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1、.The Jeaning of AmericaCarin QuinnUnit 101.THE JEANING OF AMERICA.bankersdeadbeats.FashiondesignersBeerdrinkers.American Symbol-bluejeans.Lesson 1:OverviewLesson 1:OverviewPre-reading questionsBackground information Getting to know the new wordsGlobal understanding6.Pre-reading QuestionsPre-reading
2、QuestionsHow many jeans do you have in your wardrobe?Do you like blue jeans?Why/Why not?What do your think are the merits and demerits of jeans?Do you know any famous brand names of jeans?7.Some Famous DesignersSome Famous DesignersLeeCalvin KleinLEVISWranglerDKNYFAIRWHALEMiss sixtyTexwood8.Types of
3、 JeansTypes of JeansAcid-wash jeansAcid-wash jeansDesigner jeansDesigner jeansDouble-kneed jeansDouble-kneed jeansBoot-cut jeansBoot-cut jeans9.Types of JeansTypes of JeansBell-bottomedFlare SkinnySlim fitRelax fitLoose fitLow riseOverall Cuffed 10.Fashion SetFashion SetBoot-cut Boot-cut JeansJeansT
4、eenage Teenage wearwear11.Categories of Fashion DesignCategories of Fashion Design Haute couture:(Frenchfor“high-fashion”)高级时装Ready-to-wear:Ready-to-wearcollectionsareusuallypresentedbyfashionhouseseachseasonduringaperiodknownasFashionWeek.成衣Mass market:Themassmarketcatersforawiderangeofcustomers,pr
5、oducingready-to-wearclothesinlargequantitiesandstandardsizes.12.Getting to know the new wordsGetting to know the new wordsPronunciation check(page 190)Concept visualizedWord classificationWord derivationWord differentiation13.Concept VisualizedConcept VisualizedHook Loop Rivet 14.Coupling15.Concept
6、VisualizedConcept VisualizedDitch:narrow channel dug at the side of a road or fieldLode:排水道；排水沟；矿脉16.Concept VisualizedConcept VisualizedIndigo Inseam=inside leg Ore 17.Concept VisualizedConcept VisualizedDude Ranch:(inthewesternUS)acattleranchconvertedtoaholidaycentrefortourists度假牧场（农场）Dude:(oftena
7、saformofaddress)aman;aguy18.Meaning&Usedudedude:amanHesarealcool.Hey,whatsup?ranchranch:alargefarmHewenttoworkona.19.Sundries:Sundries:small articles of various types20.Classification of WordsPeople of a Certain KindPeople of a Certain Kindpeddler =pedlar 小贩deadbeat 懒汉 lumberjack=lumberman 伐木工 prole
8、tariat 无产阶级；工人阶级 proletarian aristocrat/aristocracy贵族bureaucrat 官僚（主义者）bureaucracy democrat21.Classification of Words sturdy;sturdy;tough;tough;stiff;manlystiff;manlyShoes are _ usually when they Shoes are _ usually when they are new.are new.With his _ legs he could keep With his _ legs he could kee
9、p running for hours.running for hours.Only _ breeds of sheep can Only _ breeds of sheep can live in the mountains.live in the mountains.He looked so _ in his He looked so _ in his uniform.uniform.stiffsturdytoughmanly22.Classification of WordsNounsNouns _areusedtojointhecarriagesofthetraintogether.（
10、挂钩）Wedontuse_tosellourproducts.（噱头；花招）Itemssuchasenvelopes,paper,andstampswerelumpedtogetherinthebillas_.（杂项；杂物）Thetreeisonemeterin_.（围长）Couplingsgimmickssundriesgirthperimeter23.Classification of WordsNounsNouns Thedrainage_alongthesidesoftheroadhasbeencovered.（沟、渠）Lightshonethrougha _ underthedoor
