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1、陵川县高级实验中学高二年级开学考试英语试卷注意事项:本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。As humanity has got richer, animals roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal
2、 combustion engine （内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation （卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.The trend is not a new one. Archae
3、ologists （考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the w
4、orld which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters, ta
5、bles. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pets individual tastes.In the business this is
6、 called pet humanisation - the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to in America Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels
7、.People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible puppy - dog eyes“ precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. Th
8、e species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental （多愁善感的） Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cafs mommy or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing4 Take exercise regularly.20 It can strengthen your heart and e
9、nsure the efficient flow of blood throughout the body. Besides, it can also improve you immune system, to some degree making it helpful to get away from the viruses and illnesses. Come on! Move your body, and you will become stronger and stronger.All in all, if you have symptoms of fever and respira
10、tory infection, you must seek immediate medical attention.A. A mask is also needed to prevent you from spreading germs to others.B. Taking exercise regularly is one of the most important ways to stay away from the virus.C. Here are some suggestions you can follow in your daily life.D. If you want to
11、 take exercise, you should get up early.E. Animals are very dangerous.F. Viruses can spread from human contact with animals.G. Cover nose and mouth while coughing and sneezing.【答案】16.C17. F 18.G19. A 20. B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些避免感染新冠肺炎病毒的方法。【16题详解】根据上文“What should you do to keep yourself from this
12、 virus?（你应该怎么做才能避免感染这种病毒？）”可 知，本文告诉我们如何才能避免感染病毒，根据下文段落小标题“Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand nib.（用肥皂和水或含酒精的洗手液清洁双手。）”可知，下文介绍的是具体的防护方 法，由此可知，空格处应用能够引起下文的句子，C项意为“这里有一些建议，你可以在日常生活中遵 循。”选项内容能够引出下文的具体办法。故选C。【17题详解】不艮据上文 “If you are not careful enough to contact with animals or deal wi
13、th animal wastes, youd better wash your hands with alcohol-based rub.（如果你不小心接触了动物或处理了动物粪便，你最好用含酒精的洗手液 洗手。）”可知，如果我们不小心接触了动物，最好用含酒精的洗手液洗手，F项意为“病毒可以通过人类 与动物接触传播。”选项内容能够承接上文，我们接触动物后要洗手，因为病毒可以通过人类与动物接触 传播。故选F。【18题详解】根据下文 u Therefore, when you cough or sneeze, you should cover your mouth and nose with a t
14、issue, or you cancough or sneeze into your sleeve, but avoid covering with your hand directly.（因止匕 当你咳嗽或打喷嚏时，你 应该用纸巾捂住口鼻，或者你可以向袖子里咳嗽或打喷嚏，但不要直接用手捂住。）”可知，为了防止病毒 传播，我们咳嗽或打喷嚏时，应该用纸巾捂住口鼻，或者向袖子里咳嗽或打喷嚏，G项意为“咳嗽和打喷 嚏时捂住鼻子和嘴。”选项内容能够概括段落主旨，告诉我们为了防止病毒传播，咳嗽和打喷嚏时要怎么 做。故选G。【19题详解】才艮据上文 u Wearing a mask is one of t
15、he most effective ways to protect you from getting infected.（戴 口罩是防止 感染的最有效的方法之一。）”可知，本段内容向我们介绍了戴口罩的重要性，A项意为“还需要一个口罩 来防止细菌传播给他人。”选项内容符合段落主旨，且与下文“ if you are not feeling well or have symptoms of fever （如果你感觉不舒服或有发烧的症状）”构成条件关系，如果你感觉不舒服或有发烧的症状，需要一 个口罩来防止细菌传播给他人。故选A。【20题详解】根据段落主旨句“Take exercise regularl
16、y.（经常锻炼。）”可知，为了防止病毒传播，我们应该经常锻炼，B 项意为“定期锻炼是远离病毒最重要的方法之一。”选项内容符合段落主旨，且下文“It can strengthen your heart and ensure the efficient flow of blood throughout the body.（它可以增强你的心脏，确保血液在全身 的有效流动。）”解释了为什么定期锻炼是远离病毒最重要的方法之一。故选B。第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的
17、最 佳选项。My three-year-old son Nathan, was digging the sand to build a castle. Although I warned him itd be 21 he insisted on building it in the path of every single wave that would 22 on the shore.I sighed, figuring the only way to make him23 was to do as he liked and let him see what wouldhappen. I o
18、nly hoped he wouldnt be too 24when that first wave destroyed his 25But when the water came and washed away his castle, he jumped up and down and clapped his hands. “Thats great! Lets do it again!” I didnt know how he could26seeing his fruit of labor ruined.“Is it really fun when the waves wash away
19、the 27?”“Yes, he said.Looking at him, I thought about my 28 at home. Nothing I did there ever seemed to 29I prepared dinners, which ten minutes after i placed them on the table were completely consumed. I mopped floors only to see someone 30 them on their first trip in from the back yard. My life wa
20、s just one neverending to-do list.Just like the sand castles Nathan built, all my 31 were washed away by a giant wave called FamilyLife. Nothing I did lasted beyond the moment.Because of this, I often struggled feeling 32. I wondered if the things I did counted. And ifnothing I did mattered, that me
21、ant that I didnt matter.But as I watched my child 33 in the sand happily, I realized that Im buildingsomething 34. Something that will last forever.Fin 35 a family.21. A. Taken apartB. washed awayC. cleared upD. dug outA. crashB. danceC. floatD. appear22. A. understandB. regretC. refuseD. struggleA.
