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1、Cartilage and Bone 1.Cartilage:organ=Cartilagetissue+perichondrium1)structureofcartilagetissue-cell:chondrocyte-cartilagematrixchondrocyte:-Structure:LMembeddedincartilagelacunaperipheralcells:-smallandimmature-singleandflattenedcentralcell:-largeandmature,-roundandingroupof2-8cells-smallandroundnuc
2、leus-basophiliccytoplasm-EM:richinRERandGolgicomplex*isogenousgroup:severalcellslocatesinonelacuna,whicharederivedfromasingle(same)parentcellCartilagematrix-groundsubstance:proteoglycan:-sametolooseCT-therearemorechondroitinsulfatedistributedattheperipheryofcartilagelacuna-calledascartilagecapsule(b
3、asophilic)water-fiber:typeand number offiber depends onthetypeofcartilage2)Classification:accordingtothefibera.Hyalinecartilage:lesscollagenousfibrilarticularsurface,ribcartilage,tracheaandbronchib.Fibrouscartilage:largeamountofcollagenousfiberbundlescellsaresmallandlessintervertebraldisc,symphysisp
4、ubisc.Elasticcartilage:largeamountofelasticfiberexternalear,epiglottis3)perichondriumtwolayers:-outlayer:containmorefiber-protection-innerlayer:morecells-osteoprogenitorcell(fusiforminshape)4)growthofcartilage-interstitialgrowth:innerchondrocyteproliferationproducefiberandmatrix.immaturecartilage-ap
5、positionalgrowth:osteoprogenitor cellchondroblast chondrocyte produce fiber andmatrix.growingandmaturecartilage2.Bone-consists of bone tissue,periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrow1)BonetissueCells:a.osteoprogenitorcell:stemcell-structure:fusiform,smallovoidnucleusslightbasophiliccytoplasmexistinperioste
6、umandendosteum-function:differentiated into osteoblastandchondrocyteb.osteoblast:-structure:LM:singlelayerofcuboidalorlowcolumnarcellroundnucleusbasophiliccytoplasmlocatedonthesurfaceofbonetissueEM:fineprocessesrichinRER,Golgicomplex-function:.synthesize bone collagen fiber andgroundsubstance-osteoi
7、d.releasematrixvesicle:0.1umindiametermembrane-coatedfunction:promotecalcificationc.osteocyte-structure:flattenedcellwithmultiplelongthinprocesseslocatedinbonelacunaandbonecanaliculusbasophiliccytoplasmadjacentcellsconnectinbonecanaliculusbygapjunctions-function:Maintainbonematrixd.osteoclast-struct
8、ure:LM:multinuclearlargecell,30-100um6-50nucleiacidophiliccytoplasmlocatedatperipheralpartofboneEM:ruffledborder-processeslightzone:-undertheruffledborder-microfilamentprimarylysosome,pinosomeandsecondarylysosomeRER,mito.andGolgi-function:dissolveandabsorbbonematrixBonematrix-organicmatter:bone coll
9、agen fiber-collagenous fiber(typeIcollagen)groundsubstance:glycosaminoglycan-inorganic matter:bonesaltsHydroxyapatitecrystal:Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2pin-shapedlongitudinalarranged*bonelamella:bonematrixarranged in layers atdifferentdirection2)ArchitactureoflongboneLongboneisanorgan,madeupofbonetissue(shaftan
10、depiphyses),periosteumandendosteum,bonemarrowshaft:consistsofcompactbonea.circumferentiallamella:/outerconcentrically-arranged/inneraroundinnersurfaceofboneb.Haversiansystem(osteon):/cylindricstructure,3-5mm/centralcanal:N,BV,CT/Haversianlamella:4-20layersc.interstitiallamella:/irregularlamella/remn
11、antofHaversianorcircumferentiallamella*perforatingcanal:/transversecanal/connectwithHaversiancanalepiphyses:composedofspongybone-trabeculae:formedbyparallelly-arrangedlamellaformaspongy-likednetwork-Bonemarrow:hemopoietictissueperiosteumandendosteum:CTmembrane-periosteum:DCTouterlayer:morefiberbundlesformperforatingfiberinnerlayer:richinBV,Nandosteoprogenitorcells-endosteum:thin,a layer of osteoprogenitorcellandCT-function:provide nutrition and osteoblast forbonegrowthandrepairing3)osteogenesisSelfstudy!