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1、The Telecommunications Revolution宋航 机电一班 20087658TIMESEVENTS1752Lightning RodBenjamin Franklins electricity experiments lead him to a valuable application the lightning rod, which when placed at the apex of a barn, church steeple, or other structure, conducts lightning bolts harmlessly into the grou
2、nd1776SubmarineDavid BushnelTs Turtle submerges by taking water into its tanks and reverses the process to rise. It moves by means of a hand crank propeller. The Turtle is used in an attack on Lord Howes Flagship Eagle,* but attempts to attach a mine to the Eagles hull fail.1797Interchangeable Parts
3、Eli Whitney contracts to manufacture 1 (),()()() muskets for the U.S. Army. At the time, an entire musket would be made by a single person, without standardized measurements. Whitney divided the labor into several discrete steps and standardized parts to make them interchangeable.1805Amphibious Vehi
4、cleOliver Evans Orukter Amphibolos dredges the waters near the Philadelphia docks. Its steam-powered engine drove either wooden wheels or a paddle wheel. Evans demonstrated his machine in Philadelphias Center Square, where he passed the hat fbr money.1807SteamboatRobert Fulton, former miniaturist an
5、d landscape painter, opens American rivers to two-way travel. His steamboat the Clermont travels 150 miles upstream between New York and Albany at an average speed of 5 mph.1814PloughFarmers had furrowed the rocky soil of New England with wooden-tipped ploughs. John Jethro Woods of Poplar Ridge, New
6、 York, creates a plough with a replaceable cast-iron tip, making farming in America easier.1817Erie CanalOverland travel in the 1800s is slow and arduous. Engineers propose a plan to supplement natural water systems by digging a 363 mile canal to connect the Hudson River with Lake Erie. The Seneca C
7、hief will make the inaugural run through the Erie Canal in 1825.1830Electro-magnetic MotorJoseph Henry, Professor of Mathematics and Natural Science at the Albany Academy, builds a motor employing the electromagnet, invented by William Sturgeon in London just five years earlier. Henrys motor has no
8、practical use.1836RevolverTo finance the development of his “six shooter, Samuel Colt traveled the lecture circuit, giving demonstrations of laughing gas. Colts new weapon failed to catch on, and he went bankrupt in 1842 at age 28. He reorganized and sold his first major order to the War Department
9、during the Mexican War in 1846, and went on to become rich.1842Ether AnesthesiaCrawford Williamson Long, of Jefferson, Georgia, performs the first operation using an ether-based anesthesia, when he removes a tumor from the neck of Mr. James Venable. Long will not reveal his discovery until 1849.1846
10、Cylinder Printing PressRichard M. Hoc creates a revolution in printing by rolling a cylinder over stationary plates of inked type and using the cylinder to make an impression on paper. This eliminated the need for making impressions directly from the type plates themselves, which were heavy and diff
11、icult to maneuver.1857Passenger ElevatorElisha Graves Otis dramatically demonstrates his passenger elevator at the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York by cutting the elevators cables as it ascends a 300 foot tower. Otis, unique safety braking system prevents the elevator from falling; his business
12、 prospects rise.1862Battle of the IroncladsFor the first time, two armored ships battle each other at sea. The Union Monitor, designed from scratch by John Ericsson, features a two-cannon revolving turret and eight-inch plate armor. The Confederate Merrimac, a wooden hulled ship hastily outfitted wi
13、th iron plates, holds it own against the Monitor. The two battle to a draw.1880Hearing AidR.G. Rhodes improves on the ear trumpet with another primitive hearing aid. The device is a thin sheet of hard rubber or cardboard placed against teeth which conducts vibrations to the auditory nerve.1937Chair LiftSkiers no longer have to climb hills to enjoy their sport. Engineers from the Union Pacific Railroad build a chair lift for the Dollar Mountain resort in Sun Valley, Idaho. Dollar Mountain follows with an order fbr six more.