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1、中考英语语法专题现在完成时教案目标：L 了解现在完成时的含义和结构2 .现在完成时与一般过去时区别3 .短暂性动词与延续性动词的转变4 .会根据语境判断解决现在完成时相关题目重点：1 .现在完成时的含义和结构2 .短暂性动词与延续性动词的转变3 .现在完成时与一般过去时区别难点：1 .短暂性动词与延续性动词的转变2 . since和for的使用课前检测：1.12012 广东省考】 Our English teacher is very nice. We friends since three years ago.A. wereB. becameC. have beenD. have made.
2、【2013 广东省考】一Your shoes are so old. Why dont you buy a new pair?一Because I all my money on an MP5.A. spendB. have spentC. am spending D. was spending.【2014 广东省考】一 What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson?Pretty good. I think he a great job so far.A. doesB. didC. has doneD. was done.【2015
3、广东省考】Lei Feng for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.A. diedB. has diedC. was deadD. has been dead.【2016 东省考】School violence much attention of the whole society and people arecalling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.A. drewB. will drawC. has drawnD. was
4、drawing含义1 .表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或结果。Eg: 1. 一Have you finished your homework yet?一Yes, Fve just finished it.（对现在的影响：已经完成，不用在做了）have lost my key.（现在的结果或影响:我的钥匙丢了，找不到了）2 .表示动作或状态从过去已经开始、一直持续到现在并有可能继续持续下去。Eg: 1.1 have lived in Beijing fbr 5 years.（持续的状态：五年来一直居住在这里，并有可能继续居住下去）have learned English since
5、5 years ago.（持续的状态：五年来一直在学习英语，并可能继续学习）二、时间状语常用的时间状语有：just, already, yet, ever, never, before, recently, lately, so far, in/over the past few years, for+一段时间，since+时间点/时间段+ago/句子等。1.比拟 since 和 forSince用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。即since+时间点，for+时间段，谓语动词一般为延续性动词。I have lived here for more than twenty ye
6、ars.My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.注意：Lsince+从句，从句的谓语动词需要用一般过去时。2 .时间段+ago是时间点。（如10 years ago ）.并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here fbr more than twenty years.（我现在已不在这里工作。）I have worked
7、 here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）【例题专练】用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland 2 years.2. Jill has been in Sydney he was a middle school student.3. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days ago.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there 7 oclock，5. India has been an independent country 1974.6. The bu
8、s is late. Theyve been waiting 20 minutes.2 .already 和 yetalready用于肯定句，yet用于否认句和疑问句。 UZI ER Ar /t _t I L J Ar -Have you had breakfast yet?（已经）NoJ havenft had breakfast yet.（还没）肯定回答 否认回答肯定回答 否认回答-Havent you finished your homework yet? 疑问句yes9Pve already finished it.NoJ haven!t finished it yet.练习： 一Ha
9、ve you watered all the flowers?一Yes, I have done it.A. already; yetB. yet; alreadyC. yet; yetD. already; already3 .ever 和 never带ever的肯定句变否认句时，要把ever变为never,疑问句的否认回答可用 “No,never.”Have you ever been to Beijing?肯定回答否认回答Yes,Pve ever been to Beijing.No,never.=Nove never been to Beijing.三、基本句型构成形式：助动词have
10、 / has + done动词的过去分词肯定句：主语+has/have + done+其它.否认句：主语+has/have +not+ done+其它.一般疑问句：Has/ Have+主语+done+其它？答语：Yes,主语+has/hav已 / No,主语+hasnt/havent特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+has/ have+主语+done+其它？1 .肯定句：I have seen the film.我已经看过这部电影。否认句：I haven seen the film. 我没看过这部电影。一般疑问句：Have you seen the film?你看过这部电影了吗？回答： Yes? I h
11、ave.是的，我看过了。No, I haven，t.不，我没看过。过。你已经做了什么？特殊疑问句： What have you done?2 .肯定句：He has finished the task, 他已经完成了任务。否认句： He hasn,t finished the task.他还没有完成任务。一般疑问句：Has he finished the task?他已经完成任务了吗？回答：Yes, he has.是的，他完成了。No, he hasnt.不，他没有完成。特殊疑问句： What has he finished?他完成了什么？(二)have/ has been to 与 have
12、/ has gone to 及 have/ has been in IX 别have/has been to +某地，到过某地，说话时人已经回来了。have/has gone to +某地，说明去了某地，说话时人还没回来。 have/ has been in+某地，呆在某地多久如：I have been to Beijing twice.他去过北京两次。 Where is Jim?吉姆在哪儿？He has gone to the library?他去图书馆 了。I have been in Beijing fbr 20 years.我在北京已经住 了 20 年了。注意：地点副词 there,h
13、ere,home,abroad,somewhere,everywhere,anywhere,nowhere 等 前不加介词。当 have/ has been to 与 have/ has gone to 及 have/ has been in 后跟 地点副词时，应把介词to和in去掉。I have ever been there before.He has gone abroad since last week.短暂性动词与延续性动词(1)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，而与一段 时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不 可以和一段时间连用。我离开家乡
14、已有10年了。误：I have left my hometown for 10 years正：I have been away from my hometown fbr 10 years.我买这本书已有两天了。误：I have bought this book fbr two days.正：I have had this book fbr two days.(2)在否认句中，非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。I havent gone to see him fbr several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。(3)短暂性动词与延续性动词转化短暂性动词延续性动词diebe deadbor
15、rowkeepbuy/catchhaveget upbe upcome /gobe infinishbe overleavebe awayopenbe openclosebe closedbegin /startbe onput onwearmarrybe marriedjoinbe inwake upbe awakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havearrive/reachbe口诀：since+点，for+段，had,been,kept来捣舌L。(现在完成时题目中，看到since+ 时间点，for+时间段时，看选项中有have/has+had,been,kept
16、即可直接选。) 例.1一our new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?一In April. I it for two months.A. have had B. hadC. have bought D. bought2.一The boy misses his parents very much.So he does. They the hometown for nearly two years.A.have leftB.will leaveC.have been away fromD.left小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的
