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1、EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14649April 2005ICS 91.100.30English versionPrecast concrete products-Test method for strength retentionof glass fibres in cement and concrete(SIC TEST)Produits prfabriqus en bton-Mthode dessai de laconservation de la rsistance des fibres de verre en
2、contactavec le ciment et le bton(SIC-TEST)Vorgefertigte Betonerzeugnisse-Prfverfahren zurBestimmung der Bestndigkeit von Glasfasern in Beton(SIC-Prfung)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 March 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate
3、 the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration.Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in
4、three official versions(English,French,German).A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austri
5、a,Belgium,Cyprus,Czech Republic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMAL
6、ISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre:rue de Stassart,36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref.No.EN 14649:2005:E规定EN 14649:2005(E)2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references.5 3
7、 Terms and definitions.5 4 Material requirements.6 5 Test methods.9 5.1 Specimen manufacture.9 5.2 Accelerated ageing.10 5.3 Mechanical testing.10 6 Calculation of results.11 Annex A(normative)Sand specification-SIC test.12 Annex B(informative)Strand in cement test results sheet.14 Bibliography.15 E
8、N 14649:2005(E)3 Foreword This document(EN 14649:2005)has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229“Precast concrete products”,the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard,either by publication of an identical text or by endo
9、rsement,at the latest by October 2005,and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2005.This document includes a Bibliography.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement thi
10、s European Standard:Austria,Belgium,Cyprus,Czech Republic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland and United Kingdom.EN 14649:2005(E)4 Introduction The
11、Strand in Cement(SIC)test measures the tensile strength of a glass fibre strand in a specified hardened cement or mortar environment.The test enables an assessment to be made of the strength durability of strands of glass fibre after accelerated ageing,under conditions which approximate to those in
12、a cement or concrete precast product.This test may be used to ensure that an AR glass fibre complies with the specified minimum value of retained strength as defined in the related standard Precast Concrete products-classification of GRC performances when tested in standard conditions.The test is a
13、type test,and is appropriate to determine whether the fibre is suitable to use in a standard current matrix,or if necessary using different types of cement or modified cement matrices.The method utilises a strand of glass fibre as used in the commercial glass fibre reinforcement product.In the test
14、the middle section of a length of glass fibre strand is encased within a block of cement paste.The block is cured and aged under defined conditions for a given time and the strength of the encased part of the strand is determined by applying a tensile load at each end of the strand.The test may be p
15、erformed on strands extracted from a roving or on strands from a cake prior to making up into rovings or chopped strands.Strands of different tex may be assessed.EN 14649:2005(E)5 1 Scope This document provides details of equipment,materials and procedure for performing the Strand in Cement test on
16、a sample of glass fibre strand in a hardened cement environment.Requirements for glass fibres used as reinforcement in cements and concrete are defined in the European Standard Precast Concrete products-classification of GRC performances.It applies to continuous filament glass fibre products in the
17、form of rovings,strands,or chopped strands and related products such as nets or chopped strand mats based on these products.2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.For dated references,only the edition cited applies.For undated
18、 references,the latest edition of the referenced document(including any amendments)applies.EN 1169:1999,Precast Concrete Products General rules for factory production control of glass-fibre reinforced cement.EN ISO 1889,Reinforcement yarns Determination of linear density(ISO 1889:1997).EN ISO 3344,R
19、einforcement products Determination of moisture content(ISO 3344:1997).EN ISO 7500-1,Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1:Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system(ISO 7500-1:2004).ISO 1887,Textile glass Dete
