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1、2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练（13）A new outbreak of disease: The spread of monkeypox新的疾病爆发：猴痘的传播【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇,认识即可;下划线单词为课标词汇,需熟记。）SINCE BRITAIN reported a case of monkeypox on May 7th, more than 300 further cases have been reported across the world. The disease, which is usuallyconfined to Africa, is nowpres
2、ent in at least 17 countries in Europe and five other non-African ones.The symptomsare similar to those of smallpox（天花）,a disease that once troubled humans but has now been wiped out. Some researchers suggest that, ending routine anti-smallpox vaccination（ S 苗）may have opened the door for monkeypox
3、to spread.The World Health Organisation （WHO） says the illness rarely kills healthy adults if treated early, but can be dangerous for children, pregnant women and the immunocompromised（免疫缺够的）.Those warnings are important. There is no recorded case of anyone outside Africa having died of monkeypox. B
4、ut in that land, where health care is often poor, it is fata13-6% of the time. Also, a strain preua/e4流行菌株）in Congo is much more likely to kill than the west African variant （ ） now spreading outside the continent.Previous European outbreaks have been limited to travellers from Africa, or their clos
5、e contacts. The first case found in Britain this month involved someone recently arrived from Nigeria. Since then, the disease has spread more widely. By May 25th Britain had diagnosed7 1 cases. Spain had reported 119. Portugal, 39. Argentina, Austria and Denmark confirmed infections on May 23rd. Mo
6、nkeypox is most frequently transmitted by skin-to-skin contact, bodily fluids or polluted material such as clothes and bedding. Many of the recent European infections have been linked to big events. Hans Kluge, the WHOs regional director for Europe, has warned thatfestivals and parties could acceler
7、atetransmission during the summermonths. He recommends thorough handwashing and protective equipment for health workers. Infected people and their contacts have been advised to isolate for 21 days and health authorities are using contact-tracing to reduce the spread.But the virus is not as rapidly t
8、ransmissible as SARS-COV-2. Nor does it develop as quickly as coronaviruses , reducing the risk of it suddenly becoming more dangerous. And Western countries know how to deal with it. The last big outbreak outside Africa was in 2003, when monkeypox-carrying prairie dogs caused more than 70 cases in
9、America. That incident was quickly contained Vaccination can help people recover even after they have been infected, and smallpox jabs （of which many countries keep large stocks） are estimated to be 85% effective against monkeypox. Some places are already “ring-vaccinating“ the personal contacts of
10、those infected, both to protect the individuals in question and to break the chain of infection. So, although the number of cases will probably continue to rise for a while, monkeypox is most unlikely to lead to lockdowns in the way that covid-19 did.【课标词汇精讲】1. confine v.限制J ；使局限Your boating will mo
11、stly be confined to a few hours at weekends.你通常只限于在周末划几个小时船。Lets confine our discussion to the matter in question, please!请把讨论集中在正题上!2. present adj.现存的；当前的We do not have any more information at the present time.目前我们没有进步的消息。A few brief comments are sufficient for present purposes.就当前而言，几句简短的话已经足够了。3.
12、 wipe out彻底毁灭；勾销；去除，抹去；使疲惫不堪Whole villages were wiped out by the floods.整个整个的村庄被洪水吞没。All that travelling has wiped her out. 一路舟车辛劳让她疲惫不堪。4. fatal致命的;灾难性的This illness is fatal in almost all cases.这种病几乎是不治之症。He made the fatal mistake/error of believing what they told him.他听信 了 他们的话，犯了 灾难性的错误。5. contin
13、ent大陆，大洲the North American continent 北美大陆the continents of Asia and Africa 亚非两洲；亚洲和非洲previous以前的，先前的Fve met him before on two previous occasions我以前见过他两次Do you have any previous experience of this type of work?你以前有过做这种工作的经验吗？6. contact传达；联系；遭遇，遇见He had lost contact with his friends.他和朋友们失去了 联系。Fm sti
