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1、学案2句子成分与词性主语:名词，代词，动名词谓语:情态动词，动词，助动词宾语:名词，代词，动名词，不定式I like to talk to you.I like books.I like reading books.I like this.表语:名词，形容词，现在分词，过去分词，介宾短语，不定式【主系表结构】表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语位于 系动词之后，与系动词联系十分紧密，有系动词就有表语，有表语就有系动词。He is handsome.He is a teacher.He is interested in this job.All children are star
2、ving.His job is to take care of his students.His home is in New Zealand.补语:名词，形容词，现在分词，过去分词，介宾短语，不定式【主+谓（及物动词）+宾语+宾补】This job can make me happyHe has made the whole trip interesting.We should keep students interested.This has put us under pressure.This has allowed us to work harder.定语（用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代
3、词的品质与特征的）:代词，形容词，现在分词， 过去分词，介宾短语，名词，不定式，限定词I like this book.I like reading interesting books.I like reading fiction novels.I like reading books written by him.I like the books in this book Shop.I appreciate the opportunity to write this book.状语（是谓语里的另一个附加成分，从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否 定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心词进行
4、修饰、限制）：副词，介宾短语，不定式【主谓宾】I like reading books slowly.I like reading books in evenings.I like reading books to increase my knowledge.名词:主语，宾语，表语，补语，定语，同位语 代词:主语，宾语，定语，状语动名词：主语，宾语，表语不定式：主语，宾语，表语，补语，定语，状语 形容词（现在分词过去分词）：表语，定语，补语 介宾短语：表语，状语，定语,补语五种简单句1、主谓结构：由主语和不及物动词组成，常用来表示主语的动作。2、主系表结构：由主语、系动词和表语组成，主要用以说
5、明主语的 特征、类属、状态、身份等。3、主谓宾结构：由主语、谓语和宾语构成。其中的谓语动词须是及 物动词，宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。4、主谓加双宾语结构：由主语、及物动词、间接宾语和直接宾语构 成。5、主谓加复合宾语结构：由主语、及物动词、宾语和宾语补足语组 成，此结构中宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，若无宾语补足 语，则句意不完整。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、 介词短语、动词不定式、分词。请学生判断下列句子结构：He runs quickly.He is a clever boy.My ink has run out.He is in the classroom.Th
6、ey made the girl angryThey consider Jack a brave boyThe desk feels hard.I saw a filmThey took good care of the children.He gave me a bookHe brought me a pen代词代词有哪些？It is a table.（做主语）I asked myself what I would have done in such a situation.（做宾语）The boys all laughed their heads off.（做同位语）Whos that?（
7、做表语）人称代词物主代词冠词a an the不定冠词的用法1 .用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某种类，或用于首次提到的， 一方不知道的人或物前。A plane goes faster than a train.飞机比火车快。2 .表示一这个数量，但数的概念没有one强。There are sixty minutes in an hour.一小时有六十分钟。3 .序数词前加不定冠词a/an表示另一个成“又一个”的含义。Would you like a second cup of tea?你想再要杯茶吗？4 .用于单数可数名词前，泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。He works
8、in a London university.他在伦敦的一所大学工作。A girl is waiting for you at the school gate.在学校大门口，有个女孩在 等你。5 .放在表示时间，速度、价格，重量等意义的名词之前，有每，每一之 意。He is driving a car at 80 kilometers an hour.他以时速八十公里的速度开 着车。He goes hack home twice a month.他每月回家两次。定冠词的用法1 .特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，常用在有定语修饰的名词前。The students in the room are a
9、ll from Shanghai.那个房间里的学生都 来自上海。2 .用于上文提到过的人或物前。He lives on a farm. The farm is not big.他住在农场。那农场不大。3 .用于说话双方都知道的人或物前。Please open the door!请把门打开！4 .用于世界上独一无二的事物名称前。The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大。5 .用于形容词最高级和序数词前。The third picture is the most beautiful.第三幅画最好看。6 .用在江河、海祥山脉、期泊、群岛等地理专有名词前。the R
10、ed Sea 红海 the Yellow River 黄河7 .用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城 the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国8 .用在表示方位的名词前。Shanghai is in the east of China.上海在中国的东部。9.用在乐器名词前。He can play the violin well.他小提琴拉得很好。 不定冠词的特殊结构：（1）一些表示数量的词组中a pair of 一对，双a few些，少量a number of许多，大量a bit（of）有一点，会儿 a little 一点少许 a
11、 piece of 一块（张.）a lot of许多，大量(2)have/take +a+抽象名词，与该名词的动词同义。have a swim - swimhave a walk - walkhave a try - tryhave a look- lookhave a talk - talkhave a rest- rest(3 )其他固定搭配in a hurry匆忙彳艮快地 have a good time玩得高兴for a long time很长时间 make a face扮鬼脸*不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。 a university一所大学a