11、.（切/裂口）Themetalplatesusedinmakingshipsusedtobe_together,butnowtheyreusuallywelded.（铆接）ditchslitriveted24.Classification of WordsNounsNounsThedoghadbeentrainedtojumpthrough_.（环；大圈）Hetieda_ofropearoundhisarm.（环，绳圈）Ihadafishontheendofmy_.（挂钩；吊钩）loophookhoop25.Classification of WordsAdjectives&AdverbsAd
12、jectives&AdverbsThousandswerekilledinthe _ battle.(=following)_wehadnofurthercommunicationwiththem.(=afterwards)ThetownwasbuiltnearabridgeontheRiverCam;_thenameCambridge.(=therefore)ensuingThereafterhence26.Meaning&Usebeckonbeckon:tocallCitylifesmanyacountryboy.Thepeddleredmetofollowhim.Anentirenewe
13、ra,theeraofknowledgeeconomy,isinguson.Coffeehouses,fast-foodjoints,andeverykindofrestaurantedustotryeverykindoffood.27.Meaning&UsePacifyPacify:calmorsoothetheangerordistressof(sb)使（某人）安静,息怒;抚慰Hepacifiedhiscryingchildwithabottle.Inspiteofmyeffortstoitthebabycontinuedtocry.Itwasdifficultforthepoliceto
14、theangrycrowd.Hetriedtohiscreditorsbyrepayingpartofthemoney.为安抚债权人他偿还了部分债务.28.Meaning&UseAppropriateAppropriate:盗用；侵吞；拨（专款）盗用；侵吞；拨（专款）Heissuspectedofappropriatinggovernmentfunds.Congressd$5millionforInternationalWomansYear.Someoftheoppositionpartyspolicieshavebeendbythegovernment.29.Meaning&UseTearT
15、ear:Hetorehisshirtonanail.Theboytoreapageout ofthebook.Thechildwastornfromitsmothersarms.Thisclothseasily.Iraqisnowacountrytornbywar.Herheartwastornbygrief.30.Meaning&UseMarginalMarginal:Theresonlyadifferencebetweenthetwoestimates.Thisonceimportantsocialgroupisbecomingmoreandmore(tothewaythecountryi
16、srun).Thestorywillonlybeofinteresttoourreaders.31.Meaning&UseLegitimateLegitimate:Isthisbusinessstrictly?Thearmymustgivepowerbacktothegovernment.Itseemedaperfectlyquestion.Politiciansaretargetsforsatire.legal;lawful32.Meaning&Useseek afterseek after:totrytogetHispaintingsaremuchsoughtafter.Onemustnt
17、aftercomfort,personalfameandgains.Obviouslytheycameheretoaftertruth.Heisingafter/forsomethingtoserveasatable.Ourfightersareingaftertheenemy.Thegirlissoughtafterbymyfriend.33.Meaning&Usestand up tostand up to:Thiscoatwillnotuptotheseverewinters.Thatclothisdesignedtouptoalotofwearandtear.Theoldmanshea
18、lthwillnotuptothecolddampclimate.34.Meaning&Usejump atjump at:WhenIheardaboutGmail,Iedatthechancetogetanaccount.Whenhewasinvitedtogoridinginthecountry,heedatthechance.SheedatthechanceofatriptoParis.35.Meaning&Useeke outeke out:补偿不足；弥补不足Theydoutapoorexistencebysellingflowers.Theydouttheensuingmonthsp
19、ennybypenny.ShedoutherwagesbyworkingSundays.36.Meaning&Usebreak upbreak upMeetingshavebeenbrokenup.Hedecidedtouphisdullroutineandwentonanadventurearoundtheworld.Thepolicebrokeupthefightamongthetwoblackgangs.Thecrowdstartedtoupwhenthenightfell.37.Word DerivationWord DerivationN.symbolV.prosperpacifys
20、tuffA.N.V.patenthookA.toughlegitimatesymbolizesymbolicprosperityprosperouspacificationpacificstuffstuffypatentpatenthookhookedtough/toughnesstoughlegitimacylegitimize38.Word DerivationWord DerivationN.immigrantboostV.A.stifffaultyN.legendbureaucratN.sundriesreliabilitycouplingtributeA.stiffnessstiff
