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1、北师大2019版选择性必修一 unit 2词汇精讲persistent adj.执着的,坚持的；持续的I had a persistent cough for over a month.我持续咳嗽已经一个多月 了。【辨析】continual:强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断。adj.不间断的，不停的Continual dropping wears away the stone. ，商水穿石。continuous:语意最强，强调在时间和空间上没有间断。adj,连续的，没有中断的We must be continuous to study.我们必须不断学习。successive:强调事物一
2、个接一个地发生，无间断。adj.连续的，相继的，继承的They have not been helped by the educational policies of successive governments. 历届政府的教育政策并未使他们获益。constant:多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续。adj.始终如一的；不断的；忠实的The weather has been constant this week.这星期的天气很稳定。Constant rejections made him feel worthless.不断地遭到拒绝使他觉得一无是 处。persistent:普通用词，可指不懈的努力
3、，也可指任何连续不断或重复出现的事物。persist v.坚持,持续She persisted in her search for the truth.她执着的追求真理。If the symptoms persist, consult your doctor.如果病症持续不消除的话，就得去看医生。determined adj.坚定的，坚决的，下定决心的be determined by由所决定to be determined有待决定的They determined to hold on to the last.他们决定坚持到最后。v. determine决决定optimistic adj.乐观的
4、，乐观主义的She is not optimistic about the outcome. 她对结果并不乐观。pessimistic adj.悲观的，消极的There is no reason to be pessimistic about the future. 没有理由对未来悲观。disciplined adj.遵守纪律的self-disciplined:自我严格要求的；自我要求的；自律的；严格自律的For me it meant being very disciplined about how I run my life.对我而言，它意味着要以非常有纪律的方式生活。discipline
5、 n.纪律；训练；学科/ vt.训练；惩罚retire from 从退休And David Beckham is retiring from soccer. 大卫贝克汉姆即将退役。He took to gardening after he retired.adj. retired退休的，退役的Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。n. retirement退休，退役；退休生活，隐居retirement pay / benefit 退休金 pension 养老金You have thought about
6、 your life in retirement?你有想过退休以后的生活吗？leadership n.领导，领导地位，领导才能under the leadership of 在的领导之下He undertook the leadership of the team.Britain has lost her leadership in the shipbuilding industry.devotion n.奉献，忠诚，献身Her devotion to the job left her with very little free time.The core values are credibi
7、lity, team work, diligence and devotion.我们公司的核心价值观是老实守信、团结协作、勤奋努力和乐于奉献。v. devote奉献，投入devote to把.奉献给I wanted to devote more time to my family.It cant be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem.【辨析】dedicate:正式用词，指献身于某一崇高事业或目的，也可指把著作题献给他人。vt.致力，献身She dedicated much of her life to h
8、elping children in need.devote:普通用词，指决心把全部身心、精力、时间等献给某一目标，某一个人或致力于某 一事业。advanced adj.先进的，高级的advanced technology 先进的技术advanced education 高等教育advanced English/mathematics 高级英语/高等数学We have both elementary and advanced training sessions.advance v.前进；开展；提出；/n.前进，进步；开展；改进in advance提前，预先make advances接近；预付；
9、取得进步Its cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.Weve, were making really big advances here this year.forwards adv.向前，今后put forward v.提出；拿出；放出；推举出look forward期待；盼望brought forward 提出I can only put this one forwards, it wont go back. 我只能往前调 没方法往后调。forward adj.向前的，迅速的/ adv.向前地He took two steps forwar
10、d.Artificial intelligence will make a huge leap forward.人工智能将产生巨大飞跃。collapse v.倒塌；瓦解；暴跌The roof of the old house collapsed.Their economy is teetering on the brink of collapse.他们的经济正摇摆于崩溃的边缘。reference n.提及，参考；查阅；推荐信I scanned through the reference materials.Avoid any reference to his illness.refer v.提
11、及，涉及；参考，查阅refer to:参考；涉及；查阅refer to as把称作Its unclear what exactly he was referring to.现在并不清楚他指的是哪件事。Its referred to as the lungs of the earth.faith n.信任，相信faith in对的信任；对有信仰；对有信心Weve lost faith in the governments promises.我们不再相信政府的承诺。【辨析】belief:普通用词，指单纯从主观上的相信，不着重这种相信是否有根据。faith:语气较强，强调完全相信；有时也能仅凭感觉产
