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1、高考英语应用文高分讲义:万能语料之性别生活类1 .gender stereotypes认为不同性别就会擅长不同领域的思维定式(例如认为 男孩都擅长学习教学,女孩都擅长学习语言的思维定式)(1) the opposite sex 异性(2)gender bias关于性别的偏见(3)is seen as the natural domain for boys (或者 forgirls)(某个领域)被视 为是男孩(或女孩)天生就更擅长的领域(4)influence their course selection影响他们/她们对课程的选择(5)make them frustrated让他们/她们感到,虫
2、败感(6)damage their self-confidence 打主他们的自信心(7)lose motivation 失夫动力对比:choose subjects more freely 更自由地诜课(8)have equal opportunities to study what they want to (学生们)有平等的 机会学习他们/她们想要学习的内容(9)achieve their potential充分地发挥出他们/她们的潜力.traditional gender roles传统观念里认为的男性和女性各自应该承担的社会 角色(1) gender discrimination i
3、n the workplace 职场当中的性别歧视.gender equality 性别平等(1) are treated fairly没到公平的对得一下(2)are paid lower wages被付给较低的斯酬(3)earn less money 挣的钱更少比较(1) have equal opportunities for promotion (员工们)享有平等的升职机会(2)promote gender equality in the workplace (雇主)促进工作中的性别平 等(3)improve gender balance in the workplace让工作单位里的男
4、女人数更均衡4.male-dominated professions男性占主导地位的职业(1) firefighters 消防队员(2)construction workers 建筑工人(3)physically demanding jobs对于体力要求很高的工作对比:(1) social and emotional skills社会交往和情感沟通的技能(2)communication skills 沟通技能(3)teamwork skills进行团队合作的技能(4)decision-making skills 决策能力(5)patience and confidence 耐心和信心(6)po
5、sitive attitude towards work 对工作的积极心态(7)operate high-tech equipment 操作高科技的设备(8)have equal opportunities and rights 拥有平等的机会和权利(9)choose careers that really interest them选择他们/她们真正感兴趣的事业(10) achieve their potential充分地发挥出他们/她们的潜力5.are caring and patient关心别人而且很有耐心(1) nursing jobs护理工作,其实在国外的医院里也经常会看到男护士,不
6、过 总数还是女护士远远更多(2)primary school teachers小学教师,英国的官方统计显示:在英格兰只有 12%的小学老师是男性,而苏格兰的小学里只有8%的男老师(3)tend to be more peace-loving (女性政治家)往往更热爱和平6.low birth rates 低出生率(1) will cause labour shortages将会导致劳动力的短缺(2)will increase the burden on taxpayers 将会加重纳税人的负担(3)may cause the state pension system to collapse 可
7、能会导致国家养老金体 系崩溃(4)will damage the economy将会给经济带来破坏(5)will hinder economic growth 将阻碍经济的发展对比:(1) should encourage people to have more children (政府)应该鼓励人们多 生孩子(2)increase child benefits增加儿童福利,英语国家里的child benefits是政 府给小朋友们的福利金,也就是华人家长们常说的“牛奶金”(3)encourage immigration (政府)鼓励其他国家的人向本国移民7.delay parenthood推
8、迟要孩子,推迟当家长(1) delay motherhood 推迟作母亲(2) have busy careers事业非常忙碌(4)earn money 挣钱(5)cannot achieve a good work-life balance无法在工作和生活之间实现良好 的平衡(6)high housing prices 高房价(7)rising child-rearing costs 上升的育儿费用(8)take maternity leave 休产假口比较:(1) have a higher risk of pregnancy-related problems (年龄较大的母亲)在怀 孕期
9、间会承受更高的风险8.full-time mothers / stay-at-home mothers 全职在家带孩子的母亲(1) stay at home to clean, cook and look after their children 留在家里清洁心做饭和照看孩子对比:(1) working mothers 上班的母亲(2)work full-time 全职上班(3)work part-time 兼职上班(5)high childcare costs高昂的请人照看孩子的费用(例如:把孩子送到托 儿所nursery或者请babysitter的费用)(6)share parents responsibilities (父母一起)共同分担培育孩子的责任