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1、Unit 1 Fresh StartText A Toward a Bright Future for AllBefore readingBefore reading Text A, you may need to know the following things to help you with a better understanding.American higher educationIn the United States, students can choose to go to college after high school. (They can also choose t
2、o go straight to the workforce after high school.) They have the option of attending a two-year community college before applying to a four-year university. Admission to community college is easier, tuition is lower, and class sizes are often smaller than at a university. Community college students
3、can earn an associate degree and transfer up to two years of course credits to a university.College and university students need to pay tuition, but many earn scholarships or receive loans. Although admissions policies vary from one university to another, most determine admission based on several cr
4、iteria, including a students high school course of study, high school Grade Point Average (GPA), participation in extracurricular activities, SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) or ACT (American College Testing) exam scores, a written essay, and possibly a personal interview with a 警察带来许多麻烦.vt.put forw
5、ard for discussion 提出When I finally posed the question, Why he merely shrugged. 当我最后问为什么时，他只是耸了耸肩。The continuing increase in population numbers poses some awkward questions for the government.人口数字的不断增长给 政府提出了一些棘手的问题。Para.3. Let me share with you something that you may not expect. You will miss your
6、old routines and your parents reminders to work hard and attain your best. You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! But know this: The future is built on a strong foundation o
7、f the past.让我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前 的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们 可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于 不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过去 扎实的基础上的。4. You will miss your old routines and your parents remindersto work hard and attain your best (Para. 3)Meaning: You will miss your usual life patterns and your
8、 parents reminding words that you should work hard and achieve the best you can.routinen.C, U your usual way of doing things, esp. when you do them in a fixed order at the same time 例行公事;常规；惯例Arriving at the office at 8 a.m. and staying there until 5 p.m. has become my routine.早上8点到办公室一直呆到下午5点，这已经成了
9、我的惯例。They did it as a matter of routine.他们那样做只是例行公事。You just need to break out of that boring routine.你只需改变一成不变的无聊生活。a.happening as a normal part of a job or process 常规的；例行的; 惯常的The operator has to be able to carry out routine maintenance of the machine.操作员必须能对机器进行日常维护。这个问题是在一次例行检查中发现的。翻译 The proble
10、m was discovered during a routine check.reminder n. Csth. that makes you notice, remember, or think about sth.起提醒作用的东西The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn t quite finished.寒冷的天气提醒人们冬天还没有过去。attainvt.(fml.) succeed in achieving sth. after trying for a long time 得 到；获得；赢得Not all athletes atta
11、in this standard of physical fitness.并非所有的运动员都能达到这种身体素水平。India attained independence in 1947.Theyre sure to attain emancipation in the end.他们最后一定能获得解放。The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it翻译：人生重要的事情就是确定一个伟大的目标，并决心实现它。我们应该能够实现这个目标翻译:We should be able t
12、o attain that goal.CF: attain, achieve & accomplish这三个动词均有达到、完成之意。attain指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。achieve指由于功绩或努力而理所当然应该得到的成功。accomplish指完成规定的任务。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1) He the building of the bookcase. (accomplished)2)She finally h
13、er ends, (attained)3) Kacy the rank of deputy director. (attained)He will never his objectives if he does not work harder,(achieve)foundationnJC the most basic part of something from which the rest of it develops基础;根基;根据;Good order is the foundation of all things.All these have laid a solid politica
14、l foundation for consolidated national unity.所有这些为巩固国家统一奠定了坚实的政治基础。他通过学习和努力工作为成功打下了基础。翻译 He laid the foundation of his success by study and hard work.CF: base, basis foundation这几个名词都有基础，根基的意思。base指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比 喻意义。例如:The lamp stands on a circular base.（=落地灯由圆形底座支撑 ） Some of the militar
15、y bases on this island were built in the 19th century.（二这个岛上的一些军事基地建于19世纪。） basis主要用作抽象或引申意义。例如：Charity toward others is the basis of her philosophy.慈善待人是 她人生观的基点。foundation用于具体意义时，指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基； 用作比喻意义时，与basis基本相同。例如:The earthquake shook the foundations of the house.地震连屋 基都震动了。Those thoughts rock
16、ed her belief to its foundations.那些想法 从根本上动摇了她的信念。4) You may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with high school, and your parents may have cried tears of joy to be finally finished with doing your laundry! （Para. 3）Meaning: Perhaps you were so happy that you cried because at last you fi