17、公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。1） （对）Tom has studied Russian for three years.=Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.2） （错）Harry has got married fbr six years.=Harry got married six years ago, and is still getting married now.练习（把以下句子改成现在完成时）.He left his hometown 3 years
18、 ago.He has his hometown 3 years .1 .They bought a house in 2012.They a house 2012.2 .Shao Yifii, the famous film maker, died in January, 2014.Shao Yifu, the famous film maker, has January, 2014.五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时一般过去时基本含义1 .过去某一不确定的时间发生的 事对现在造成的影响2 .过去开始的、持续到现在的动作 或状态1 .在确定的过去时间里所发生的 动作。2 .表示在过去
19、一段时间内，经常性 或习惯性的动作。例子1.1 have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影内容 已经知道了）1.1 saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）3.1 lived in Beijing 20 years ago.2. I have been in Beijing 20 years.（已经在北京住了 20年，现在仍 在北京居住）（过去在北京居住，不涉及现在）时间标志词never9everjust?already9yet9before,re cently,once,twice,fbr, sinceyesterdayjast week
20、,ago,the other day, in 1982, before, recently 等共同点动作都发生在过去不同点过去时强调过去发生的动作，现已不复存在，属于过去时态的范畴； 现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响，属于现在时态范畴。六、练习1 . William Shakespeare fbr 400 years, but his works still have greatinfluence today.A. diedB. was dying C. has died D. has been dead.一Where are the flowers?一You see, someone them
21、 to the window.D. would moveB. movesB. had moved C. has moved.一Mom, I want to watch The legend of Miyue （芈月传）on China 8 tonight. 一Oh, dear, it fbr a few minutes. Come on!A. has begunB. will begin C. has been on D. will be on. This medicine millions of peoples lives since it was put into use.A. is sa
22、vingB. will saveC. has saved D. had saved.Over 100 countries and organizations warm support to the Belt and Roadinitiative （建议）since 2013.一Wonderful! Our circle of friends is growing bigger!A. giveB. have given C. gaveD. will give6 .一Frank, where is your father?一He isnt at home now. He New York.A. h
23、as gone to B. has been to C. goes to.Look! Your teacher Miss White is over there.一No, it cant be her. She to Beijing.A. has goneB. has beenC. wentD. will goD. will go.一What do you think of your hometown, Kate? 一It a lot. Its more beautiful than before.A. has changed B. changesC. will change. 一How lo
24、ng you in, Liping, Mr green.一Since last month.A. did； come B. do； come C. have, come.一Long time no see! I think you a lot.一Yes. I used to be quiet, but now Pm outgoing.A. will change B. were changing C. are changedD.changeD. have, beenD. have changed课后作业一、单项选择1. 一How is your father? IA: havent seen2
25、. My motherA: has cleanedhim for a long time. 一He is fine, but busy.B: didnt seeC: hadnt seenthe windows already, so the room looks much brighter.B: had cleanedC: is cleaning3. 一How many times youA: have, beenB: had, beento Beijing this year?一Three times.C: have, gone4. Oh, Mrs. King, your dress loo
26、ks nice. Is it new?一No, IA: had5. The filmA: has begunTomA: has lentit since two years agoB: bought fbr half an hour.B: has been begun the CD player fbr two weeks.B: has borrowedC: have hadC: has been on7. How long has the foreigner here? He hasA: arrived; comeB: come; gotC: has boughthere fbr sever
27、al hours C: stayed; been8. His sister her hometown since three years ago. Shell return next yearA: leftB: has leftC: has been awayD: dont seeD: will cleanD: had goneD: have boughtD: beganD: has hadD: left; been awayD: has been from9. - Have you ever to Haikou?-Yes, I there with my family last August
28、.A: gone; wentB: been; wentMiss Brown to the Great Wall twice.A: have beenB: has beenC: been; went to11. We have lived here five years ago.A: whenB: sinceC: have goneC: before12. You!ve never seen such a wonderful film before,?A: havent youB: have youC: do you13.Wheres Peter? He to NanjingA: is goin
29、gB: has beenC: has gone14 . How long have you this new dictionary?A: boughtB: borrowedC: had.Where have you these days?I have to Hong Kong with my friends.A: been； goneB: been； beenC: gone； beenD: been; was inD: has goneD: afterD: dont youD: wentD: lentD: gone； gone二、短文填空I am Jackie Lee, an American
30、 Chinese. Let me tell you about my grandfathers life story.My grandfather was 71 in 1932 and grew up in a poor village in Fujian, China. At the age of 14, he first heard of America. It was said to be the land of gold and poor people could easily become 72 there.So, my grandfather came to America. I
31、had thought it was easy to 73 money in America/ he told me. nBut when I 74 in Los Angeles, I realized it was not true. I couldnt find a good job because I spoke little English. I wanted to go to a language school to learn English, 75 I couldnt afford it. Later, I worked in a small 76 , serving the g
32、uests, cleaning up the tables, washing the dishes and sweeping the floors. I was such 77helpful and honest worker that my boss was pleased with me. I was popular with my workmates, 78. Life became easier and in the end I entered an evening school to learn English.nMy grandfather kept working hard, and finally made 79 dream come true. Things do not come easily in life. That is what I have learned 80 my grandfather.