20、rmination of combustible-matter content.ISO 1888,Textile glass Staple fibres or filaments Determination of average diameter.ISO 3341,Textile glass Yarns Determination of breaking force and breaking elongation.3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document,the terms and definitions given i
21、n EN 1169:1999 and the following apply.3.1 Alkali Resistant(AR)Glass Fibre glass fibre product resistant to the alkaline environment of matrices made from hydraulic cement,and manufactured and sold for the reinforcement of cement and concrete products The resistance is due particularly to a specific
22、 composition of the glass.3.2 filament single glass fibre as obtained from the manufacturing process NOTE Adapted from EN ISO 472.3.3 strand number of approximately parallel filaments of 10 m30 m individual filament diameter,held together with a size NOTE Adapted from EN ISO 472 and ISO 1888.EN 1464
23、9:2005(E)6 3.4 cake number of strands wound together on a former;an intermediate stage in the manufacturing process,prior to the conversion to rovings or chopped strands 3.5 roving number of parallel strands wound together on a mandrel to form a uniform cylindrical package size NOTE Adapted from EN
24、ISO 472.3.6 chopped strands number of filaments bonded together with size to form strands in cake form,and then chopped into discrete lengths generally between 3 mm and 50 mm by the glass fibre manufacturer NOTE Adapted from EN ISO 472.3.7 size coating materials applied to the strand during manufact
25、ure to facilitate or improve processing,use and performance of the glass fibres NOTE Adapted from EN ISO 472.3.8 tex mass in grams per kilometre length of roving or strand,in units of TEX NOTE Adapted from EN ISO 1889.3.9 glass fibre reinforced cement(or concrete)GRC composite material consisting of
26、 a matrix of hydraulic binder reinforced with glass fibres,these materials being compatible 3.10 matrix part of glass-fibre reinforced cement including the mixture of sand,cement,water and if necessary additives and admixtures It is made up of the mixture of sand,cement,water and any additives and a
27、dmixtures.3.11 category A:strength retention by strand(SIC)test 250 MPa B:strength retention by strand(SIC)test 350 MPa 4 Material requirements The material shall include:a frame to hold the strands and to form ten moulds 30 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm into which cement is cast(Figure 1);a scale capable of w
28、eighing to 0,1 g;a scale capable of weighing to 0,1 mg;EN 14649:2005(E)7 a curing chamber capable of maintaining the frame assembly at(20 2)C and at 100%Relative Humidity;a water bath or container,with a ratio:volume 1 dm3 per 10 specimens,capable of maintaining moulded specimens at the required tem
29、perature 1 C;a testing machine of accuracy meeting the class 2 requirements specified in EN ISO 7500-1 with a load cell of 200 Newton full-scale deflection and a cross head speed of 1 mm/min;an oven capable of maintaining a temperature of(30 100)C 1 C;storage containers and mixing vessels,spatula et
30、c.EN 14649:2005(E)8 Key 1 Wooden frame 2 Plywood base 3 Cross piece 4 Gauge length markers 5 End block 6 Glassfibre Reinforced Plastic(GRP)or similar mould block 7 Slot for plywood base 8 Top cross piece 9 Bottom cross piece 10 Top cross piece 11 Bottom cross piece 12 Plywood base 13 Frame Figure 1
31、Frame for SIC specimen manufacture EN 14649:2005(E)9 5 Test methods 5.1 Specimen manufacture Ten individual specimens of the type shown in Figure 2 are needed for each determination.Key 1 Modelling clay 2 Grip length 3 Bare strand test length of 20 mm 4 Resin impregnated strand 5 Cement block L=30 m
32、m;width=10 mm;thickness=10 mm 6 30 mm Figure 2 Strand in cement(SIC)specimen The test is typically performed on strands(separated from a roving or cake)of between 19 tex and 150 tex.Experience has shown that the test is suitable for strands of 320 tex at maximum.Using the test frame,lengths of glass
33、 fibre strand are laid across the frame and held under slight tension by means of adhesive tape.At this stage,from the immediately adjacent portion of each length of strand a 1 m(to 2 mm)length is cut off and weighed to the nearest 0,1 mg in order to determine the strand tex.The weight measured for
34、each length is corrected for size content.Subtracting the percentage size content of the glass fibre product as determined by ISO 1887 does this.The central 20 mm test lengths of the glass fibre strands are defined by a marking system,for example by cotton or glass threads laid transversely across t