21、enfaultfaultimmigrateboostlegendary bureaucraticsundryreliablecoupletributary39.Word DerivationWord DerivationN.loopV.slitemigrateconfineN.rivetV.purchaseappropriatehaulN.A.proletarianubiquitousmarginalmanlyslitloopemigration-mentpurchaserivetappropriationhaulproletarian-nessmarginmanliness40.Word D
22、ifferentiationBoost vs.BoomBoost vs.BoomThisnewshasgivensharepricesabig_.Theunexpectedwin_theteamsmorale（士气）.Thebigtaxcutsfuelledaconsumer_.Livingstandardsimprovedrapidlyduringthepost-war_.California_whengoldwasdiscoveredthere.boostboostedboomboomboomed41.Word DifferentiationEmigrant vs.ImmigrantThe
23、shipwasfullof_leavingLiverpoolforAustralia.Illegal_willbesentbacktotheirowncountriesiftheyarecaught.Summer_nesthere._ workersmovefromcountrytocountryinsearchofwork.emigrantsimmigrantsmigrantsMigrant42.Word DifferentiationDying vs.DyeingThesmalltowniswellknownforitsprintingand_industry.Iwillrememberi
24、ttomy_days.Shelookedafterher_motherformonths.Thisishisdying wish.Susan_herhairblondeyesterday.dyeingdyingdyingdyed43.Word DifferentiationStiff vs.StuffThisistoo_;Icantbenditwithmyhands.Theicehasmadeeverything_._ thecushionandthensewupthefinalseam.Theydbeen_themselveswithsnacksallafternoon,sotheydidn
25、twantanydinner.stiffstiffStuffstuffing44.Word DifferentiationSlot vs.SlitIputmymoneyinthe_andpressedthebuttonbutnothingcameout.She_opentheenvelopewithaknife.Hesbeengivenaregularten-minute_ ontheradio.Makeasmall_ ineachchickenbreastandpushinapieceofgarlic.slotslotslitslit45.Word-Formationoutout-=beyo
26、nd;further;defeat;soastobebetterthanIcanout-argueyouanyday.Hehasoutlivedhistwinbrotherbythreeyears.Hesout-grownhisclothes.TheywerebusysoIleftIdidntwanttoout-staymywelcome.46.Word-Formationidioidio-=personal;distinctKeepingpetsnakesisan idiosyncrasyofhis.（癖好）Apersonsparticularuseoflanguageisoftenrefe
27、rredtoashisidiolect.HespeaksinthefamiliarWashingtonidiom.47.Abstraction&NominalizationAbstraction&NominalizationTonominalizemeanstoformanounfromaverboranadjective.Whensuchsuffixesas“-ness”,“-ing”,“-tion”,“-ity”and“-dom”areaddedtoaverboranadjective,theycanturntheverboradjectiveintoanabstractnoun.Thew
28、ord“jeaning”isanabstractionbasedon“jean”,meaningtheprocessofmakingjeanspartoftheAmericanculture.48.Background InformationBackground InformationLevi StraussLevi Strauss49.Global UnderstandingGlobal UnderstandingWhatdoyouthinkistheauthorspurposeofwriting?Totellhowthebluejeanscameintobeingandhavebecome
29、anAmericansymbol.Whatdoyouthinkischaracteristicofaninvestigativewriting?Research-basedFactualandobjective50.A Global PictureA Global Picture“JeaningofAmericaisaprimeexampleofhowsomethingbecomesAmericanized.ThisarticleisaboutLeviStrauss,adirtpoorimmigrantwhomadehiswaytoAmerica,headedwest,foundaneedfo
30、ranewtypeofclothing,madethefirstlevis,andtherestishistory.Whowouldhavethoughtthatasimple,yettoughfabric,sewntogether,withrivetsreinforcingthepockets,couldhavechangedthewaythatsocietydressed?51.A Global PictureA Global PictureThisisapieceofinvestigativewritingwhichexploresthehistoryofthebluejeans,one