17、nished high school, and perhaps your parents were so happy that they cried because eventually they wouldn t have to do your laundry any more!Note: Pay attention to the humor the president creates by contrasting the different responses from children and their parents - they all cried, but for differe
18、nt reasons!may have done sth.: used for talking about past possibilitiesShe might have changed her mind and decided not to come.她可能已经改变了主意，决定不来了。finished: (not before noun) no longer doing, dealing with, or using sth.结束了的Are you finished with my tools yet 我的工具你用完了吗？Collocation note:1 - do是最常见的表示做的动词
19、，说明某人进行某项行动、活 动或任务，常和事情或工作搭配。例如：Today I have a lot of work to do.我今天有好多工作要做。2 . do也常常和表示锻炼或劳动等方面的名词或动名词连用，表示 做与家务有关的事情。例如：do physical exercise/the dishes/onez s cooking 进行锻炼/洗碗/ 做饭But know this: The future is built on a strong foundation of the past. (Para. 3)Meaning: But you should know that your f
20、uture can only be attained when it is built on a solid past.Para.4. For you, these next four years will be a time unlike anyother. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students from all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilitie
21、s and student organizations covering every possible interest 一 from the arts to sciencef to community service and so on. You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects. You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions. I want to encou
22、rage you to make the most of this unique experience, andtouseyourenergyand enthusiasm to reap the benefits of this opportunity.对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你 们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充 满爰心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同 兴趣的学生社团从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。你 们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结 交充满魅力的人，学着去追求新的爰好。我想鼓励
23、你们充分利用这 一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获这一机会所带来的丰硕 成果。6. For you, these next four years will be a time unlike any other. (Para. 4)Meaning: For you, the next four years in university will bedifferent from any other period of time in your life.7. Here you are surrounded by great resources: interesting students fr
24、om all over the country, a learned and caring faculty, a comprehensive library, great sports facilities, and student organizations covering every possible interest from the arts to science, to community service and so on. (Para. 4)Meaning beyond words: Here the president is introducing to students t
25、he many resources available on campus: interesting schoolmates, knowledgeable and helpful teachers, a big library, great sports equipment, various student organizations, etc. All these will help make students campus life colorful and fulfilling.resourcen.1 C sth. you can use to help you to achieve s
26、th., esp. in your work or study 资源Museums are important resources for teaching history.博物馆 为历史教学提供重要资料来源。irreplaceable natural resources不 可替代的自然资源我们必须保护自然资源。翻译 We must preserve our natural resources.Today we are overpopulated, straining the earths resources.现在我们人口过多，致使地球资源使用过度。2 C, usu. pl. things s
27、uch as coal, trees, and oil that exist in nature and can be used by people自然资源shared resource 共有资源human resource department 人力资源部A countrys principal resource is its brainpower.个国家的首要 资源是其人才资源。Theres a great shortage of resource materials in many schools. 很多学校物资都十分短缺Many of these countries are rich
28、in natural resources such as iron and coal.这些国家中有许多国家都拥有丰富的诸如铁和煤炭这样的自然资源O learned: a. (fml.) learned people have a lot of knowledge because they have read and studied a lot 有学问的；博学的My advisor is a very learned person and she could answer any question I asked.我的导师是一位非常博学的人，她能回答我提出的任何问题。caring: a. thi
29、nking about what other people need or want and trying to help them 关心他人的；乐于助人的The school provides a caring environment for students.学校为 学生提供了充满关怀的环境。faculty n.1 U （AmE） all the teachers in a university, college, or school 全 体教员Both the faculty and students opposed the proposal to turn one of the pla
30、ygrounds into a parking lot 老师和学生都反对把其中一个运动场改为停车场的提议。全体教师和学生都反对这种方法。Both faculty and students oppose the measures.How can faculty improve their teaching so as to encourage creativity教师们如何才能改进教学以激发创造性呢？2）2 Ca faculty is a group of related departments in some universities, or the people who work in th
31、em （大学的）院系;（大学 院系的）教职工the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences 社会政治系3 C, usu. pl. a natural physical or mental ability that most people have天赋;能力;本领She had her mental faculties even in her 90s.她九十多岁了，但仍然思维清晰。她有轻而易举学会语言的才能。翻译 She has the faculty to learn languages easily.representative from the a
32、dmissions office.Most students in the United States take the SAT Reasoning Test or the ACT during their final year of high school. Each university sets a minimum SAT or ACT score that a student must achieve in order to gain admission. These are standardized quantitative examinations. The SAT tests c