12、useful book一本有用的书a European country 一个欧洲国家 an umbrella 一把伞 an hour个小时an island 一个岛屿an answer一个答案 an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩介词分类 1 :单个介词 about, at, in, of, along, among合成介词 within , without, onto , into , upon , out of, alongside 分词介词 concerning, considering , following , regarding短语介词 ahead of apart fro
13、m as foras well as because of due toexcept for in addition to in front ofin place of in spite of inside of分类2 :时间地点方式原因介词形容词常见形容词后缀：-able , -iblecomfortable , inevitable , incredible , invisible-al z -ialnormal , industrial , official , beneficial-fulbeautiful , harmful , peaceful, , wonderful-iceco
14、nomic , heroic , romantic -icalaeronautical 航空的，political , economical 经济的，节约的-ishBritish , childish, , bluish 浅蓝的-ive , -ativeactive , alternative , creative-lessendless , motionless 青争止的，priceless , timeless 永恒的-eous , -ious , -ousspontaneous 自发的，hideous , dangerous , famous-yangry, busy, wealthy
15、, windy 考点：ing与ed形容词 alarmed-alarming amused-amusing annoyed-annoying astonished-astonishing astounded-astounding challenged-challenging charmed-charming confused-confusing convinced-convincing depressed-depressing disappointed-disappointing discouraged-discouraging disturbed-disturbing embarrassed-
16、embarrassing entertained-entertaining excited-exciting exhausted-exhausting fascinated-fascinating 考点：形容词词序1）限定词:a , an , the , my , your z four, those , some 等2 ）描绘性形容词：beautiful , boring , stupid , delicious , useful z lovely, comfortable 等）大小:big , small , tall , huge , tiny3 ）形状、重量、长短:round r sq
17、uare , circular, skinny ffat, heavy, straight, long , short,）状态：broken , cold , hot, wet, hungry , rich , easy , difficult, dirty 6 ）年龄:old , young, new , ancient 古代的,antique7 ）颜色:green , white , blue z reddish 淡红的，purple）图案:striped条纹的，spotted斑点的，checked方格图案的，flowery8 ）国籍:American , British , Italia
18、n , eastern , Australian , Chilean 智利)物质材料:gold ,wooden ,silk ,paper .synthetic 合成的,cotton ,woolen 11)类别或用途:sleeping ( bag ),wedding ( dress ) 考点：匕蹴级与最高级 1).比较级+ than 2).the+比较级(of two ) 3).the more.the more4).as.as和more.than匕瞰结构中as/than做连词引导比较状语从 句，充当从句主语、表语、宾语。 5).the + 最高级 + of/in/among规则变化1、一般直接
19、在词尾加er;est.talltallerthe tallestgreat-greater-the greatest2、以字母e结尾的直接加r;stnicenicer-the nicestfinefinerthe finest3、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i再加er;estbusy-busier-the busiestheavy-heavier-the heaviest4、重读闭音节结尾的单音节词，若词尾只有一个辅音字母时，须双写这个辅 音字母再加er;estbig-bigger-the biggesthot -hotter-the hottest5、多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more
20、; mosteasilymore easilymost easilybeautifulmore beautiful-the most beautiful特殊点：(1府些单音节词的比较等级常用more和most,如glad, fond, shy, sly(但 like 只可用 more 和 most)oeg . I am not more glad than you.我可没像你那样高兴。(2 )有些单音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可，如free,clear等。eg . Im clearer/more clear about it than before.对这事，我比以前更清楚了。
21、(3 )有些双音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可，在当代英语中似有多用 more 和 most 的趋势，如：secure, cruel, pretty, lively 等。eg . She looks prettier/more pretty with long hair than with short hair. 她留长发比留短发漂亮。(4 )分词形容词的比较等级一律用more和most。eg . I felt more tired this morning.今天上午我感觉比较疲倦。Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比滑冰更激动人心。
22、常见不规则：原级比较级第高级good/wellbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest副词考点：频度副词考点：形容词变副词100%always90%usually80%normally/generally70%often/frequently50%sometimes30%occasionally10%seldom5%hardly ever/rarely0%never1beautiful-* beautifullyimportant importantlyapparent-* apparentlyformer formerly2以-y结尾的形容词变为副词，变-y为i加一 ly easy easilybusy busilylucky luckily3以元音+e结尾的直接加lydefinite definitelyunfortunate - unfortunatelyextreme extremelyabsolute 一absolutely