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1、2018高考英语二轮复习精品资料专题10定语从句教学案(教师版)【2018高考考纲解读】定语从句是中学英语教学的重点,也是学生学习的难点,同时又是高考考查的热点。纵 观近年各地高考试题,就能发现考点大多集中在带有插入语的定语从句;which、as引 导的非限定性定语从句;where . when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语 从句的区别等方面。对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构,而是把它融入到一定的语境 中,考查考生的实际综合运用能力。【重点知识整合】在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定 语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词,关系代词有that,
2、 which, who, whom, whose, as,关 系副词有 when, where, whyo 一、关系词的基本用法vho指人,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语关whom指人,在从句中作宾语& whose指人或物,在从句中作定语词that指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语、as指人、物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语系r when指时间,在从句中作时间状语where指地点,在从句中作地点状语why指原因,在从句中作原因状语The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.
3、(1) The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.(2) She lives in a house whose windows faces south.(3) Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?(4) I have never heard such stories as he tells.(5) I 11 never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.(6) I won t fo
4、rget the factory where / in which my father worked.(7) Tell me the reason why you came late.二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句【答案】D 【解析】第一空先行词是the hospital,作visit的宾语,用that;第二空the one是先行词,作介词in的宾语。用thato所以D正确。(10) There are dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands.A. that B. which C. where D. when【答案】c【解析
5、】此处先行词是her trousers,在定语从句中作状语,相当于on her trousers=on which=where。应选 C。考点之五:对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查;当关系代词作介词宾语,且该介 词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时,介词可以提前,这样就出现介词+关系代词。 先行词指物,用介词+which,指人那么用介词+whom,且两个关系代词均不能省略,介词 的选择要遵循两个原那么:1 .根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。2 .根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如:(11 )This flower doesn,t do well in soil other tha
6、n the one it has been speciallydeveloped.A. for which B. that C. of which D. where【答案】A【解析】此处the one是先行词,相当于it has been specially developed for the one,介词 前置后就得到:for which.(12) Anyway, that evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at RacheT s place.A. when B. where C. what D. wh
7、ich【答案】D 【解析】此句中先行词是that evening,作about的宾语,所以用which。考点之六:关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物.它只能替代由such, the same等修饰的先行词;as引导非限制性定语从句时,可放于句首, 句中或置于句尾,而uiiich那么置于主句之后或在句子中间。但如果定语从句为否认句或表示 否认意义,使用which。As弓I导的定性定语从句有正如之意,而which引导的没有。例如: (13) Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem we could not
8、 work out.A. that B. which C. as D. even【答案】c【解析】此句中先行词是a d:fcu:t四聪problem,先行词被such修饰,后面的定语从 句用as引导。(14) Carl said the work would be done by October , personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which【答案】D【解析】此处which替代前面整个句子的内容,作doubt的宾语.(15) is reported in the newspaper , talks between th
9、e two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What【答案】B【解析】此处as域语,引导非限制性定语从句,有“正如”的意思。考点之七:解题时要注意题干的内容和句子的结构,(进行必要的语法分析,弄清句子结构。) 再行答题。例如:(16) The teacher wanted to teach us he knew at this last lesson.A. all which B. all whatC. of which D. everything which【答案】B【解析】此处al:是us的同位语,khat引导宾语从
10、句,作knew的宾语。(17) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , I will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what【答案】B【解析】此处one是an unforgettable moment的同位语,其后又接了一个定语从句,one 是先行词,在定语从句中作treasure的宾语,关系代词被省略,应选B.(18) Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she h
11、ad had went wrong again.A. it repair B. it repairedC. repaired D. to be repaired【答案】c【解析】此处先行词是the washing machine,作had的宾语。注意句型have sth done。(19) is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach.A. It B. What C. As D. Which【答案】A【解析】此处that Antarctica is difficult to readi.是主语从句,所以选it作形式宾语。(20) is
12、well-known , Antarctica is difficult to reach.A. It B. What C. As D. which【答案】c【解析】此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as在定语从句中域语,代替整个句子 的内容。(21) is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach.A. It B. What C. As D. which【答案】B【解析】考查主语从句,此处what is well-knov.-n是主语从句虽然定语从句的结构和用法比拟复杂,但只要从定语从句的形式上、结构上和用法上来 分析理解和比拟,
13、就一定就能把握定语从句的用法。【难点探究】.考查which/who(m)引导的非限制性定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句,用以指代整个主句的内容,或主句中某个词或短语的内 容。【彳列】She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. themB. whoC. whomD. these【答案】c.【解析】考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。句意为:她带着她的三个朋友,他们三个中 没有一个人我曾见过。表示;局部的词语-of-关系代词”在非限制性定语从句指人只能用 whom-例 By serving other
14、s, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A. who B. which C. what D. that【答案】B【解析】Which在此引导非限制性定语从句,which在定语从句中作主语,表示前面所提到 的情况。【例】 Chans restaurant on Baker Street, used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.A. that B. which C. who D.
