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1、课时作业 38 Inventors and inventionsI .阅读理解（江西临川第二高三模拟）Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping Ccirt. They will in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few wi11 know - or even think to ask - who it was that invented them.Sylvan N. Gol
2、dman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day ho would see shoppers lugging groceries around in baskets they had to carry.One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for
3、his customers, and would help to attract more business.On June 4, 1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn，t wait to see them using his invention.But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers
4、gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. “Dont you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket? ” one shopper replied.But Go1dman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his carts wou1d be a
5、 great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony （假的）customers.As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon a
6、ttracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people e 一 those who came bought more. Wi th larger easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.Today* s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman* s origi
7、nal model. Perhaps that is one reason why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937 - the ing of the shopping cart.本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了购物车的发展史。购物车的发明者Sylvan N. Goldman为了 使购物简易化，也为了扩大生意，发明了购物车。而现在购物车也有了很大变化，更加适应 顾客需求。1. What do the underlined words uch
8、rome-plated contraptions” in the first paragraph refer to?A. Baskets. B. Private cars.C. Suitcases. D. Shopping carts.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。由全文大意以及第一段内容和“shopping cart”可知，画线处所 在句句意为“他们的一生中将推购物车数英里”。2. What was the purpose of Goldman，s invent ion?A. It was to prove him to be a good inventor.B. It was to reduc
9、e the burden of his employees1 work.C. It was to make shopping easier and attract more business.D. It was to help the disabled make shopping easily in his market.答案：C解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的 “The wheeled baskets wou 1 d make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business. “ 可
10、知，Sylvan N. Goldman是为了吸引顾客以及让购物简易化而发明带轮子的购物车。3. Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market in order toA. attract people to buy things in his marketB. encourage people to use his shopping cartsC. make his market different from the othersD. keep the groceries from being stolen答案：B
11、解析：细节理解题。由第七段 “But Goldman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try.” 可知,Sylvan N. Goldman是为了鼓励人们使用推车。4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Go 1dman will bee very famous because of his invention.B. Goldman* s invention
12、 will be regarded as the greatest one in the world.C. Supermarket business has benefited a lot from Goldmans invention.D. There will be nothing that can replace Goldman* s invention.答案：C解析：推理判断题。最后一段Perhaps that is one reason why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each
13、year as they did before 1937 - the ing of the shopping cart. w意为随着购物车体积增大人们购物消费也变多了。推理可知 购物车促进了商业发展。II .阅读填句（辽宁沈阳模拟）Most cars have seat belts as part of their equipment. Seat belts protect drivers and passengers in case of accidents. They also reduce the effect of a crash on the body. L Worldwide, t
14、he devices have protected up to a million people.Arne ri ca first recognized the invention of an automob i le seat belt i n 1849. The government gave a patent to an engineer named Edward Claghorn of New York City so that others would not copy his invention of a safety device. ? This early version of
15、 Scifety belt was said to include hooks and other attachments for securing the person to a fixed object.Other inventors followed with different versions of the seat belt. 3 It resulted from the woik of a Swedish engineer, Nils Bohl in. His three- point, lap and shoulder seat belt first appeared on c
16、ars in Europe 50 years ago.Nils Bohl in recognized that both the upper and lower body needed to be held securely in place. His invention contained a cloth strap （带子）that was placed across the chest and another strap across the hips. 1Volvo was the first pany to offer the modern seat belt to its cars
17、. This pany also provided use of Nils Bohlin* s design to other carmakers. He received a gold medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1995. He died in Sweden in 2002.A. The design joined the straps next to the hip.B. Claghorn called his invention a safety belt.C. The Swedish
18、engineer won many honors for his seat belt.I）. Claghorn was a promising young engineer with many honors al 1 his 1ife.E. But more than 100 years passed before the current seat belt was developed.F. Safety experts say that seat bolts save thousands of lives a year in America alone.G. There are many p
