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1、计算机网络管理应用技术计算机网络管理应用技术 Computer Network Management Application Technology张沪寅张沪寅 1Course ContentslInstallingSNMPAgentlAsimpleSNMPdemo:MibbrowserlBasicNetworkknowledgelSocketProgramminglSNMP&BasicEncodingRuleslImplementationofSNMP:lowlevelsocketlImplementationofSNMP:usingJavaAPIslCiscoWorks2000applica
2、tion2Installing SNMP AgentInstalling SNMP Agent(windowXP platform)3Installing SNMP AgentSNMPManager&SNMPAgent4Installing SNMP Agent5Installing SNMP Agent6Installing SNMP AgentSelecttheunderlineditemandclick“next”7Installing SNMP Agent8Installing SNMP Agent9Installing SNMP Agent10Installing SNMP Agen
3、t11MIB files:c:windowssystem3212Mibbrowser DemoMibbrowser Demo13Mibbrowser DownloadDownload Web site::/adventnet 2 components included:Snmp Disign Studio(30 days trial)MibbrowserJRE is neededJDK1.5 released 14Mibbrowser DemolLoad/UnloadModuleslExploreMIBelementslGet-requestlGet-nextlSet-requestlGet-
4、bulklShowinTablelShowinLine15An example of receiving packets1.QQing2.Web pages3.Downloading4.SNMP packets16Basic Network KnowledgeBasic Network Knowledge17Preparation:Basic Network KnowledgelTCP/IPvs.ISO/OSIlIEEE802.3vs.EthernetIIlIPpacketformatlTCPvs.UDP18TCP/IP layers&Applications19IEEE802.3&Ether
5、net II20IP Packet Format21TCP vs.UDPTCP(TransportControlProtocol)Aconnection-orientedprotocolProvidesareliableflowofdatabetweentwocomputersExampleapplications:vHTTPvFTPvTelnet22TCP vs.UDPUDP(UserDatagramProtocol)Aprotocolthatsendsindependentpacketsofdata,calleddatagrams,fromonecomputertoanotherWitho
6、utguaranteesaboutarrivalExampleApplications:vClockServervSNMPvRTP23Socket ProgrammingSocket Programming24Socket Programming:SocketlSocketsprovideaninterfaceforprogrammingnetworksatthetransportlayer.lSocket=IPAddress+PortlNetworkcommunicationusingSocketsisverymuchsimilartoperformingfileI/OlSocket-bas
7、edcommunicationisprogramminglanguageindependent.25Socket Programming:PortlTheTCPandUDPprotocolsuseportstomapincomingdatatoaparticularprocessrunningonacomputer.26Socket Programming:PortlPortisrepresentedbyapositive(16-bit)integervaluelSomeportshavebeenreservedtosupportcommon/wellknownservices:ftp21/t
8、cptelnet23/tcpsmtp25/tcppop3110/tcplUserlevelprocess/servicesgenerallyuseportnumbervalue=102427Socket TypeslStreamingSocketlDatagramSocketlRawSocket28Socket Programming:TCP SocketlClientSocket,ServerSocket,NewSocket29Socket Programming:UDP SocketlDatagramSocket,DatagramPacket,InetAddress(Address+Por
9、t)30Socket Programming:An Example for Java UDP Socket/SenderbytebuffSend=newbyte1024;StringstrHello=“Hellobaby!”;buffSend=strHello.getBytes();InetSocketAddressaddr=newInetSocketAddress(“10.10.10.22,1978);DatagramPacketpack=newDatagramPacket(buffSend,0,buffSend.length,addr);DatagramSocketsockSend=new
10、DatagramSocket();sockSend.send(pack);31Socket Programming:An Example for Java UDP Socket/ReceiverDatagramSocketsockRcv=newDatagramSocket(1978);bytebuffRcv=newbyte1024;DatagramPacketpack=newDatagramPacket(buffRcv,buffRcv.length);sockRcv.receive(pack);/blockingprocess buffRcv properly32SNMP&Basic Enco