14、ll in contact with her - we write a couple of times a year.我和她仍有联系我们一年写几封信。1.1 nvolve包括，包含；使参与，牵涉The second accident involved two cars and a lorry.第二次意外涉及两辆小汽车和一辆大卡车。Shes been involved with animal rights for many years.她多年来一直参与保护动物权益的活动。It would be difficult not to involve the childs father in the a
15、rrangements,不让孩子的父亲参与筹划会很困难。9. diagnose诊断（疾病等）She was finally diagnosed as having epilepsy.她最终被确诊为患有癫痫。20,000 men are diagnosed with skin cancer every year.每年有 20,000 名男子被查出患有皮肤癌confirm证实，确定Six people have confirmed that they will be attending and ten havent replied yet.有六人已确认各参力U, 还有 十人尚未答覆。Flights
16、 should be confirmed 48 hours before departure.应该在起飞前 48 小时确认航班。10. transmit传递；传播Cholera is transmitted through contaminated water.霍乱是透过受污染的水传播。Some diseases are transmitted from one generation to the next.有些疾病是世代遗传的。11. link把联系起来;有联系，有关联：A love of nature links the two poets.对大自然的热爱把两位诗人联系在一起。Strong
17、 family ties still linked them together.牢固的家庭纽带依然把他们联系在一起。12. accelerate （使）加快，（使）增速；促进；提前，（促使）早日发生The car accelerated smoothly away.那辆汽车平稳地加速离开。Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.暴露在 日 光下会力口,快老化过程。13. recommend推荐，荐举;劝告做，建议（某事）I recommend writing your feelings down on paper.我建议你把自
18、己的感受写下来。The doctor recommended （that） I take more exercise.医生建议我多做运动。14. infected受感染的After the operation the wound became infected.手术后伤 口 受至U 了 感染。Clean the wound so it doesn*t get infected .清洗一下伤 口 以免感染。15. isolate使隔离；使孤立；使脱离He was isolated from all the other prisoners.他被人从其他所有囚犯隔离开来。They tried to
19、isolate （= find） the cause of the problem,他们试图找出问题的原因。16. contain控制，抑制，克制He could barely contain himself from jumping up to exclaim.他几乎控制不住要跳起来惊叫。More police were sent to help contain the violence.更多警力被派去协助控制暴力行为。17. estimate估计；估算；估价They estimate (that) the journey will take at least two weeks .他们估计
20、这次行程至少需要两周时间。The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.这棵树估计至少有 700 年了。19.in question正被谈论的，讨论中的；考虑中的；辩论中的;有疑问的，被怀疑的：I stayed at home on the night in question.那个晚上我留在家里没外出。Fm afraid his honesty is now in question.恐怕他的诚信现在让人怀疑了。20.1 ead to导致，引起Closing the plant will lead to 300 job losses.关掉这
21、个工厂会导致 300 多人失业。A degree in English could lead to a career in journalism.有英语专业的学位可让你有机会从事新闻工作。【课标词汇精练】根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”和“重点短语”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。1. Pve accepted the job over the phone, but I havent in writing yet.我已在 中接受了 这份工作，但还没有书 面确认。2. Somehow your panic and fear itself to the horse that youYe
22、riding.不知怎么的,你的恐惧会传染给你骑的 马。3. Where were you during the evening ?所说的那天晚上你在哪儿？4. There isnt enough between teachers and parents.老师和家长间联系不够。5. I prefer teaching methods that actively students in learning.我较喜欢能让学生主动参与学习的教学法。6. By closing the infected farms were hoping to the disease to the north of the
23、 region.透过关闭受感染的农 场，我们希望把疾病限制在该地区的北部。7. The situation cannot be allowed to continue.不能允许现在的局面持续下去。8. Nothing couldhis bitter memories of the past.什么也抹不掉他过去的痛苦记忆。9. His condition as some sort of blood disorder.他的病被诊断为某种血液病。10. If it is not treated correctly, the condition can prove ,如果治疗不当，这种病可能会致命。1
24、1. Training is provided, so no experience is required for the job.这项工作提供培训I,因此不要求以前有相关经 验Reducing speed limits should fewer deaths on the roads.降低限速可以减少交通死亡人数。12. You are strongly to seek professional advice.你寻求专业方面的咨询。13. The climbers together by ropes,登山者用绳子连在一起。14. They use special chemicals to t
25、he growth of crops.他们使用特殊的化学品来刺激农作物生长。15. Farms in the area have been closed off in an attempt tothe disease.为阻止疾病扩散，该地区的农场都被关闭 了。16. It was difficult to how many trees had been destroyed.很难估计有多少树被毁。17. In heavily areas, half the population become blind.在受污染严重的地区，有一半人口 失明。18. A high wall the house f
26、rom the rest of the village.一堵高墙将这栋房子与村庄的其他局部隔离开Keys:1. Fve accepted the job over the phone, but I havent confirmed in writing yet.2. Somehow your panic and fear transmits itself to the horse that youre riding.3. Where were you during the evening in question?4. There isnt enough contact between teac
27、hers and parents.5. I prefer teaching methods that actively involve students in learning.6. By closing the infected farms were hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region.7. The present situation cannot be allowed to continue.8. Nothing could wipe out his bitter memories of the past.9.