19、anies adopting Nils Bohl in* s invention of the seat belt.1 .巳解析：根据后面的 wWorldwide, the devices have protected up to a million people.（安全带挽救了世界上一百多万人的生命）”可知，此处先说安全带在美国的作用， 再说安全带在全世界的作用。故F项符合语境。2 .殳解析： 前面一句 “The government gave a patent to an engineer named Edward Claghorn of New York City so that oth
20、ers would not copy his invention of a safety device. M交代这项安全装置的发明者申请了专利，接下来应该是发明者对该发明的命名。B 项符合语境。3 .支解析：根据前一句 “Other inventors followed with different versions of the seatbelt. ”可知其他的发明者发明出不同款式的安全带，接着应该叙述现在的安全带的样 式是如何形成的。故E项符合上下文。4 .忆解析：从本段的第一句可知Nils Bohlin认为身体的上端和下端都需要安全地固 定在某个地方；所以接下来的两句描述他的发明是如何做
21、到这一点的。故A项衔接上一句。5 . Q解析：根据下一句 He received a gold medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1995. ”可知安全带的发明者获得了很多荣誉,故C项为本段 的主题句。HL语法填空（山东青岛质量检测）I worked for a large pany and one day as part of a team building exercise, each leader described who their hero was and why. As we went
22、around the room, wg heardabout I (lead) of great powers, CEOs, billionaires, politicians, cind movie stars. When they came 2 (gain) my feedback, at first I was a little 3 (embarrass). You see, my hero is 480-year-old shoeshine man! You ask why. One day while he (shine) my shoes, I asked him some que
23、stions about his life. I discovered that this person had put every single one of his children through college on his shoeshine wage and decided to give them a g (good) life than he had.I was 工 (total) blown away that this person had devoted his entire existence to his children and was sti 11 shining
24、 shoes after 50 years of doing so. Mr Johnson had such a happy and wonderful spiri t inside him 8 he touched every single client. Be sure to wish I 9 track down this amazing person to tell him he is my hero. By now he would likely be 95 years old or more. What an 10 (inspire) person he is and has be
25、en!本文是篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的偶像位普通的擦鞋老人，以及他是如何成为自己的偶像的故事。1. leaders 解析:考查名词复数。根据下文的“CEOs, billionaires, politicians, and movie stars”可知，此处应为名词的复数形式。2. t。gain解析:考查不定式。不定式在这里作目的状语。3. emba门、asscd解析:考查形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语。embarrassed 困窘的， 不好意思的”。4. 晅解析：考查不定冠词。此处表泛指，且80-year-old以元音音素开头，故用不定 冠词ano5. was shining解析:考查谓语动
26、词。分析语境可知，此处应用过去进行时态，表示 过去正在进行的某一动作。6. bettor解析:考查形容词比较级。根据下文的“than he had”可知，此处用比较 级 better07. totally解析:考查副词。此处副词修饰动词。8. that解析:考查连词。分析句子可知，该句考查“such. that. ”这个结构。9. could解析:考查情态动词。分析句子可知，此处用could表示“过去的能力”， 符合语境。10. inspiring解析:考查动词-ing形式。inspiring修饰person,意思是“鼓舞人心 的”。IV.短文改错(四川成都开发区实验检测)When Jack
27、bowed to someone, he always did it much too quickly. They needn, t to wait any longer after he finished nodding his head. So he was blamed for bad manner. Then a warm-hearted man teaches him, “When you bow to somebody next time, you can count the January, February, March, unti1 December. Then you ca
28、n lift your body. Thus, the ceremony wi11 almost perfect. w The next day, he met his uncle, but he did as the man told him. The bow was too long that it made his uncle escape soon with a surprising look. When Jeick looked down, he found his uncle gone. So he asked a passer-by, “In which month did sh
29、e go away?”答案与解析When Jack bowed to someone, he always did it much too quickly. They neednt 配 wait any longer after he finished nodding his head. So he was blamed for bad manner. Then a warm-hearted man teaches him, “When you bow to somebody next time, nannerstaughtyou can count the January, February
30、, March, until December. Then you can lift your body. Thus, the ceremony wi11 A almost perfect. The next day, he met his uncle, bebut he did as the man told him. The bow was too long that it made his uncle escape andsosoon with a surprising look. When Jack looked down, he found his uncle gone. So xu
31、rprixeduphe asked a passer-by, “In which month did she go away?” he1. 去掉to考查情态动词。此处用了 neednt,表明need用作情态动词，情态动词后 接动词原形，去掉to。2. manner-*manners考查名词单复数的用法。manner意为“态度、礼貌”时用复数 形式。3. teaches-taught考查时态。本文讲述的是过去发生的事情，热心人是“过去”教 他，故谓语动词用过去时。4. 去掉th。考查冠词。月份的前面不需要定冠词，去掉the。5. will后加be考查句子结构。引号中的话为直接引语，will为助动
32、词，perfect 为形容词，需要补充be动词，构成将来时的“主系表”结构。6. but-*and 考查连词。”. he met his uncle 和he did as. ” 两个动作之间 是承接关系而不是转折关系，用and不用but。7. too-*so考查句子结构。本句的句子结构为“so. that.句型结构，把too 改为so。8. surprising-surprised考杳非谓语动词。从上文看，应该是带着一副“感到惊奇” 的表情，用surprisedo9. down-up考查副词。结合上文逻辑，Jack是低着头的，他只有looked up”才 发现情况。10. she-he考查代词
33、。根据上文可知离开的是uncle,用he指代。V.书面表达（黑龙江齐齐哈尔质量检测）假设你是李华，你所在的城市福州为了提升国际形象，下个月将举行国际中文写作比赛。 请你根据以下要点，给曾在你班学习两年的美国同学Tom发封邮件，邀请他参加比赛。1 .主题：我眼中的福州2 .截稿时间：2019年2月20日3 .字数：不限4 .投稿邮箱：fuzhoul23126 .注意：1 .词数100左右（开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数）；2 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Tom,How is everything going? You must be happy back with your f
34、amily.Im writing to tell you that our city is going to hold an international Chinese-language posilion conlesl nexl monlh I。promote our cily image in Ihe world. The theme of the contest is “Fuzhou in my eyes” . Having studied in cur school for two years, you certainly know what this city can offer to th。 world. S。 your participation mill b。 most appreciated!There is no limit to the number of the words and please send your position to fuzhoul23126 . The deadline is February 20,2019.Looking forward lo hearing from you soon.Yours,Li Hua