11、ding RulesSNMP&Basic Encoding Rules33SNMP PDUSNMP PDU0Get;1Get-next;2Get-response;3Set-request;4Trap 34SNMP PDU in RFC1157Message:=SEQUENCEversionINTEGERversion-1(0),communityOCTETSTRING,dataANYPDU:=CHOICEget-requestGetRequest-PDU,get-next-requestGetNextRequest-PDU,get-responseGetResponse-PDU,set-re
12、questSetRequest-PDU,trapTrap-PDU35SNMP PDU in RFC1157GetRequest-PDU:=0IMPLICITPDUGetNextRequest-PDU:=1IMPLICITPDUGetResponse-PDU:=2IMPLICITPDUSetRequest-PDU:=3IMPLICITPDUPDU:=SEQUENCErequest-idINTEGER,error-statusINTEGERnoError(0),tooBig(1),noSuchName(2),badValue(3),readOnly(4),genError(5),error-ind
13、exINTEGER,variable-bindingVarBinList36SNMP PDU in RFC1157VarBinList:=SEQUENCEOFVarBinVarBin:=SEQUENCEnameObjectName,valueObjectSyntax37SNMP PDU structure38Basic Encoding RulesBER:type+length+valuecommon type codes:30SEQUENCE02INTEGER05NULL04STRING06OBJECTIDENTIFIER39Implementation of SNMP:Low Level
14、SocketImplementation of SNMP:Low Level Socket40Datagram contentExample parameter:operate:get-request(0 xA0)get-next(0 xA1)set-request(0 xA2)community:“bearread”mib:system.sysContact(1.3.6.1.2.1.1.4)system.sysName(1.3.6.1.2.1.1.5)system.sysLocation(1.3.6.1.2.1.1.6)41Datagram Content1(0)“bearread”get(
15、0 xA0)0042SNMP packet content3028/sequencelength=0 x28020100/version=1(0 x00)04086265617272656164/community=bearreadA0/Get1902011B/ID020100/差错状态020100/差错索引300E300C06082B06010201010400050043SNMP socket Demo in Java44SNMP Response packet3046210486265617272656164a237211b210210302c302a682b612114041e4265
16、61722028787173636f7270696f6e407961686f6f2e636f6d2e636e2945Ethernet II PrintScreen(QQing)46IEEE802.3 PrintScreen(Unknown)47Get request packet PrintScreen48Get request packet PrintScreenEthernet IIIP HeaderUDP Header49Get request packet PrintScreenSequence ofVersionCommunityGetIDError StatusError Inde
17、xSequence ofnull50Get response packet PrintScreen51Get response packet PrintScreenEthernet IIIP HeaderUDP Header52Get response packet PrintScreensequence ofversioncommunityresponseIDError Status,Error Indexsequence ofcisco295053Implementation of Snmp:Using Java APIsImplementation of SNMP:Using Java
18、APIs(MibSample&SNMP Sample)54MibSampleEmployed classes:MibOperations:providesthemethodsnecessarytoloadandunloadMIBmodulesinthemanagementapplicationsandapplets.MibModule:representsaMIBmodule,andenablesoperationsonMIBmodulesloadedfromMIBfiles.MibNode:representsaMIBnodeintheMIBmoduletree.Usingthemethod
19、savailableinthisclass,wecangettheNodeinformationofdifferentMacroTypes.55Key MethodsObjective:ListallMIBnodesinfile:mib_ii.mib.Key Methods:lmibModule=mibOp.loadMibModule(c:/mib_ii.mib);lmibNode=mibModule.getRootNode();lVectorv=node.getChildList();lnode.toString();lnode.getNumberedOIDString();56Recurs
20、ively Exploring the NodesprintNodes(MibNodenode)showcurrentnodesinformation;getallthechildrenofcurrentnode;foreachchildnodedoprintNodes(childNode)57SNMP SampleEmployed Classes:lSnmpApi:athreadwhichmonitorsSNMPsessionsandcontainsvariousSNMPparameters.lSnmpSession:getsasocketforSNMPcommunication.lSnmp