12、生的相信。confidence:指对某人某事有充分信心，断定不会使人失望，因而给予信任。conviction:多指根据长期交往或实践，对某人某事有了认识和了解后产生的信心和相信, 侧重其坚定性。n.确信，坚定的信仰；定罪，判罪You have not the courage of your convictions.你没有勇气坦白成认你真正的思想。credit:语气最弱，着重以声誉为信任的基础。trust:强调相信、信任的完全可靠。adj. faithful忠实的，忠诚的The dog is a faithful friend of man.狗是人忠实的伙伴。discipline n.训练；惩罚
13、；纪律；学科strengthen discipline 力口强纪律He insists on discipline in the classroom.Mathematics and physics are re I ated disciplines.They are very stern in their discipline.【辨析】drill:侧重进行有系统的，严格和重复的练习。n./v.钻孔；训练They have been doing military drills together for years.他们多年来一直在一起进行军事演习。exercise:主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼，
14、也可指进行练习以保持已经获得的技巧。v.练习；运动；锻炼 take/do exercise做运动Exercise will improve your appetite for food.practice:指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。n.练习；实践common practice惯例，习惯做法 in practice实际上，事实上Practice is the sole criterion of truth.实践是检验真理的唯一标准。training:普通用词，泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。训练；培养professional training 职业训练 trai
15、ning camp 集训营In this profession, training and experience are of equal importance.在这个行业中，培训和经验有着相等的重要性。discipline:既可指训练又可指为到达某种熟练程度而进行的约束。v. discipline训练；处分；约束rejection n.嫌弃；拒绝接受These feelings of rejection and hurt remain.这些遭到拒绝和伤害的感觉仍然存在。v. reject拒绝；抵抗；丢弃It lies with you to accept or reject the prop
16、osals.接受或是拒绝这些建议由你决定bitter adj.痛苦的；刺骨的；辛酸的bitter taste 苦味bitter cold 严寒The leaves taste rather bitter.这些叶子尝起来相当苦。adv. bitterly痛苦地；悲愤地；苦涩地Some of them bitterly attacked their former friends.他们中有些人恶毒地攻击他们过去的朋友。promotion n.提升，晋升；推销sales promotion 促销The announcement of his promotion took us all by surpr
17、ise.宣布他的提升让我们都很感意外。label vt.标注；贴标签；n.商标；标签brand label品牌标签He attached labels to all his bags.他在所有的袋子上都系上标签。His enemies labeled the boy a thief.他的敌人把这个小孩叫做小偷。All goods should be labeled with a price.所有货物都应该标明价格。entrance n.进入许可；入口；v.使着迷college entrance examination 高考； 大学入学考试entrance ticket门票，入场券The ent
18、rance to the lab is straight ahead.Readers were entranced by this vision.income n.收入，收益income tax所得税low income低收入gross income 总U攵入So you have plenty of disposable income.He deceived his friends about his income.实验室入口就在前方。此情此景让读者神往不已。所以你就有大把可支配收入。【“收入”】earnings:多指通过劳动或投资等手段所得到的收入。allowance:指收入中的补贴局部。
19、income:与earnings含义很相近，但前者强调总收入。salary:指按年定下，按月或星期平均给予的报酬，指脑力劳动者的薪水。wage:多用复数形式，指按小时、日或星期的报酬，通常指体力劳动者的工资。pay:是个通用词，可取代salary与wage.fee:指提供某种服务收取的固定费用。He insists on discipline in the classroom.他一贯强调课堂纪律。8mmitted adj.忠诚的，坚定的，尽心尽力的be committed to致力于；委身于；以为己任They are committed socialists.他们是坚定的社会主义者。They
20、are committed to building an open global economic.他们致力于建设开放型全球经济。commit v.犯罪；承诺；委托commit oneself承诺，容许负责commit suicide 自杀commit a crime才口罪；孑已下罪行He would not commit himself in any way.他不愿作任何承诺。n. commitment投入，忠诚，奉献，承诺enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的enthusiastic about热情；对热心She gave a clear presentation, and so
21、unded enthusiastic about the product.她的展示清晰明确，听起来对产品很有热情。be keen onambitious adj.有抱负的，雄心壮志的They are ambitious although they are poor.他们虽穷却很有志气。n. ambition野心，雄心；抱负，志向It had been her lifelong ambition.这是她终身追求的目标appreciative adj.欣赏的,感激的，理解的We have been very appreciative of their support. 我们对他们的支持一直非常感激
22、。v. appreciaten.appreciationinjury n伤，损害adj. injured 受伤的【辨析】hurt:普通用词，较口语化，侧重指给有生命的东西造成机体上或精神、感情上的或轻或重 的伤害。injure:较hurt正式，多用于有生命的事物。既可指伤害别人的事物。即可指伤害别人的健 康、外貌、自尊心、名誉等，又可指使别人受伤或东西受损，同时含有受伤害局部至少暂时 丧失功能的意味。wound:专指对身体的重伤，尤指在战斗中受的伤，强调外部创伤；也可指精神方面的伤害。 harm:主要用于有生命的东西，语气略强于injure,指引起严重的痛苦和损伤；有时也用于 抽象事物，指造成