15、 where【答案】B【解析】which used to be poorly run为非限制性定语从句,其中的which指代前面的Chans restaur anto.考查as引导的非限制性定语从句as也可指代整个主句的内容,但不同于which的是,它引导的定语从句既可以位于主 句的前面,也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”,as在这些从句中作主语或宾语。【例】I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.A. When B. After C. As D. Since【答案】c【解
16、析】as引导非限制性定语从句,其意为正如”。【彳列】is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As【答案】D【解析】引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前,用as引导。2 .考查由“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词十关系代词”结构中的关系代词主要是which或whom,不能是that;其中的介词 那么要根据句子中的相关搭配来确定。【彳列】 He was educated at the local high school,_he went on to Beijing
17、University.A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that【答案】A【解析】after which中的whi指他在当地一所高中接受教育,after which的意思就是“在 当地一所高中接受完教育之后(即高中毕业之后)二【例】 She was educated at Beijing University,she went on to have her advanced study abroad.A. after which B. from which Cfrom that D. after that【答案】A【解析】after
18、which在此引导非限制性定语从句,相当于and after tliab又如:drdthis at nineoclock, after which I sat reading the paper.9点时我做这件事,之后我就坐在那里看报。3 .考查由.of which引导的定语从句这类结构主要表示所属关系、同位关系或整体与局部的关系。(1) It is reported that two schools,are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A. they both B. which both C. both of them D.
19、 both of which【答案】D【解析】both of which are being built in mv hometov.n为非限制性定语从句,其中的which指 代前面的two schools.(2) We shouldn,t spent our money testing so many people, most of_are healthy.A. that B. which C. what D. whom【答案】D【解析】由于先行词为so many people,赵假设恭代词只能用Miom,而不能用其他三个选项。 其中的of表示整体与局部的关系,most of whom意为他
20、们当中的大多数二.考查由where, when, why引导的定语从句关系副词where, when, why引导定语从句时,它们分别在从句中充当地点状语、时间 状语和原因状语。【例】Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity sightmatters more than hearing.A. when B. whose C. which D. where【答案】D【解析】v;here引导定语从句,修饰先行词an activity.句意为:那些失服的成功舞蹈演员 们认为,舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。【例】
21、The book was written in 1946,the education system has witnessed great changes.A. when B.during which C. since then D. since when【答案】D【解析】smce when中的when指1946, s加e when指的是since 1946,即指咱1946年起二 注意不要误选C,如果将C改为and since then,那么可选C-6.考查whose引导的定语从句此时要注意三点:(1) whose引导的定语从句,其后应紧跟名词,构成“whose+名词”;Whose引导的定语从
22、句,其先行词不仅可以指人,还可以指物;(3) whose引导的定语 从句指物时,可用of which代替whose,但词序不同,即whose+名词=the+名词+of whicho【例】Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from effectsthe people are still suffering.A. that B. whose C. those D. what【答案】B【解析】whose引导的定语从句,表示所属关系。【彳列】 George Orwell,was Eric Arthur, wrote man
23、y political novels and essays.A. the real nameB. what his real nameC. his real nameD. whose real name【答案】D【解析】whose引导的定语从句,表示所属关系。7 .考查分隔式定语从句即所考查的定语从句与先行词之间插有其他修饰语。做题时应撇开其中的修饰语,直接 将先行词与定语从句联系起来。【例】The film brought the hours back to meIwas taken good care of in that farawayvillage.A. until B. that C
24、. when D. where【答案】c【解析】先行词是the hours, back to me是插入先行词与定语从句之间的干扰成分.【例】 It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,_for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.A. that B. while C. which D. when【答案】D【解析】定语从句修饰的先行词是an exciting momento.考查关系词省略的限制性定语从句能被省略的关系代词主要是用作宾语的that,
25、 which, whom, who等,且只限于限制性 定语从句中。另外,the way后接定语从句修饰时,也可省略关系代词。【例】一Why does she always ask you for help?一There is no one else, is there?A. who to turn to . B. she can turn toC. for whom to turn D. for her to turn【答案】B【解析】先行词是no one else,定语从句she can turn to前省略了作宾语的关系代词whom 或who。值得指出的是,本句还可以写成to whom s
