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1、Warming uWarming up pSkimmingSkimmingDiggingDiggingCritical thinkingCritical thinkingLanguage in useLanguage in useUnfamiliar wordsUnfamiliar wordsInterpretingInterpretingTalking pointTalking point Quitters are winners,Bulldogs are loserslosersWarming up Work in pairs.Read the quotations and discuss
2、 the questions.Warming upWarming up1 Which quotations mean more or less the same thing?2 Which one is optimistic?The first and second quotations are close in meaning,with No 3 not far off.The fifth and sixth quotations consider the body and mind apart and give a higher moral value to the latter.The
3、Oprah Winfrey quote is about increasing our well-being.The Gandhi quote refers to some pretty unpleasant circumstance,but does express faith in the human spirit.Warming up3 Which quotation do you agree with,and why?4 Which one do you like best,and why?The fourth quotation impresses me as true.There
4、is so much we do not understand about the mind.Thats not only true scientifically.There are depths that are not available to our consciousness.I like the ones using metaphors.Freuds metaphor is clever and Oprah Winfreys makes the meaning easy to understand and personal.Warming upWork in pairs and co
5、mplete the lyrics of the Song“Never Give up on a Dream”by Rod Steward.If theres doubt and youre cold,dont you worry _.Weve gotta have heroes to teach us all to never give up on a dream.Claim the road,touch the sun,No force on earth _.When your heart bursts like the sun Never,never give up on a dream
6、.what the future holdscould stop you runWarming up Look at the quotation in the first line of the passage and answer the question about yourself.If you cant get something you want badly,do you _?(a)keep trying and get more motivated (b)keep trying,but get depressed (c)give up trying but regret it (d
7、)give up trying and forget itNow read the passage and compare your idea with the writers.Skimming Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 119.TaskTaskSkimming Choose the best definition.1.A quitter is someone who _.(a)doesnt k
8、now what they want to do in life (b)gets depressed easily (c)knows when to give up trying (d)keeps on trying even when they have no hope of success2.A bulldog is someone who _.(a)keeps on trying because they find it difficult to accept failure (b)gives up very easily (c)usually succeeds in the end i
9、n what they want to do (d)is psychologically stronger than most peoplecaSkimming Answer the questions.1 What is a“never-say-die”spirit?A“never-say-die”spirit is one of determination no matter what the odds are.2 What did psychologists Miller and Wrosch set out to do?Miller and Wrosch developed a way
10、 to find the characteristics of Bulldogs and Quitters.3 What did their findings show?Quitters are generally healthier than Bulldogs.Skimming4 In what way do Bulldogs suffer more than Quitters?Bulldogs suffer more from minor illnesses and long periods of stress.5 What might happen when a Bulldog fina
11、lly gives up on an ambition?Bulldogs might begin to pursue new goals after they give up on an ambition.6 What is the connection between depression and the survival of the species?It may be a way of telling our bodies to slow down,to analyze the situation and be cautious.Meanwhile,we are more realist
12、ic about the world.Therefore,it will help preserve our human species.Skimming7 Why is it important for young people to set themselves goals?Because it is part of cultivating an individual identity in the world.8 Why is it important to be prepared to change those goals?Because we may find the goals a
13、re unattainable or be attracted to some new goals.9 What is the connection between setting goals and the survival of the species?Because we are constantly adjusting or abandoning the goals,changing priorities.In this process,we grow up.Quitters are winners,Bulldogs are losers译文译文Digging1 “If at firs
14、t you dont succeed,try,try again,”said the comic actor,W C Fields,“Then quit.Theres no point in being a damn fool about it.”2 Well,yes,up to a point,but we all know that theres a right and a wrong time to quit.According to new research,people who know when to give up on impossible goals,the so-calle
15、d“quitters”,are physically and mentally healthier than“bulldogs”who persist at any cost.Digging3 Since the Founding Fathers arrived in America,our children have been the target of messages about the value of determination in the face of lifes difficulties.This never-say-die spirit is best represente
16、d by the 19th-century saying,“If at first you dont succeed,try,try again.”But are there times when its simply better to give up?译文译文Digging4 There has been considerable research about this question and specifically about the possible link between determination and health.On the one hand,it seems tha
17、t persistence and self-discipline increase the chance youll succeed in the long term,and that personal success is closely linked to well-being.Think of successful people you know personally,and look back over their lives.Have they always been clear about where theyre going in their lives,and now tha
