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1、Warming up1.Do you know what is the center of the solar system?2.Can you name the nine planets in the solar system?Reading 2 Copernicus Revolutionary Theory1Mercury 水星水星Venus 金星金星Earth 地球地球Mars 火星火星Jupiter 木星木星Saturn 土星土星Uranus 天王星天王星Neptune 海王星海王星Pluto 冥王星冥王星Nine Planets In the Solar System:Reading
2、 Copernicus Revolutionary Theory3Nicolaus Copernicus born:in Polandin Poland in 1473in 1473 died:May 24,1543May 24,1543 He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information.He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went ar
3、ound it.41.What was Copernicus theory?How did he draw the conclusion?How did he feel?Why?The sun is the centre of the solar system.His mathematical calculationssurprisedBecause the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea5(1)What was his theory about?(Para 1
4、)All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion:6that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.Some planets in the sky seemed to_,move _and then go _in a loop.Others appeared _at times an
5、d _at others.stopbackwardforwardbrighterless bright 天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然后天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然后再成环状向前移动，而其他行星看上去再成环状向前移动，而其他行星看上去有时亮些，有时又不怎么亮。有时亮些，有时又不怎么亮。7(2)What had the astronomers noticed in the sky?(Para 2)How did Copernicus get his theory?1)_long and hard about.2)_observations of the stars3)_all his
6、mathematical knowledge to explain4)_on 5)_his theory thoughtcollectedusedworkedimprovedWhen did he publish it?Why?As he lay dying in1543 临终之前临终之前8(3)When did Copernicus complete his theory?(Para 3)Between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it,gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.9Wha
7、t was the Christian Churchs opinion?Rejected his theoryIt was against Gods ideaWhat do you think of Copernicuss theory?the basis on which all our ideas of the universeare built His theory replaced the Christian idea.There is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton,Albert Einste
8、in and Stephen Hawking.10Review 1.革命性理论革命性理论2.导致相同的结论导致相同的结论3.说得清晰说得清晰4.问题出现问题出现5.往后运动往后运动6.有时有时7.从事这项探讨从事这项探讨8.拒绝他的理论拒绝他的理论9.违反上帝的旨意违反上帝的旨意10.明显错误明显错误11.干脆的联系干脆的联系12.创建地球创建地球11Review 1.revolutionary theory2.lead to the same conclusion3.make sense4.the problem arose5.move backward6.at times7.work on
9、8.refuse/reject his theory9.be against Gods idea10.obviously wrong11.a direct link12.create the earthLanguage points1.lead to result in His carelessness led to the accident.2.Only by waving his hands could he be noticed.只有，只要只有，只要 Only if you study hard will you pass the test.If only we could go to
10、the festival today!假如假如就好了就好了只有当你错过了这个机会，你才会意识到你的确须要它。只有当你错过了这个机会，你才会意识到你的确须要它。只有当他到家时，他才意识到钥匙忘在办公室桌上。只有当他到家时，他才意识到钥匙忘在办公室桌上。14Only if you miss the chance will you realize that you do need it.Only when he got home,did he realize that his keys had beenleft on his working desk.(1)Why did you do such a
11、 thing?It doesnt _(没有意义没有意义).(2)Can you _(理解理解)what I said?(3)There is _(没有意义没有意义)worrying about it now.(4)In _(从某种意义上来说从某种意义上来说)it sounds reasonable.make any sensemake sense ofno sensea sense153.make sense4.The question didnt arise.situation/difficulty/problem5.Its dangerous to walk backwards.The c
12、ountry is still in a backward state.6.at times=from time to time;now and then;occasionally At times I go out to the beach.7.had thought/hoped/wanted8.reject his theory/his offer of help9.be against Gods idea10.这个女孩通常热衷于做他感爱好的事情。这个女孩通常热衷于做他感爱好的事情。16The girl is usually enthusiatic about doing thingsth
13、at she is interested in.11.由于有挚友的帮助，他按时完成了工作。由于有挚友的帮助，他按时完成了工作。with17With his friend helping him,he finished the work on time.With so much work_,he couldnt go home.(要做要做)With so many people _,he becamebrave.支持他支持他He felt uncomfortable with his hands _.绑绑12.除了一些拼法错误，这的确是一篇好作文。除了一些拼法错误，这的确是一篇好作文。This
14、is a good composition indeed to dosupporting himtiedapart from some spelling mistakes.P7.1.Use the reading to help you draw the two theories of the universe.Before Copernicus theoryA diagram showing the solar system with the earth at its centreShowing Copernicus theoryA diagram showing the solar sys
15、tem with the sun at its centre19Persuasive writing(Please refer to P8 Learning Tip)Writing Task:P7.3.Now writing a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them.First you need to collect your ideas.For example:He believes his new theory is true.There are problems with
16、 the present theory.He has done many years of observations to prove his new theory is true.Science cant develop unless people publish their ideas.Time will show if his theory is true or not.20Here is a plan:Beginning:Tell Copernicus who you are and why you want him to publish his ideas.Paragraph 1:R
17、eason 1 and evidence.Paragraph 2:Reason 2 and evidence.Summing up:Ask him to think again about publishing his ideas.21One possible version:Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system.I hope you will publish it f
18、or several reasons.I understand the problems with the present theory.The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the certre of the universe.It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change.So I agree with you that we need a new theory.22I know your observat
19、ions have been very carefully carried out over many years.Now you must have the courage to publish them.Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs.I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory.No matter how people oppose it,time will show if yo
20、ur ideas are right or wrong.So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.Yours sincerely,Zhang Hua23 Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer(1473-1543).Born in Torun,he began his university studies in Krakow in 1491,where he studied canon law and Latin and Greek classics.However he al
21、so had an interest in mathematics and astronomy.After obtaining his degree of Doctor of Canon Law(教会法教会法规博士学位博士学位)in Italy in 1503,Copernicus returned home to Warmia in Poland to serve as Canon(=priest).In 1530,Copernicus completed his great work De Revolutionibus(天体运行天体运行论).Copernicus knew that the
22、se findings would lead him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church(罗马天主教教徒罗马天主教教徒),so he was24in no hurry to publish his theory.He only published it as he lay dying in 1543.Though Copernicus did not live to hear of its extraordinary impact,the book which first suggested that the Sun,not the Eart
23、h,is the centre of the universe is now recognized as one of the most influential scientific works of all time.251.Surf the Internet and get more information about Copernicus.:/blupete /Literature/Biographies/Science/Copernicus.htm2.Revision261.physical characteristics 2.put forward a theory 3.infect
24、ious diseases 4.in scientific research 5.draw a conclusion 6.analyse the results 7.people exposed to cholera 8.the most deadly disease 9.every time 10.not/never until 11.get interested in 12.multiplied in the air 13.absorb into 14.the affected person 15.give a valuable clue 16.near the water pump 17.work in the pub 18.look into the source of the water 19.remove the handle 20.in addition 21.be linked to 22.with certainty 27