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1、1995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets wi
2、th a pencil. (5 points)Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed A had producedB have been producedC would have producedD had been producedThere ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than in thepublic mind today.A existsB
3、 existC existingD existedThe professor can hardly find sufficient grounds his argument in favor of the newtheory.A A which to base onB on which to baseC to base on whichD which to be based oncan help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.A EverybodyB AnybodyC S
4、omebodyD NobodyHow many of us, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?A Securing greater fame.B Providing more jobs.C Enhancing living standards.D Reducing newspaper cost.53. The au
5、thor deems that the well-known TV personality is.A very precise in passing his judgment on advertisingB interested in nothing but the buyers attentionC correct in telling the difference between persuasion and informationD obviously partial in his views on advertisingIn the authors opinion,.A adverti
6、sing can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing informationB advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them overfC there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyerD the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisementText 2There are two ba
7、sic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language all t
8、hese are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but ra
9、ther the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.In order to grow, to travel
10、 new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend
11、 to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think were shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think were slow to adapt to change or that were not smart enou
12、gh to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves t
13、oo much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.54. A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when.A A he has given up his smoking habitB he has made great efforts in his workC he is keen on leaning anything newD he has tried to determine where he i
14、s on his journeyIn the authors eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would.A succeed in climbing up the social ladderB judge his ability to grow from his own achievementsC face difficulties and take up challengesD aim high and reach his goal each timeWhen the author says “a new way of bei
15、ng” (Line 23, Para. 3) he is referring to.A a new approach to experiencing the worldB a new way of taking risksfC a new method of perceiving ourselvesD a new system of adaptation to changeFor personal growth, the author advocates all of the following EXCEPT.A curiosity about more chancesB promptness
16、 in self-adaptationC open-mindedness to new experiencesD avoidance of internal fears and doubtsText 3In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of lifes problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are b
17、eyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War IL As families move away from their stab
18、le community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest a
19、spects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generati
20、on, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming.Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more informati
21、on with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via telev
22、ision, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled withou
23、t the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.In this world of change and complexity, the need for inf
24、ormation is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. Knowledge is power“ may well be the truest saying and access to information
25、 may be the most critical requirement of all people.55. The word it (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably refers to.A the lack of stable communitiesB the breakdown of informal information channelsC the increased mobility of familiesD the growing number of people moving from place to placeThe main problem
26、people may encounter today arises from the fact that.A they have to learn new things consciouslyB they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information|C they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readilyD they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extende
27、d familyFrom the passage we can infer that.A electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messagesB it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information eraC people will spend less time holding meetings or conferencesD events will be reported on the spot mainl
28、y through satellitesWe can learn from the last paragraph that.A it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possibleB people should make the best use of the information accessibleCl we should realize the importance of accumulating informationDj it is of vital importance to acquire needed informat
29、ion efficientlyText 4Personality is to a large extent inherent - A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.One place
30、 where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmat
31、es or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: Rejoice, we conquer!”B
32、y far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure
33、 is positively harmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the preoccupation of schools with ac
34、ademic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our docto
35、rs exclusively from A-type stock. Bs are important and should be encouraged.56. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually.A impatientB considerateC aggressiveD agreeableThe author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because.A the pressure is too great on the
36、 studentsB some students are bound to failCJ failure rates are too highD the results of exanimations are doubtfulThe selection of medical professionals is currently based on.A candidates sensitivity|B academic achievementsC competitive spiritD surer valuesFrom the passage we can draw the conclusion
37、that.A the personality of a child is well established at birthB family influence dominates the shaping of ones characteristicsC the development of ones personality is due to multiple factorsD B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive societyText 5That experiences influence subsequent b
38、ehaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to readi
39、ng and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering ma
40、ny earlier experiences.Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be see
41、n to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when ones memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpreta
42、tion might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orien
43、tation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary
44、 standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forge
45、tting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memor
46、y that assume an input-output balance.57. From the evolutionary point of view,.A forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptiveBJ if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptiveC the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individuaPs adaptabil
47、ityD sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequencesAccording to the passage, if a person never forgot,.A A he would survive bestB he would have a lot of troubleC his ability to learn would be enhancedD the evolution of memory would stopFrom the last paragraph we know that.A forgetfulness is
48、 a response to learningB the memory storage system is an exactly balanced input-output systemC memory is a compensation for forgettingD the capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting occursIn this article, the author tries to interpret the function of.A rememberingB forgettingC adaptingD experiencingSection IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlin