例句：Real friendship is more valuable than money.(2)the+形容词
37、比较级，the+形容词比较级 例句：The more medicine I take,the worse I feel.形容词比较级最高级形容词比较级最高级：词组：1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2（比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake=easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world=th
38、e whole world 整个世界 7 along with同一道，伴随 eg:I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for 求助向要（直接接想要的东西）eg:ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某
39、人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of 的起初；的开始 15 at the end of+地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg:At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be/feel confident of sth/that clause+从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg:I am/feel confident of my spoken English I feel th
40、at I can pass the test 18 be+doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to(+v 原)=can(+v 原）能够 eg:She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do(of sth 恐惧，害怕 eg:Im afraed to go out at night Im afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg:Im allowed to watch
41、TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg:Dont be angry with me 24 be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as原级as 和什么一样 eg:She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg:Reading books in the
42、 sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from=come from 来自 eg：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing?Does he come from
43、 Bejing?37 be full of 装满的 be filled with 充满 eg:the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to+v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing)=do well in 在某方面善长,善于 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg:Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb
44、对某人有好处 eg:Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg:She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for=come late to 迟到 eg:Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像 eg:Im like my
45、mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气 50 be made from 由制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51 be made of 由制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表*的缩写 eg:陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg:I am sorry for you
46、59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg:I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg:Hes strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg:Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65
47、be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg:He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg:Im sure of my head(my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg:Im suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试 69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg:We are sure to pass th
48、e test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of+名/动doing 害怕 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg:My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(fee
49、l)afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 76 because+句子 because of+短语 eg:He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do=start to do 开始做某事 startwith=beginwith 以什么开始什么 eg:Lets begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 betweenand
50、两者之间 79 borrow sth from sb 向借 lend sth to sb(lend sb sth 借给什么东西 eg:I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me(he lent me a pen 80 both=the same(as)=not different(from)表相同 81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg:Im sorry to bother you,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 the