22、 angryB. frightenedC. surprisedD. upset23. A. futureB. creationC. worldD. giftA. imagineB. standC. avoidD. gift24. A. toolsB. clothesC. shoesD. castlesA. petB. itemC. lifeD. plan25. A. lastB. happenC. helpD. existA. emptyB. dirtyC. narrowD. dry26. A. tearsB. worriesC. feelingsD. effortsA. confusedB.
23、 fancyC. competitiveD. unfair27. A. lyingB. diggingC. rollingD. sleepingA. actualB. slightC. importantD. formal28. A. protectingB. designingC. buildingD. creating【答案】2LB22. A 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31.D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者的儿子在沙滩建城堡被海浪冲走的故事，作者联想到了自己为
24、家 庭所付出的一切，意识到自己做的事情很重要，因为他在建造一个家庭。21题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管我警告过他，它会被冲走，但他坚持要在每一个可能撞击海岸的海浪经过的地方建造它。A. taken apart拆开;B. washed away冲走,洗掉；C.cleared up清除；D. dug out挖出。根 据第 1 空前的 “My three-year-old son. Nathan, was digging the sand to build a castle.” 和 u Although I warned him”可知，用沙子建造的城堡会被水冲走。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词
25、词义辨析。句意：尽管我警告过他，它会被冲走，但他坚持要在每一个可能撞击海岸的海浪经过 的地方建造它。A. crash碰撞，坠毁;B.dance跳舞;C.float漂浮;D.appear出现。此处指海浪会“碰 撞”海岸。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我叹了 口气，心想让他明白的唯一办法就是按他喜欢的去做，让他看看会发生 什么。A. understand明白，理解;B. regret后悔；C.refuse拒绝；D. struggle挣扎，努力，奋斗。根据第3 空后的 “to do as he liked and let him see what would happen.” 可知，
26、作者想让儿子“明白”。故选 A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只希望第一波浪潮毁掉他的作品时，他不会太沮丧。A. angry生气的；B. frightened感到害怕的；C. surprised感到吃惊的；D. upset心烦的。根据第4空后的“when that first wave destroyed”可知，儿子的作品毁掉会沮丧。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只希望第一波浪潮毁掉他的作品时，他不会太沮丧A. future未来；B.creation 仓U造；C. world 世界；D. gift 礼物。根据上文“My three-year-old son. Na
27、than, was digging the sand to build a castle.”可知,海浪毁掉儿子的创造,即城堡。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道他怎么能忍受自己的劳动成果被毁。A. imagine想象；B. stand忍受， 站起来；C.avoid避免；D.gift白给，白送。根据第6空后的“seeing his fruit of labor ruined.”可知，儿子 能忍受自己的创造被毁掉，作者感到很好奇。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:海浪冲走城堡真的很好玩吗？ A. tools工具;B. clothes衣服；C.shoes鞋;D. ca
28、stles 城堡。根据上文 uNathan, was digging the sand to build a castle.可知,此处是信息词 castles 的词汇 复现。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看着他，我想起了我在家里的生活。A. pet宠物；B. item项目；C life生活；D. plan 计划。根据下文 “were washed away by a giant wave called Family Life.” 可知，作者想起家庭“生 活”。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在那里所做的一切似乎都不会长久。A. last持续；B. happen发
29、生；C.help帮 助；D. exist存在。根据下文u Nothing I did lasted beyond the moment.可知，作者所做的事情“持续”时 间短。故选A。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我拖地板，却看到有人把地板弄脏了，那是他们第一次从后院进来。A.empty 空的；B. dirty 脏的；C. narrow 狭窄的；D. dry 干燥的。根据 “I mopped floors only to see someone”和“them on their first trip in from the back yard.”可知，此处指把拖过的地板弄脏。故选B。【3
30、1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像内森建造的沙堡一样，我所有的努力都被一个叫做家庭生活的巨浪冲走 T o A. tears 眼泪；B. worries 担心；C. feelings 情感；D. efforts 努力。根据 were washed away by a giant wave called Family Life.”可知，作者付出的努力被冲走了。故选D。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，我常常挣扎着感到困惑。A. confused困惑的；B.fancy想象 的；C. competitive 竞争的；D. unfair 不公平的。根据 washed away by
31、 a giant wave called Family Life.Nothing T did lasted beyond the moment.v 可知，作者感到“困惑”。故选 A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我看着孩子快乐地在沙中挖掘时，我意识到我正在建造一件重要的东西， 一件将永存的东西。A. lying躺着;B. digging挖；C.rolling滚动;D.sleeping睡觉。根据上文aMy three- year-old son Nathan, was digging the sand to build a castle.可知，此处指孩子在沙中“挖掘”。故选 B。【3
32、4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我看着孩子快乐地在沙中挖掘时，我意识到我正在建造一件重要的东 西。一件将永存的东西。A. actual真实的；B. slight轻微的；C.important重要的；D.formal正式的。根据usomething that will last forever.n可知，作者意识到自己做的事情是“重要的”。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在建立一个家庭。A. protecting保护;B.designing设计;C.building建立；D. creating创造。根据前文build a castle可知，作者的儿子在建造沙堡，作者在建造一
33、个“家庭”。故选 Co第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器)-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 36 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basi
34、n. Landing on the moons far side is 37 (extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 38 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular
35、 39 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 40 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 41 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, n Carle Pieters, a scientist at Br