18、t they have arrived,are they happy and healthy?Some are,perhaps.译文译文Digging5 But what if success is very doubtful?For example,like an average athlete becoming an Olympic gold medal winner?Can exhibiting too much determination have a negative effect on your health?译文译文Digging6 In a sequence of psycho
19、logical experiments,scientists Gregory Miller and Carsten Wrosch developed a way of distinguishing between two categories of people,Bulldogs and Quitters.The findings showed that Quitters are generally healthier than Bulldogs.Miller and Wrosch looked at relatively minor illnesses such as skin disord
20、ers,poor sleep and headaches,and discovered that Quitters differed from Bulldogs by suffering less.Furthermore,the Bulldogs suffered much more from long periods of stress,during which they had a higher level of a protein which could indicate several serious diseases,including killers like diabetes a
21、nd heart disease.译文译文Digging7 The scientists also noted that the Bulldogs distinguished themselves from the Quitters by showing how willing they were to pursue new goals after they gave up on something important.They found that people who readily jumped back into life had a greater sense of purpose
22、and were less likely to think about the past.Setting new goals appears to protect them from the emotional consequences of failure,especially the Bulldogs who have a hard time admitting defeat.译文译文Digging8 So why do Bulldogs finally say,“Enough is enough”?In fact,it appears that their physical recove
23、ry comes through mild depression.Some go through a period of passive behaviour,during which they shut down.But on the positive side,theyre forced to stop and assess their lives again.Gradually they become more realistic about the world.In terms of human evolution,scientists think that depression is
24、what told our bodies to slow down,to analyze the situation and to be cautious.Melancholy can actually help most of us to give up on the Olympic gold medal and preserve the human species.译文译文Digging9 Its definitely important to set oneself goals.For young people,its part of cultivating an individual
25、identity in the world.But as we grow older,were liable to adjust these aspirations or abandon them when we find that either we cannot achieve them or other,more important targets attract us.We abandon our plans for a glorious career because we feel it more desirable to attend to the demands of our y
26、oung family.We choose not to continue our studies because we need to earn a living.Consequently,we find other,more feasible objectives in our lives,which are more appropriate to our circumstances than our previous ones.So while we may grow out of our dreams,at the same time,we grow up.译文译文Digging10
27、Maybe we should rewrite the saying.How about“If at first you dont succeed,try,try again.But if you dont succeed,you dont always fail.Listen to your body and your mind.Thats where youll find your success as a human being.Thats where the survival of the species lies.”译文译文DiggingMain idea of the text1.
28、Since the Founding Fathers arrived in America,our children have been the target of messages about the value of determination in the face of lifes difficulties.(Line 1,Para 3)From the time Europeans first arrived in North America,they have been telling their children they must be strong to face diffi
29、culties and overcome them.This attitude has been very intense in American culture both because of the type of Protestant Christianity(基督教中的新教)the early settlers believed in,and the obvious difficulties and dangers they faced in settling on a new continent with so little known and so many enemies.Dif
30、ficult sentences Difficult sentences 2.Setting new goals appears to protect them from the emotional consequences of failure,especially the Bulldogs who have a hard time admitting defeat.(Line 8,Para 7)The consequences could include feelings of low self-esteem,inadequacy or reluctance to try anything
31、 similar to the failed activity.It helps us to recover if we set new goals and get on with life as we dont have to feel burdened by the previous defeat.This is especially true of the Bulldog type of character as they find giving up especially stressful and depressing.Of course,they also get most out
32、 of having a new aim to pursue as that is in their nature.Difficult sentences 3.Melancholy can actually help most of us to give up on the Olympic gold medal and preserve the human species.(Line 11,Para 8)When we cannot do something,we feel depressed.The depression stops us from trying again,makes us
33、 put aside unrealistic goals like getting an Olympic gold medal,gives us a chance to re-evaluate our situation and try something attainable.This protects us from damaging ourselves trying to do what is beyond us.Difficult sentences 4.For young people,its part of cultivating an individual identity in
34、 the world.(Line 2,Para 9)People have different goals this is what makes people different.Without different ambitions young people would all be the same.Difficult sentences 5.So while we may grow out of our dreams,at the same time,we grow up.(Line 14,Para 9)We lose our dreams as we age,but also beco
