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1、专题16阅读理解说明类I、2021年高考真题试卷（新高考I卷C篇）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wiIdlife. Native Americans have taken care of these precious natural resourses wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the se
2、ttlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl （水禽）were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly re
3、ducing waterfowl habitat （栖息地）.J. N. 934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act （Act）, an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory （迁徙的）waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all water fowl hunters 16 years
4、 of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J. N. Ding Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. H
5、unters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System-a fact that ensures
6、this land will be protected and available for al 1 generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation progra
7、ms ever initiated.1. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?A. LossB. Popularity.B. Popularity of water sports.C. Pol lutionl）. Arrivals.1） . Arrival of other wild animals.You* ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceanbetween 4. 8 and 12. 7 million tonnes enter ocea
8、n ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.At the beginning of the y
9、ear, the artist built a piececalled y，Strawpocalypse, “ a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168, 000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.J
10、ust 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source （来源）of plastic pollution, but they，ve recently come under fire because most people dont need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw thats part o
11、f Von Wongs artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to i 1 lustrate （说明）a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload* s worth of plastic enters the ocean
12、. For this work, titled Truckload of Plastic, “ Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10, 000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look 1 ike theyd been dumped （倾倒） from a truck al 1 at once.Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce
13、their plastic footprint.1. What are Von Wongs artworks intended for?A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Introducing eco-friendly products.C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage on the beach.2. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A. To show the diffi
14、culty of their recycling.B. To explain why they are useful.C. To voice his views on modern art.D. To find a substitute for them.3. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic have on viewers?A. Calming. B. Disturbing.C. Refreshing. D. Chai lenging.4. Which of the fol lowing can be the best title for the
15、 text?A. Artists* Opinions on Plastic SafetyMedia Interest in Contemporary ArtB. Responsibility Demanded of Big CompaniesOcean Plastics Transformed into SculpturesCABD本文为说明文。讲述了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用回收到的废旧吸管创作艺术作品“吸管 末日”，目的是提醒人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改善环境问题的参 与意识。1 .细节理解题。由第段最后句可知，该艺术家创作的初衷是督促公众重新审视与次性
16、 塑料制品的关系。故选C O.推理判断题。第三段作者阐述了吸管由于体积小，重量轻，很难回收。故选A。2 .推理判断题。根据首段 forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to-及 尾段. wj i also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint* 可 知，原文中的Von Wong希望让人们可以重新审视他们对于塑料制品的处理方式。B选项 Disturbing的意思为“令人不安的，引起恐慌的，符合文意。故选B。3 .主旨大意题。本文围绕环保话题，介绍了一位叫
17、本杰明的艺术家，试图用塑料垃圾创作雕 塑作品，唤起公众对塑料垃圾的重视。故选D。（全国乙卷D篇）During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction （干扰）in his open office, he said, Thats why I have a membership at the coworking ce across the streetso I can focus. Hi
18、s comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking ces also typically use an open office layout （布局）.But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randoml
19、y divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total si lence to 50 decibels （分贝），70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group-those exposed to a l
20、evel of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop-significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were sma11, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not diff er that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.But since the results at 70
21、decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise-not too loud and not total silencemay actually improve ones creative thinking abi 1 ily. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations
22、 to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus“ appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into others, conversations w
23、hile we, re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking ce or a coffee shop provides a certain 1 eve 1 of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.1. Why does the interviewer prefer a co
24、working ce?A. It helps him concentrate.B. It blocks out background noise.C. It has a pleasant atmosphere.D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.2. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels.C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels.3. What makes a
25、n open office unwelcome to many people?A. Personal privacy unprotected.B. Limited working ce.C. Restrictions on group discussion.D. Constant interruptions.4. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. Hes a news reporter.B. Hes an office manager.C. II。s a professional designer.1) . Hes a pu
26、blished writer.ACD1)本文是一篇说明文，通过实验数据分析了过分办公室噪音对于办公效率的影响，但合伙办公 有利于集中注意力，适量的声音有利于创新思维。1 .细节理解题。由第一段第二句so I can focus”可知，采访者喜欢在公用工作场所办 公，是因为他可以集中精力。故选A。2 .细节理解题。由第二段“the participants in the 70 decibels group significantly outperformed the other groups可知，在7()分贝下采访者的表现最优，说明该环境可以改 善创造性思维能力。故选C。3 .推理判断题。由最后
27、一段第二句cant stop ourselves from getting drawn into other, s conversations while were trying to focus 可知，开放式办公环境中，经常有 其他事情分散人们的注意力。故选D。4 .推理判断题。由第一段第一句可知，作者在为自己的书接受采访，可推断他是作家。故选D。（浙江卷C篇）If you ever get the impression that your dog can tell whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something.