28、His condition was diagnosed as some sort of blood disorder.10. If it is not treated correctly, the condition can prove fatal (=be fatal).11. Training is provided, so no previous experience is required for the job.12. Reducing speed limits should lead to fewer deaths on the roads.13. You are strongly
29、 recommended to seek professional advice.14. The climbers were linked together by ropes.15. They use special chemicals to accelerate the growth of crops.16. Farms in the area have been closed off in an attempt to contain the disease.17. It was difficult to estimate how many trees had been destroyed.
30、18. In heavily infected areas, half the population become blind.19. A high wall isolated the house from the rest of the village.【译文】自英国5月7日报告第一例猴痘病例以来，全球各地已累计报告300多例。通常猴痘仅出现在非洲，但如 今猴痘病例已存在于至少17个欧洲国家以及其他5个非洲以外国家。猴痘的病症（发烧、乏力以及遍布在脸上和身体上的脓疱）与天花类似，天花曾一度肆虐全人类，但如今 已被消灭。一些研究人员表示，正是因为不再进行常态化注射天花疫苗，可能给猴痘的传播翻开
31、了大门。 世卫组织称，猴痘假设能早治疗，那么几乎不会给健康成年人造成生命危险，但是儿童、孕妇以及免疫功能低 下人群的死亡风险较大。这些警告至关重要。目前没有非洲以外病例死于猴痘的报告。但在医疗条件糟糕 的非洲，当时的致死率为3-6%。止匕外，相比于传播到非洲之外的猴痘西非变种，在刚果肆虐的猴痘毒株更 为致命。之前在欧洲爆发的猴痘感染人群都是从非洲归来的旅游者或他们的密切接触者。本月英国发现的 第一个病例与近期从尼日利亚返回的某人有关。自此，猴痘的传播范围更广。截止5月25日，英国已确诊 71例；西班牙报道119例；葡萄牙报道39例；阿根廷、奥地利和丹麦都在5月23日确认发生猴痘感染。 猴痘主要
32、通过皮肤接触、体液或衣物被单等受污染材料进行传播。欧洲近期绝大多数感染与大型活动有关。 世卫组织欧洲区负责人HansKluge警告称：夏日举行的各种节日和派对“会加剧传播”。他推荐人们认真地洗 手，医疗工作者要穿戴防护设备。他还建议感染人群和密接者要隔离21天，卫生机构正使用密接追踪手段 以尽可能减少传播。相比于新冠病毒，猴痘的传播速度不快，也没有新冠病毒一样的快速变异能力，这降 低了猴痘突然变危险的风险。并且西方国家了解如何应对猴痘。上一次猴痘在非洲以外的大爆发发生在2003 年，当时携带猴痘病毒的草原犬鼠在美国引发70多个感染病例，不过这一事故很快得以遏制。即使感染猴痘后，注射疫苗也能帮助
33、患者康复，并且很多国家都有大量存货的天花疫苗预计对猴痘有 85%的有效性。不少地区已经对个人密接者开展“环形接种”，既保护了不确定是否感染的人群，也阻断感染 传播链。因此，虽然感染数可能暂时还会上升，猴痘几乎不可能引起像针对新冠病毒那样的封锁措施。【背景知识】猴痘是一种病毒性人畜共患病，人类中出现的病症与过去在天花患者身上所看到的病症相似。但是自 1980年世界上消灭天花以后，天花已不复存在，而猴痘仍然在非洲局部地区散发。猴痘发生于非洲中西部雨林中的猴类，也可感染其他动物，偶可使人类受感染。临床表现类似天花， 但病情较轻。这种疾病由猴痘病毒造成，它属于一个包括天花病毒，并在天花疫苗中采用的病毒和牛痘病 毒的病毒组，但需与天花、水痘相鉴别。这种病毒可以通过直接密切接触由动物传染给人，也可以在人与 人之间传播。传染途径主要包括血液和体液。但是，猴痘的传染性远逊于天花病毒。2022年猴痘疫情最先被英国在当地时间2022年5月7日发现。当地时间5月20日，随着欧洲确诊和疑似猴痘病例超过100例，世界卫生组织确认就猴痘召开紧急会议。当地时间2022年5月29日，世卫组 织发布疾病信息通报，并将猴痘的全球公共卫生风险评估为中等。