33、ritical reading, mathematics, and writing skills. The ACT tests English, mathematics, reading, science reasoning, and includes an optional writing test.Extracurricular activities may include scholastic clubs, athletic teams, student government, and philanthropic clubs. Voluntary participation in the
34、se kinds of activities is an indication that a student has learned valuable life lessons, such as teamwork, leadership, or civic responsibility.University students pursuing a bachelors degree are called “undergraduates”； students pursuing a masters or doctoral degree are called “graduate students. M
35、ost universities give undergraduate students a liberal education, which means students are required to take courses across several disciplines before they specialize in a major field of study. Graduate and professional programs, such as medicine or law, are specialized. All degree programs require s
36、tudents to complete a minimum number of credit hours before prehensivea.including many details or aspects of sth.综合的;多方面的This booklet offers a comprehensive guide to our goods and services.这本小册子对我们的产品和服务提供了综合指南。facility n.(ies) pl. rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular pur
37、pose(为某种目的而提供的)设施设备The hotel has an indoor swimming pool and other leisure facilities.这家宾馆有室内游泳池和其他休闲设施。There are few recreational facilities in our school.This facility is open to both new and existing borrowers.这套设备向新老借用者开放。2)UC ability to learn or do things easily能力，技能技巧 他很有学习语言的才能。翻译He has great
38、 facility in learning languages.He showed great facility in performing task.他工作很熟练。X vt. facilitate促进;帮助；使.容易communityn. Cthe people who live in the same area, town, etc.(同住一地的人 所构成的)社区The Chinese community is knit together by common interests. 共同的利益使华人社区团结起来。Everyone should invest some time in comm
39、unity service.The new arts center will serve the whole community.这个新的 艺术中心将为整个社区服务。1 a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc.群体;团体He refuses to join any community.他不参加任何团体。The police havent really done anything for the black community in particular.警方并未真正特意为黑人群体做什么。The con
40、ference will make further efforts to gain the support of different ethnic communities.会议将进一步努力，以取得不同少数民族团体的支持。9 . You will have the freedom to explore and learn about new subjects. (Para. 4)Meaning: You will have the freedom to examine and learn about new subjects.explore vt.examine or discuss a sub
41、ject, idea, etc. thoroughly 探讨，研究 （主题、思想等）The film explores the relationship between artist and instrument.这部电影探究了艺术家和乐器之间的关系。我想认真探寻、了解内心的自我。I want to explore and get in touch with my inner self.让我们探索改善的可能性 翻译:Let us explore the possibilities for improvement.We are exploring the possibility of takin
42、g legal action against the company.我们正在探讨对这家公司采取法律行动的可能性。V.travel around an area in order to learn about it or to search for sth. valuable such as oil 勘探；探测；考察A group of experts have set out to explore for minerals in this area.一组专家已经出发前往该地区勘探矿物。I just wanted to explore Paris, read Sartre, and liste
43、n to Sidney Bechet.我就想逛逛巴黎，读读萨特的作品，听听悉尼贝谢的音乐。10 . You will learn to get by on very little sleep, meet fascinating people, and pursue new passions. (Para. 4)Meaning: You will learn to manage with very little sleep, meet very interesting people, and find new interests.get byhave just enough of sth. su
44、ch as money or knowledge so that you can do what you need to do 过活；过得去；勉强应付I couldn t possibly get by on $300 a month with everything so expensive.翻译：什么都很贵，一个月300美元我恐怕无法生活。It is impossible to get by a foreign language exam by cramming at the last minute.想要临时抱佛脚来混过外语考试是不可能的。on: prep.1) eating or drin
45、king a particular type of food or drink in order to stay alive靠生存Using a cave as shelter, the man survived on wild berries and raw fish.这个人以山洞为住所，靠吃野果和生鱼活了下来。2) using a particular type of fuel or electrical power in order to operate靠运行Why can t we make a carthat runs on water 我们为什么不能制 造出靠水力行驶的汽车呢？fa
46、scinatinga.making you very interested or attracted 吸引人的;迷人的 吏人 神魂颠倒的The changing vivid colors of the sunset are really fascinating.日落时变化多端的色彩确实使人心醉神迷。The gloss and glitter of Hollywood seemed fascinating to the girl.好莱坞的虚荣与繁华似乎强烈吸引着这个女孩。你的这些主意对我来说很有吸引力 翻译Your ideas are fascinating to me.He is such a
47、 great writer that his stories are always fascinating. 他是个了不起的作家，他写的故事总是引人入胜。pursuevt.1 try to achieve sth.追求;致力于He wanted to pursue a bachelor7 s degree after working for two years.他想工作两年以后再去读学士学位。每个人都有追求各自梦想的自由。翻译Everyone has the freedom to pursue their dreams.Students should pursue their own inte
48、rests, as well as do their school work.All our dreams can come true, if we have the courage to pursue them.我们所有的梦想都可以成真，只要我们有勇气去追求它们。She decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。We will pursue the subject of discussion tomorrow.我们明天继续讨论这个题目。2 chase sb. or sth. in order to catch them 追赶;追逐The police are pursuing an escaped prisoner.警察在追捕一名逃 犯。The hounds pursued the fox.猎犬们追赶那只狐狸。We have decided not to pursue the matter any further.我彳门决定 不再追查那件事了。T