28、 Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study.Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images （图 像）of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown on 1y the upper hal
29、f or the lower half of the person* s face. The researchers then tested the dogst ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person s face or images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pi
30、ck the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. We can rule out that the dogs sim
31、ply distinguish between the pictures bused on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth, said study anthor Corsin Mui ler. Instead, our results suggest that the surcessful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the s
32、ame meaning as angry eyes.”“With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions,“ Muller told Live Science.At this point, i t is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped wi th the abi 1 ity to recognize different facial expressions
33、in humans. To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, “ and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Mui ler said.1.The new study focu
34、sed on whether dogs can.A.distinguish shapesmake sense of human facesB. feel happy or angryDmunicate with each other2.What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?A.Researchers tested the dogs in random order.B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.C. Pictures used in the two stages we
35、re di fferent.I）. The dogs were photographed before the test.3. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. A suggestion for future studies.B. A possible reason for the study findings.C. A major limitation of the study.D. An explanation of the research method.BCB本文是一篇科普类说明文，实验研究表明，狗能够辨别人类的不同的面部的高兴还是愤
36、怒表 情。1 .细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study.可知，狗能够分辨开心的表情和不 开心的表情，故选B。2 .推断题。根据第二段第三句Th。researchers then tested the dogs ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person
37、, s f ace or i mages total ly di fferent from the ones used in training.“可知， 训练时和测试时使用的人脸照片完全不同，故选Co.主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段可知，狗为何能够识别人的表情的原因不明，紧接着给出 了最可能的解释：可能是狗长期与人类生活，所以练就了识别人类表情的能力，故选B。II、2021年高考模拟试题（诸暨市5月模拟阅读理解B篇）The great thing about libraries is that they house al 1 types of booksfrommysteries to biog
38、raphy and dramasall in one location. The bad thing about librariesis that they house all types of books in one location, and if it s a location youcannot get to, you are out of luck. Now, mobile 1 ibrary solutions are appearing quickly around the country to bring books to people who need them.A few
39、years ago, when the Little Free Libraries Movement kicked off, more people of all ages could have access to books. Now, more than 1, 5000 free book stands can be found across the globe, bringing books to unexpected places. But many folks arc simply not in a position to get to the places where the bo
40、oks are. Bookmobile buses are a good solution, but they can be expensive to fund and to operate.Books on Bikes programs are popping up in areas where there is a strong bike culture, in some regions like Seattle, or a strong need to bring books to the masses, for example, in San Francisco.The Seattle
41、 Public Library, s Books on Bike program consists of three bike/trailer combos（组合）that librarians bring to community events. The trailers are even Wi-Fi enab 1 ed so that visi tors can sign up for a I ibrary card and browse（浏览）the I ihrary* s card catalogue on the spot.“Seattle has a really strong b
42、ike culture so we want to tap into that and piovide full service library programs but do it in a way that is quick and smart, w librarian Jared Mills said in an interview.San Francisco, s program, called Bibliobiciclcta, was launched in 2013 by librarian Alicia Tapia. Her trailer can hold about 100
43、books and attracts readers of al 1 ages and incorne 1evels. It s an independent, donation-based 1ibrary1 ike a Little Free Library, but on whee1s.When asked why she wou1d start a free 1ibrary on a bike, Tapia answers, “Why not? Bikes are cool, and can go anywhere. wWhat is the passage mainly about?A
44、. Free libraries on bikes.B. Unique bicycle cultures.C. Popular online libraries.I）. Various 1 ibrary movements.1. The underlined words in paragraph 5 are closest in meaning to .A. come up withB. stay in touch with C. keep pace withD. takeadvantage of2. What did Tapia think of the program?A. Environ
45、ment-friendly.B. Practical.C.Controversial.D. Profitable.ADB本文是说明文。文章介绍了新型的自行车图书馆。和传统的图书馆相比，自行车图书馆灵活 机动且成本低廉，对读者也很有吸引力。1 .主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Now, mobile library solutions are appearing quickly around the country to bring books to people who need them.（现在，移动图书馆的解 决方案正迅速出现在全国各地，以将书籍带给需要书籍的人）”和第三段的“Books on
46、Bikes programs are popping up in areas where there is a strong bike culture, in some regions like Seattle, or a strong need to bring books to the masses, for example, in San Francisco.（关于自行车项目的书籍出现在有强烈自行车文化的地区，比如西雅图，或者强 烈需要把书籍带给大众的地区，例如在旧金山）”结合全文内容可推断，文章主要讲述了新型 的自行车免费图书馆，灵活机动，成本低廉，故选A项。2 .词句猜测题。上文MS
47、eattle has a really strong bike culture”说明西雅图有很强 自 行车文化，结合下文 “provide full service library programs but do it in a way that is quick and smart （提供全面服务的图书馆项目，但是用快速且明智的方法）”以及so和that （指代上文提到的西雅图强大的自行车文化）可推断，此处说的是：西雅图有强大的自行车 文化，所以我们想要利用这个文化，以一种快速和聪明的方式提供全面服务的图书馆项目。 故划线短语“tap into表示“利用”，与D项意思相近,故选D。3 .推理
48、判断题。根据最后一段“When asked why she would start a free library on a bike, Tapia answers, Why not? Bikes are cool, and can go anywhere. ”（当被问到为什么她 会推出自行车上的免费图书馆时，塔皮娅回答说：为什么不呢？自行车很酷，可以去任何 地方。）”可推断出，Tapia认为自行车图书馆非常方便实用。故选B。（诸暨市5月模拟-阅读理解C篇）More than one in five species of maple trees faces extinction, a shock
49、ing new report has revealed.The trees are experiencing a vast decline in habitat, due to urban development,timber harvesting, and agricultural expansion. Time is running out for the world* s biodiversity, said Douglas Justice, associate director at the University of British Columbia Botanical Garden.