35、he centre portion of the frame.The epoxy resin,dyed with a colour to make more visible,is then applied as a coating to the test strands from a position 10 mm inside the frame edge up to the markers,leaving the central test length uncoated.The guide system is then removed and the glass strands straig
36、htened and tensioned before allowing the resin to cure.After the resin is cured,a small quantity of modelling clay or silicone sealant is placed around the strand,in the form of a grommet,at the point where the resin impregnated portion ends and the test length begins,and the moulds for the cement m
37、ortar blocks are positioned around the test lengths.The purpose of the clay grommet is to prevent any adherence between the resin-coated part of the strand and the cement mortar block.Any strands that have become loose are re-tensioned.EN 14649:2005(E)10 The cement mortar is mixed thoroughly by hand
38、 or with an automatic device in a beaker for 3 min to 4 min when the water is added.The cement used should be a Standard cement from a consistent source to ensure repeatability and is preferably a type with defined alkali content of Na2O-equivalent of 0,60%0,05%.For standard evaluation of glass fibr
39、es,the mix proportions to be used are:Standard Rapid Hardening Portland cement(CEM I)as above:75 parts by weight;sand(see specification Annex A):25 parts by weight;water 32 parts by weight.The moulds around the fibre strand test pieces are filled with the cement slurry and the frame tapped to ensure
40、 the mould is completely filled and level.Care shall be taken to avoid abrasion of the test fibre strands.Immediately after filling the moulds with cement,the frame is placed for 24 h in a curing chamber with a temperature of(20 25)C and a RH of(90 100)%.After this period,the moulds are dismantled f
41、rom around the test pieces and identifying marks are applied to individual specimens.5.2 Accelerated ageing Groups of ten specimens,manufactured as in 5.1,are subjected to an accelerated ageing by controlled immersion in hot water.For the purpose of this document,the ageing regime is:immersion in de
42、ionised water maintained at 80 C(1 C)for 96 h(1 h).NOTE For a full assessment of a new alkali resistant glass fibre or modified cement mixture,it is useful in addition to adopt testing points of immediately after the 24 h setting period and then after 36 h,64 h and finally 96 h of hot water immersio
43、n.This will require a greater number of samples.After ageing,samples are immersed in water at(20 25)C for at least 15 min to cool prior to testing.They are then removed from the cooling water,placed carefully on a tray lined with paper tissue to absorb excess water and covered with a damp cloth unti
44、l testing.5.3 Mechanical testing The tensile test machine,equipped with suitable grips having rubber faces,should be configured with a load cell of 200 Newton full-scale deflection capacity and be set at a crosshead speed of 1 mm per min.For testing,the resin coated ends of the strand are gripped in
45、 the jaws of the tensile test machine according to ISO 3341 and the specimens loaded to failure.The maximum load for each sample in Newtons is noted against its reference number on a suitable record sheet(Annex B).The strand should fail within the cement block.Any sample result where failure is outs
46、ide the cement block should be ignored.If there are more than two failures outside the cement block in any group of ten samples,then the cause of such failure should be determined and remedied,and a repeat evaluation carried out.EN 14649:2005(E)11 6 Calculation of results The breaking stress(,in MPa
47、)(Formula 1)of each individual SIC specimen is calculated from the observed failure load(F,in Newtons)and the weight(M,in grams)of the adjacent 1 m length of strand,corrected for size content,by the formula:=MF)(Stress Breaking(1)Where is the density of glass fibre in g/cm3(measured in accordance wi
48、th ISO 1888 and EN ISO 1889).The Strand-in-Cement Strength for any one evaluation is the mean of the 10 individual SIC specimen strengths for the group of 10 specimens used.The Standard Deviation(s)(Formula 2)and Coefficient of Variation(CV)(Formula 3)are calculated by the following formulas:2n1ii)x
49、x(1n1s=,standard deviation(2)100=xs CV(%)(3)=niin11value mean arithmetic,(4)In the case of assessment of a new type of glass fibre,or new cement system,tests shall be made immediately after the 24 h setting period and then after 36 h,64 h and finally 96 h of hot water immersion and to plot the chang
50、e in measured SIC value with time.The form of the graph will indicate if the SIC value has approached an equilibrium level after 96 h or is reducing in a linear manner.NOTE Experience has shown that the coefficient of variation(CV)of the results from 10 individual specimens lies in the range(714)%.I