35、me more mature and realistic.quitter 释义释义n.C(infml)someone who is likely to stop trying if they have problems or are not successful immediately 轻易放弃的人 例句例句Im not a quitter,but this job is starting to affect my health.我不是一个遇困难就放弃的人，只是这个工作开始影响我的健康了。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句The coach had no respect for quitte
36、rs.教练瞧不起半途而废的人。翻译翻译释义释义n.C 顽强的人；永不言弃的人；C 斗牛犬；叭喇狗例句例句He is the kind of bulldog reporter that you do not find very much these days.他是你近年来很难遇到的那种穷追不舍的记者。翻译翻译WordsWordsbulldogcomic释义释义1a.(only before noun)relating to comedy 喜剧的例句例句He worked as a comic actor.他是一名喜剧演员。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句Many of the scenes
37、in the book are richly comic.书中很多情景充满喜剧色彩。翻译翻译释义释义2例句例句The novel is comic and tragic.这部小说既好笑又带有悲剧色彩。翻译翻译WordsWords a.funny 滑稽的；好笑的例句例句Most of these trips had exciting or comic moments.大部分旅途都有激动人心或令人开怀的时刻。翻译翻译comicdamn 释义释义a.(only before noun)used for emphasizing what you are saying,especially when y
38、ou are annoyed about something 该死的；讨厌的例句例句Its damn cold in here.这儿真冷。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译I cant get this damn button undone!我解不开这个该死的扣子！释义释义1vi.to continue to do or say something in a determined way 坚持；执意 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句She persisted in taking her dog with her.翻译翻译她执意要带她的狗一起去。Does he always
39、 persist in his opinion like that?他老是那样固执己见吗？persist释义释义2vi.(fml)to continue to exist 继续存在；持续 例句例句Despite official denials,the rumours persisted.尽管官方否认，谣言仍在继续流传。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句The pain persisted for months,even though the injury had healed.虽然受伤的地方已经愈合，但是疼痛还是持续了数月。翻译翻译persistdetermination 释义释义n.U
40、the refusal to let anything prevent you from doing what you have decided to do 坚定；决心例句例句She has shown great determination and skill.她表现出了坚强的决心和技能。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句His determination to marry her is now much stronger than ever.他比以前更加坚决地想要娶她了。翻译翻译considerable 释义释义a.large in size,amount,or degree 相当大的；
41、相当多的 例句例句Doing it properly makes considerable demands on our time.把这事做好需要花费我们相当多的时间。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句A considerable amount of time and money was spent on the project.相当多的时间和金钱都花在这项工程上了。翻译翻译真题真题Writing is a slow process,requiring considerable thought,time,and effort.(Jun.,1996.CET-4,Vocabulary and S
42、tructure)释义释义n.C a connection between two or more people,places,facts,or events,especially when one is affected or caused by the other 关联，联系例句例句These projects will provide vital links between companies and universities.这些项目将会为公司和大学搭建重要的纽带。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句The statistics show a clear link between so
43、cial class and crime.翻译翻译统计数字明确显示了社会阶级与犯罪之间的关系。link 真题真题Certainly,the biological link between parent and child is fundamental.(Jun.,2003.CET-4,Reading Comprehension)exhibit 释义释义1vt.to show a particular feeling,quality,ability,or form of behaviour 表露；表现出例句例句He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and ov
44、erwhelming worry.他表现出焦虑和过分担心的迹象。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句Our soldiers exhibited great bravery in the battle.我们的战士在战斗中表现出极大的勇敢。翻译翻译释义释义2vt.to put something interesting in a museum or other public place so that people can go and look at it 展出；展览例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsDavids going to exhibit his roses at the flowe
45、r show.戴维准备在花展中展出自己的玫瑰花。例句例句翻译翻译The art gallery will exhibit some of Dalis paintings.美术馆将展览达利的部分绘画作品。exhibit sequence释义释义n.C,U a set of related things that happen or are arranged in a particular order 一连串；连续例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译We had to follow a complex sequence of movements.我们必须按顺序完成一连串的复杂动作。
46、A computer can store and repeat sequences of instructions.一台计算机能够储存和重复一连串的指令。distinguish 释义释义v.to recognize the differences between things 区分；辨别例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译Please tell me how to distinguish a poisonous snake from a harmless one.请告诉我如何区别毒蛇和无毒蛇。Can you distinguish right from wrong?你能分清是非
47、吗?真题真题Another way to divide the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography.(Jun.1991,CET-4,Vocabulary and structure)category释义释义n.C a group of people or things that have similar qualities 种类；类别 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsThere will be two winners in each category.每
48、一类将有两个优胜者。例句例句翻译翻译The proposal would ban some categories of weapons.这项提案将禁止某些种类的武器。释义释义n.(pl)information that you discover or opinions that you form after doing research 发现；研究结果 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsWhen the experiment is complete,include your findings in a report.试验完成后，请把结果写入报告。真题真题Research findings s
49、how we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we would have done during the day.(Jan.1999,CET-4,Vocabulary and structure)例句例句翻译翻译We can apply his findings in new developments.我们可将他的调查结果应用于新的开发中。findingsdiffer 释义释义vi.to be different from something else 不同(于)；有区别 例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsH
50、earts may agree,though heads differ.谚 意见总有分歧，但其心则仍可能一致。But these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language.(Jan.2003,CET-4,Cloze)真题真题例句例句翻译翻译The weather often differs from one part of a state to another.一个州内各地区的天气往往有差别。indicate 释义释义1vt.to show that something will ha