26、he can turno【例】 What surprised me was not what he said but_he said it.A. the way B. in the way thatC. in the way D. the way which【答案】A【解析】考1查the way后接定语从句的用法。the way后接定语从句有三种用法:用m which 引导;用that引导;省略关系词.此题属于第三种用法。8 .考查定语从句与其他知识点的综合运用【例】 He is the only one of the students whoa winner of scholarship f
27、or threeyears.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been【答案】D【解析】此题形式上好像只是考查主谓一致和时态的运用,实际上关隆是确定先行词。代词 one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式,。流of the students中的先行 词是the students,定语从句的渭语动词要用复数形式;但此处the onlv one of the studunts中 的先行词是the only one,所以定语从句中的渭语动词要用单数形式。而且句中因为有状语 for three years,要用现在完成时,所以综合判断后餐褰只能是D.例 M
28、eeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,1 will always treasure.A. that B. one C. it D. what【答案】B【解析】题中的one是an unforgettable moment的同位语,同时也是先行词,其后就是一个 定语从句,12二always treasure前省略了作宾语的关系代词that, treasure在这里是及物动 词,意思是铭记”、珍藏二 【历届高考】2018 山东卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both
29、of have been madeinto television series.A. themB. thatC. whichD. what【答案】【解析】此处先行词是two novels,后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置,因此用both of which引导。句意:Maria写了两部小说,两部都被拍成了电视剧。【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。【2018 福建卷23. The air quality in the city, is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A. that B. it C. as
30、D. what【考点】此题考查定语从句的引导词【答案】C【解析体句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了工,把句子转换成:S shown :n the report the quality :n the uty has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限 制性定语从句gj导嬲包蔗指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导正如在所写的那样工【2018 浙江卷17. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human soc
31、iety.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom【考点】定语从句【答案】B【解析】who引导非限定性定语从句,在从句中做主语,修饰先行词Ellen (人名)。Which 修行先行词是物的定语从句;whom修饰先行词为人,且在从句中做宾语;where修饰先行词 是地点名词,且在从句中地点状语,均不符合语境,故排除。【2018浙江卷9. We live in an age more information is available withgreater ease than ever before.A. whyB. whenC. to whom D. on which【考点】定
32、语从句【答案】B【解析】when引导定义从句,在从句中做时间状语,修饰先行词an age (时代).此处的when=at whicho【2018 江苏卷22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. whoC. where D. what【考点】定语从句一关系代词【答案】B【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语,所以用关系代词who引导。应选B项。【举一反三
33、】由who引导的定语从句关系代词wh。只能指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。如:A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.教师是传授知识的人。(关系代词在从句中作主语)The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。(关系代词who在从句中作主语)2018 安徽卷】29. A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of l
34、ife, so parents should talk much .to their children during that period.A. asB. itC. whichD. This【答案】A【解析】如果选择B或D就出现了两个句子了.此题考查非限制性定语从句:关系代词指整 个一句话 A lot of language learning is happening :n the first year of l:fen 传统考法是直接把从句 放在句首,我不知道这里是不是算作句首,我相信学生们也会是一头雾水吧-【as用在句首, which用在句末,正确答案应该是A】【考点】考查定语从句。【2
35、018江西卷28.By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that【答案】A【考点】考察非限制性定语从句【解析】到16:30几乎是截止时间时,几乎所有的画都被售出了。盅包或可知考察非限制性定语从句,排除CD根据句子结构,定语从句缺少主语,故谡逐 代词A (which)而不选关系副词B.【2018 湖南134. Care of the soul is a gradual process even the small detailsof li
36、fe should be considered.A. whatB. in whatC. whichD. in which【答案】D【考点】本句考查定语从句.【解析】此处process为时间,且从句完整,故用m the process。复合句定语从句引导词 in which介词TI导词2018 重庆卷29. Sales director is a position communication ability is justas important as salesA. whichB. thatC. when D. where【考点】定语从句【答案】D【解析】“position为先行词,后面是其定