21、PDU:setsvariousparameters,suchasremotehost,remoteport,version,community,retries,timeouts,etc.58SNMP SampleEmployed Classes:lSnmpApi:athreadwhichmonitorsSNMPsessionsandcontainsvariousSNMPparameters.lSnmpSession:getsasocketforSNMPcommunication.lSnmpPDU:setsvariousparameters,suchasremotehost,remoteport
22、,version,community,retries,timeouts,etc.59CiscoWorks 2000 application CiscoWorks for Windows CiscoWorks for Windows是一个全面的基于是一个全面的基于是一个全面的基于是一个全面的基于webweb的网络管理解决方案,它的网络管理解决方案,它的网络管理解决方案,它的网络管理解决方案,它主要应用于中小型的企业网。它供应了一套强大的监控和配置工具,用于管主要应用于中小型的企业网。它供应了一套强大的监控和配置工具,用于管主要应用于中小型的企业网。它供应了一套强大的监控和配置工具,用于管主要应用
23、于中小型的企业网。它供应了一套强大的监控和配置工具,用于管理基于理基于理基于理基于CiscoCisco的交换机、路由器、集线器等设备。的交换机、路由器、集线器等设备。的交换机、路由器、集线器等设备。的交换机、路由器、集线器等设备。60CiscoWorks 2000 application 一、一、Cisco Works 2000系统的登录系统的登录1.从服务器上登录2.从远程客户端登录61CiscoWorks 2000 application 62CiscoWorks 2000 application二、用户账号的管理二、用户账号的管理 CiscoWorks for Windows供应以下供应
24、以下3种类种类型的用户账号:型的用户账号:guest(以只读方式访问)(以只读方式访问)operator(允许配置设备)(允许配置设备)admin(超级用户)(超级用户)63CiscoWorks 2000 application 1.用用CiscoWorks for windows desktop进进行账号管理行账号管理 在客户机上远程登录到安装了在客户机上远程登录到安装了CiscoWorks for Windows服务器上,运服务器上,运用用CiscoWorks for windows desktop可可进行账号管理。点击进行账号管理。点击“Tasks”文件夹下的文件夹下的“User Adm
25、inistration”,系统会出现用户,系统会出现用户账号管理界面,见下一幻灯片。然后,依账号管理界面,见下一幻灯片。然后,依据提示操作步骤可增加一个用户账号和安据提示操作步骤可增加一个用户账号和安排相应的权限。排相应的权限。64CiscoWorks 2000 application 65CiscoWorks 2000 application 66CiscoWorks 2000 application2用WhatsUpGold进行账号管理在服务器端,则用WhatsUpGold进行账号管理。首先在任务栏上单击“起先”按钮,选择“程序”菜单,让光标指向CiscoWorksforWindows6.
26、1,单击WebServer,就可启动CWW的WebServer。然后在CiscoWorksforWindows主界面中点击WhatsUpGlod选项,则出现WhatsUpGlod用户操作界面,见下一页。点击“WebServer”进入帐号管理操作界面。接下来,依据提示操作即可增加一个用户账号和相应的权限(其中zhy是增加的一个账号)。67CiscoWorks 2000 application68CiscoWorks 2000 application69CiscoWorks 2000 application三、三、WhatsUp Gold的运用的运用 WhatsUp Gold是一种基于简洁网络管理
27、协是一种基于简洁网络管理协议(议(SNMP)的图形化网络管理工具,可以通过)的图形化网络管理工具,可以通过网络拓扑结构图同时监视多个设备,具有网络搜网络拓扑结构图同时监视多个设备,具有网络搜寻、映射、监测和警报追踪的功能,用户界面。寻、映射、监测和警报追踪的功能,用户界面。70CiscoWorks 2000 application 71CiscoWorks 2000 application选择NewMapWizard吩咐后,它会自动搜寻所要显示的网段的网络拓扑图,见下图,该图显示从本机所搜寻到的当前网络的拓扑结构;其中10.10.10.1表示网络中的交换机,202.114.78.0和10.10
28、.10.0分别表示网络中的两个网段,绿色代表有权管理的网段,深灰色代表无权管理的网段。双击10.10.10.0网段,将绽开如图7.8所示的网段各主机结构图,从中可以看出该网端中各主机的状态。双击某一主机图标,可以对该主机进行管理、设置或监视。72CiscoWorks 2000 application73CiscoWorks 2000 application74CiscoWorks 2000 application形状颜色状态正方形绿色正常菱形浅绿色丢失1个数据包菱形黄色丢失2个数据包星形黄色丢失3个数据包星形红色丢失47个数据包爆炸星形深红色丢失8个以上数据包八边形粉红色服务关闭正方形灰色非活
29、动菱形绿色未知75CiscoWorks 2000 application四、CiscoView的运用CiscoView是为Cisco网络设备服务的,供应图形化的前后面板的视图,能够以各种颜色动态地显示设备的状态,供应对某一特定设备组件的诊断和配置功能。CiscoView可以从CiscoWorksforWindowsDesktop或WhatsUpGold下启动。76CiscoWorks 2000 application77CiscoWorks 2000 application不同的设备会有不同的性能信息显示方式。设备中的每个端口的状态通过6种编码颜色中的一种报告出来:l绿色(Green)表示端口开启;l紫色(Purple)表示端口正在测试中;l橙色(Orange)表示端口被管理员关闭;l黄色(Yellow)表示端口有较小的丢包;l红色(Red)表示端口没有连线;l蓝色(Blue)表示端口处于睡眠状态。78CiscoWorks 2000 application监视设备。运用CiscoView能够监视设备的性能并供应多方面的信息,并以丰富的图表种类来显示设备的性能信息。79CiscoWorks 2000 application五、五、Show Commands的运用的运用80Thanks For Your ATTENDANCE!81