31、ofAmericassymbolstoday.Theauthorprovidessomeimportantinformationconcerningwhotheinventorwaswhen and howthepantscameintobeingwhytheyhavebecomepopularwhat theysymbolize.52.Structure of the TextPart I(para.1)StatusofbluejeansPart II(para.2-3)IntroductionofLeviStraussPart III(para.4-5)Birthofthefirstblu
32、ejeansPart IV(para.6)GrowthandpopularityofthebluejeansPart V(pa.7)Meritsofthebluejeans53.Lesson 2:OverviewLesson 2:OverviewWord reviewBackground informationText analysis54.Which word means?Strong and firmRigid and firmDefective IncreaseDependabilityTo callLawfulBad-temperedSturdyStiffFaultyBoostReli
33、abilityBeckonLegitimateMean-tempered55.Which word means?TobuyAthingofvalueAlazyaimlesspersonBarelyadequateTochangeintoToexistlongerthanTotakeforoneselfAfterwardsFollowingTolimitorrestrictPurchaseCommodityDeadbeatMarginalConvert intoOutliveAppropriateThereafterEnsuingConfine 56.What does it mean in C
34、hinese?What does it mean in Chinese?ProletarianBureaucratPatentCanvasOreAcidRivetCouplingLoopHook无产阶级的无产阶级的官僚官僚专利专利帆布帆布矿石矿石酸酸铆钉铆钉/接接车钩；挂钩车钩；挂钩环；绳圈环；绳圈挂钩挂钩57.Word ReviewWord ReviewComplete the following sentences.SheiswritingathesisonIrishl_andmythology.MillionsofGermanse_fromEuropetoAmericainthe19th
35、century.Ourlanguageisnowunderthepressurefromtheu_spreadofEnglish.AUNforcehasbeensentintotryandp_theareaworstaffectedbythecivilwar.Heb_hertositbutthenignoredher.legendemigratedubiquitouspacifybeckoned58.Word ReviewWord ReviewTheyhavebeengivenpermissiontorungamblinghalls,theonlyl_gamblinginthearea.Ap_
36、willberefusedifdetailsoftheitemhavealreadybeenreleasedtothepublic.Thepromiseoflowertaxationmayhavebeenjustanelectiong_togainvotes.Therewasatremendousc_forelaboratehairstylesin1980s.Thepartyspowerbasewasc_tooneprovince.legitimatepatentgimmickcrazeconfined59.Idiom ReviewIdiom ReviewWhenhewasinvitedtog
37、oridinginthecountry,he_thechance.They_apoorexistencebysellingflowers.Theoldmanshealthwillnot_thecolddampclimate.Theminister_themenwhohadfoughttheearthquake.Hewasmuch_onaccountofhiswidereadingsandbrilliantconversationalpowers.jumped ateked outstand up topaid tribute tosought after60.Idiom ReviewIdiom
38、 ReviewHe_hisdollars_poundsuponarrivinginLondon.Theman_thesmallbranchesbeforecuttingdownthetree.They_along-runninglegalbattlewiththeirneighbours.Tropicalplants_thejungle.Theythrewhimoutbecauseword_thathewastakingdrugs.converted into chopped off are engaged inabound ingot around61.Background Informat
39、ionBackground Information(appearingintwovolumes:1835and1840)The Old Regime and the Revolution(1856)Inbothoftheseworks,heexploredtheeffectsoftherisingequalityofsocialconditionsontheindividualandthestateinwesternsocieties.Alexis de TocquevilleAlexis de Tocqueville(18051859)wasaFrenchpoliticalthinkeran
40、dhistorianbestknownforhisbooks:Democracy in America62.Background InformationBackground InformationNmesNmes（尼姆）（尼姆）(para.5)acityinsouthernFrancenotedforitsmanywell-preservedRomanremains.Nmeshasarichhistory,datingbacktotheRomanEmpire,anditisapopulartouristdestination.63.Background InformationBackgroun