37、语从句,关系词在从句中作的是地点状语,因此, 应该使用关系副词飞liere”来引导定语从句。因此,正确答案为D选项.技巧点拨:句意表示“我已经到达人生的一个转折点,应该自己做决定。”先行词是point, 关系词在从句中作地点状语,因此,正确答案为B选项。1、领先行词是不定代词 all, little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some 等时。Ue did everything that he could to help us.2、先行词被 all, every, no , some, any , litt
38、le, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just 等修饰时。The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。 This is the most interesting film that I ve ever seen.4、领先行时前有such或the same修饰时,先行词和关系代词指同一物时。She is wearing the same dress that she wore y
39、esterday.5、先行词既有人又有物时,Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时,Who is the boy that won the gold medal?7、在同一个句子里,假设有两个定语从句,其中一个关系词已用了 which,另一个宜用that.Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.8、当关系代词在从句
40、中作表语时。(只限于限制性定语从句中)China is no longer the country that it used to be.9、领先行词是集体名词时,多用that,He wants to join the team that won the game.10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词,且可省略。T don t like the way (that) he talks to me.三、只用which不用that时情况1 引导非限制性定语从句时:Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾
41、语且介词前置。This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.3、先行词本身是 that 时:What s that which flashed rin the sky just now?4、先行词后有插入语时,Here is the English grammar book which, as I ve told you, will help improve your English.5. which用作表语,指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。He is an engineer, which I am not。关系代as:在限制性定语从
42、句中用在such, the same, as, so之后,as引导的定语从 句常采用省略形式。2018 四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students, half wear glasses.A. in whomB. in themC. of whomD. of them【答案】c【考点】此题考查定语从句.【解析】前后两句话之间无连词,故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句;在46个学生当中,表所属,应用。f.故答案选G 2018 陕西卷14. It is the third time that she has won the race,
43、 has surprised us all.A. thatB. whereC. which D. what【答案】c【考点】考查定语从句。【解析】所填词前有逗号,是非限制性定语从句,先行词是整个主句,关系词在从句中做主语,选C.其余选项与题干不符。【2018 北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when【答案】B【考点】此题考查非限制性定语从句。【解析】which he often wa
44、s是定语从句,其先行词是前面的整个句子,定语从句中缺少 表语,所以用whicho句意:正如他一贯的那样,当全身心投入工作的时候,他就忘了吃 和睡。【2018 全国 II 8. That evening, I will tell you more about later, I ended upworking very late.A. that B. which C. what D. when【答案】B【解析】这里that evening是先行词,其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语,所以用whicho 句意:以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上,我工作到了很晚。【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词.201
45、8 天津卷】 7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would neverhave got this far.A.whoB. whoseC. whomD. which【答案】B【考点】此题考查定语从句的关系代词。【解析】whose 代替 Professor Smith s.2018全国卷I) 31 The prize will go to the writer story shows the mostimagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. whatR答案1 CR考点考查定语从句.R解析此题主句中
46、的先行词mter和从句中的主语story有所属关系,译为作者的故事, 因此选C句子的意思是:我们的奖金会留给故事情节最富有想象力的作者。,2018全国卷H) 7二 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A. thisB. thatC. whatD. whichK答案U DK考点,考查定语从句。R解析分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句,首先排除A和C;根据空前的逗号可知,该 句为非限制性定语扶句,排除B。该从句应用which引导
47、,which在从句中作主语,代指前 丽的整个句子。一2018北京卷)26 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, of corurse, make all the others upset.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. thatR答案W BR考点考查非限定性定语从句。R解析3逗号后的非限定性定语从句中缺少主语,which引导非限制性定语从句,指优整文 主句局部的内容。选择which。R2018上海卷)391 You 11 find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. asR答案3 aR考点考查定语从句。R解析先行词为the bus station,从句中渭语动词h:re后菱褰遗,故用关系代词which。一2018山东卷)32 The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.A. theyB. whereC. whatD. thatR答案】DR考点此题考察定语从句的引导词