36、own University, says, because it 42 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon43 (construct) “ Data about the moons composition, such as how 44 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 45 (it) plans for a future lunar (月 球的)base are practical.【答案】3
37、6. touchedextremely37. where39. interest40. than 41. to find42. means43. is constructed44. much 45. its【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月 球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。【36题详解】,考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号一一名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神一一上周在南极艾 特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其
38、有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme的副 词形式，故填extremelyo【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向 航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在 从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词， interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“（某物）使某人感兴趣”。故填inte
39、rest。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级mores。可知，此处填介词 than,表示“比更。故填than。41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表 示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填t。find。【42题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因 为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。根据上文This really excites scientists可知，此处 也使用一般现在时，主语是心 所以空处谓
40、语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。【43题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语 the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单 数，故填 is constructedo【44题详解】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球 基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。45题详解】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,
41、故填its。第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题L5分，满分15分）46.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错 误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：L每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2,只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I love doing housework. I always assist my parents i
42、n doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what
43、 they are like and it improves the family relationship. Whafs most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. Thats our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!【答案】1. dish一dishestidying一tidy2. whateverwheneverdoing 前力口上 from3. wasis删除are4. most
44、一morementallymental5. ourmyhopes一hope【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者喜欢做家务，并叙述自己对做家务的看法。【详解】1 .考查名词复数。句意：饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。固定短语do the dishes “洗餐具”。故将 dish 改为 dishes o.考查动词时态。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。tidy与water并列作句子谓 语，根据water可知，句子使用一般现在时，主语是I,谓语动词应用原形形式。故将tidying改为tidy。2 .考查让步状语从句。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。此处表
45、示在有必要的时 候打扫自己的卧室，应用whenever,表示“无论何时”，引导让步状语从句。故将whatever改为 whenever o.考查介词。句意：在我看来，学生可以从做家务中受益很多。固定短语benefit from ”从中获益”， 所以doing前应加介词from。故在doing前加from。3 .考查动词时态。句意：首先，做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。根据上下文时态可知，句子描述 现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，主语doing housework是动名词短语，be动词应用is。故将was改为 iso.考查动词。句意：同时、这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善
46、家庭关系。根据 gives和improves可知，句子使用一般现在时，like是动词，表示“喜欢”，与主语they之间是主动关系， 且they是复数，动词应用原形形式。故删除are。4 .考查固定搭配。句意：止匕外，做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。固定搭配whats more “此外”。故将most改为more。5 .考查形容词。句意:此外，做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。修饰名词relaxation,应用 形容词mental,作定语。故将mentally改为mentalo.考查代词。句意：这是我对家务的看法。结合语境，此处表示“我对家务的看法”，应用形容词性物主 代词
47、my。故将our改为my。6 .考查祈使句。句意：并且希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考！分析句子结构可知，本句为省略主 语you的祈使句，应用动词原形，置于句首。故将hopes改为hope。第二节：书面表达（满分25分）47.你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：1 .分析优势与不足；.提出学习建议。注意：1 .词数100左右；.题目和首句已为你写好。【答案 J one possible version:Be smart online learnersNetwork learning has increasingly b
48、ecome an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems. But being smart online learners has its advantages and disadvantages.First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizon. Besides, we can take the
49、initiative in our study by ourselves without time and space limit.Of course, these disadvantages are as follows. Faced with all kinds of information on the internet, we cant tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life. On the other hand, online learni