41、d InformationNevadaNevada(para.5)ItslargestcityisLasVegas.Thestatesnicknameisthe“SilverState”,duetothelargenumberofsilverdepositsthatwerediscoveredandminedthere.wellknownforitseasymarriageanddivorceproceedings,entertainment,legalizedgamblingandlegalizedactivebrothels（妓院）.64.Background InformationBac
42、kground InformationSmithsonian Institute(para.7)aUSfoundationforeducationandscientificresearchinWashingtonD.C.openedin1846originatedina100,000bequest（遗赠）inthewilloftheEnglishchemistandmineralogistJamesSmithson(1765-1829)nowresponsibleforadministeringmanymuseums,artgalleries,andotherestablishments.65
43、.Smithsonian InstituteSmithsonian Institute66.Smithsonian MuseumSmithsonian Museum67.Language PointsLanguage PointsDraw a distinction(para.1)Itsimportanttodrawabetweenthepoliciesoftheleadersandtheviewsoftheirsupporters.Shedrawsanimportantbetweenthedifferentkindsofillness.Wedrawnobetweenthetwokindsof
44、spelling.Authority(para.1)Thegovernmentisthehighestinthecountry.TheiesinSpainhaverefusedtoallowhimtoenterthecountry.68.Sentence HighlightSentence HighlightThey draw no distinctions and recognize no classes:they are merely American.(para.1)Theydonotshowdifferencesinthewearersprofessionsandsocialstatu
45、s.TheyarejustanAmericansymbol.穿着它们的人不分阶级，不讲究差别：它们只不过是美国的象征。69.Language PointsLanguage PointsBlack market(para.1)Gangsarebuyingassault（攻击性的）weaponsontheblackmarket.Awomansellingblackmarketcigaretteswasbeatenonthestreet.Have been around(para.1):havealotofvariedexperienceandunderstandingoftheworldThatg
46、uysbeenaround.那个家伙见过世面。70.Sentence HighlightSentence HighlightYet they are sought after almost everywhere in the world including Russia,where authorities recently broke up a teenaged gang that was selling them on the black market for two hundred dollars a pair.(para.1)但它们却几乎在全世界都受到了人们的追捧包括在俄罗斯，那里的政府
47、当局最近刚刚捣毁了一个少年犯罪团伙，他们在黑市上以200美元一条的高价兜售牛仔裤。71.Language PointsLanguage PointsBavaria(para.2):巴伐利亚州astateofsouthernGermany,formerlyanindependentkingdomTurmoil(para.3):stateofconfusionShecouldntthink;hermindwasin(a)complete.Hisassassinationthrewthecountryinto.72.Language PointsTake a chance/take chances(
48、on sth)/take ones chance(s)(para.3)Theydecidetotakeachancewithweather.Althoughheknewtheoddswereagainsthim,hedecidedtotakehischancesinthegame.Thestoreclosesinhalfanhour.Letstakeourchancesandseeifwecanmakeitintime.73.Language PointsLanguage PointsThe main chance(para.3)Mr.Brownisadeveloperwithaneyeont
49、hemainchance.Ifeelcalledupontodoit;thismaybemymainchance.我感到非做不可，这可能是我的大好机会。Push(para.3):promotethesaleoruseDonthertojoininifshedoesntwantto.Thecompanyareingtheirnewproducts.Heusedthesalesconferencetohislatestideas.74.Sentence HighlightSentence Highlight For two years he was a lowly peddler,hauling
50、some 180 pounds of sundries door to door to eke out a marginal living.(para.3)Lowly(para.3):lowinstatus;humbleShesbeentoogoodforherposition.Itwasunheardofforatradesmanofsuchstatustothreatenhiscustomersinsuchafashion.Fortwoyears,heworkedasapeddleroflowsocialstatus,draggingheavybagsofvariousarticlesfr