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1、Unit8 (Grammar Focus-4c)I. RevisionCheck if you know these phrases-不同种类的污染河底把垃圾扔到河里在中起作用在中国南部对有害在顶部海洋生态系统1. Translate these sentences into English.甚至是河底都满是垃圾。这个方法不仅残酷还对环境有害。鲨鱼处于海洋食物链的顶部。许多人相信鱼翅对健康有好处。11. Grammar FocusPay attention to the sentences1) We re trying to save the earth.2) The river used t
2、o be so clean.3) The air is badly polluted.4) No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.5) We should help save the sharks.1 .现在进行时：Present Progressive定义：表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。结构：be (am/is/ are) + v. -ing标志词：Look, Listen, now, right nowe. g. Look! The boy is cry
3、ing.2 . used to do 与 be used to doingused to do sth.表示过去常常做某事，而现在往往不做了，后接动词原形。be used to doing sth.表示习惯于做某事。e. g. I used to get up at six o, clock.Joe is used to drinking a cup of coffee every morning.3 .被动语态:Passive voice定义：表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象的一种语态。结构：be +过去分词.e. g. A new school was built last yea
4、r.Our classroom is cleaned every day.4 .现在完成时：Present Perfect定义：表示动作已经完成，但对现在造成影响；或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续 到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。结构：has/have +过去分词标志词：already, yet, ever, never., since, fore. g. I haven, t finished my homework yet.5 .情态动词1)情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有：can (could), may (mi
5、ght), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等2)情态动词无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别 情态动词有过去式形式，可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。e. g. Ken can climb up the tress like a koala.Tracy could ride a bi.cycle when she was five .years old.You mustn* t play with fire. It is dangerous.BPractice1. Work on 4a. Fill in. the
6、blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Joe: you ever (take) part in an environmental project ?Eric: Yes, I have. I(help) with a Clean-Up Day .last year. 11 was (consider) the biggest clcan-up project this city ever (have).Joe: How many people (take) pari?Eric: I (think) more than 1,
7、000 people (come) to help .out.Joe: That s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is (try) to improvethe environment.Eric: Yes, we can t afford to (wait) any longer to take a.ction!Leann some new words and expressions.2. Work on 4b. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the .box
8、.The words are:can, would, could, have to, should,must, may/mightPeople think that big things be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you saveelectricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You also usereusable bags instead of
9、plastic bags. I think it s a great idea that you now pay for plastic bags in some stores. A.nd instead of driving to school orwork, .you . ride your bike or walk. If it, s far, you takethe bus. All these small things add up and become big things that improve the environment. Let* s .take action now!
10、Learn some new words and expressions.3. Work on 4c. Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner, use public transportation (.交通运输)；turn off the lights when you leave a room;use reusable bags instead of plastic bags;ride, your bike or walk
11、to school or work;stop using paper napkins;recycle books and paperDiscussion.A: I think that everyone should use publi.c transportation.B: J disagree. It* s difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation-Language points1. We can t afford to wait any longer to take action!affo
12、rd v.承担得起；提供，给予afford to do sth.（常.与can, be ble to连用）买得起;有足够的 e. g. We can* t afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱 Dancing affords us pleasure. 跳舞给我们带来快乐room.room.2. -save electricity, by turning off the lights when you leave a turning off ,关掉e. g. P1 ease turn the television off before you go to bed.睡觉前请关掉电视。拓展：turn相关短语turn aroundturn upturn downturn into转身调高（音量）调低.；拒绝变成；进入打开，发动关掉，关闭结果是移交turn onturn offturn out to beturn overV. HomeworkFinish the exercises in the workbook.