23、任何不良后果。damage:通常指对无生命物体的损害，并有降低其价值，破坏其功能等的后果。disable:强调使伤残career n.职业，事业She takes up nursing as a career. 她以看护为职业。Personally, I would give priority to career development. 我个人认为，我倾向于职业开展。【同义表达】profession9 occupation9 causecooperation n.合作，协作in cooperation with 与.合作I was trying to foster peace and coo
24、peration. 我在试图促进和平与合作。v. cooperate合作，协作He agreed to cooperate with the police investigation.他同意酉己合警方调查。ultimate adj.最终的；根本的；极限程度的ultimate goal终极目标Plants are the ultimate source of all foodstuffs.植物是所有食物的最终来源。adv. ultimately 最终地/eventually/ finallyfortune n.财富，运气；命运good fortune好财运,好运；顺景make a fortune
25、发财，赚大钱He made a fortune by selling houses.他靠卖房子发了财。By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她投资精明，积累 了一笔财富。adj. fortunate好运的，幸运的How fortunate that he had been able to love!他能够去爱是多么幸运啊！unfortunate adj.不幸的；令人遗憾的It was an unfortunate accident.那是一次不幸的事故。dormitory n.宿舍A dormitory is the typical dwe
26、lling of a college student.宿舍是大学生的典型住所。lodging house 宿舍，公寓；【辨析】lodging:常用lodgins,指临时租借的房间或宿舍。accommodation:泛指各种居住住所，一般指暂时下榻之地。apartment:通常指占用或居住时间较长的成套房间，在美国比拟常用。quarters:指某一局部人集中的居住区。suite:可泛指任何设备完善的一套房间，但多指包括起居室。furniture n.家具Most of the furniture was quite tasteful.大局部家具都很高雅。guilty adj.内疚的，有罪的gui
27、lty of:有之过错;对感到内疚Joe felt guilty at having deceived the family.乔因欺骗家人而感到内疚。【辨析】criminal:侧重指某种行为是违犯法律的，因而应受到惩罚。adj.犯罪的，刑事的； n.罪犯guilty:主要指某种行为违反道德标准，也可指违犯法律。hybrid n.混合物，杂种；adj.杂种的，混合的A commercial hybrid rice plant was produced a year later.一年以后生产出了一株商业杂交水稻。Hybrid cars do little harm to the environme
28、nt.混合动力汽车对环境危害不大。devote v.奉献，致力于devote to将奉献给;把专用于devote oneself to 致力于； 献身于The original intention was to devote three months to the project.最初的计划是在这个工程上投入三个月的时间。【辨析】dedicate：正式用词，指献身于某一崇高事业或目的，也可指把著作题献给他人。v.致力，献身dedicate oneself to 专心致志Huge resources have been dedicated to the fight against the cor
29、onavirus.大量资源被用于抗击冠状病毒。devote:普通用词，指决心把全部身心、精力、时间等献给某一目标，某一个人或致力于某 一事业。n. devotionproduction n.产量，产品；生产，制作We are aiming at a higher production level. 我们旨在提高生产水平。Demand is outpacing production.需求正在超过生产。【辨析】manufacture: 一般指机器大量制造的产品。produce:多指农产品（尤指蔬菜水果等）。product: 一般指工业产品，也可泛指各种各样的产品。production:含义广泛，不
30、同场合有不同的意思，可表示产品，产物，尤指人类智力或艺 术劳动的产品。The processing factory managed to make the most of our fresh local in the countryside.A. production B. productC. outputD. produceminimum adj.最小的，最低的；n.最小值，最低限度a minimum of至少，最少的They want to spend a minimum of both time and money.他们想花费最少的时间和钱。Costs should be kept to
31、 a minimum,本钱应保持在最低限度。maximum adj.最大值的；n,最大值You can renew any item a maximum of three times.任何东西最多可 以续借三次。reject v.拒绝，抵抗，丢弃It lies with you to accept or reject the proposals.接受或是拒绝这些建议由你决定。contract n.合约，契约He mailed me the contract.【辨析】agreement:普通用词，含义最确定，泛指个人、团体或国家之间取得一致而达成的任何协 议、协定或合同、契约等，可以是口头的，也
32、可以是书面的。contract:侧重指双方或多方订立的具有法律效力的正式的书面合同或契约。treaty:指国家之间经外交谈判后依照国际法签订的正式条约。convention:比treaty更专门化，但不及treaty正式。也可指国家之间就有关事情签订的条 约。bargain:通常指商业交往中的购销合同。understanding:指不具约束力的非正式的协议。accord:多指国际间的非正式协议。contract n.感染，订约distraction n.注意力分散，心烦意乱Keep your focus and avoid the distractions.The children are d
33、riving me to distraction today.今天孩子们闹得我心烦意乱。v. distract转移,分心distract from 转移；使从分心It was another attempt to distract attention from the truth.这又是企图分散人们对事实真相的注意力。convince v.使信服；说服convince by通过使人相信convince sb of sth使某人信服某事She utterly failed to convince them.她根本没有说服他们。We dont need to be convinced of any
34、thing we dont already know.也无需认同任何我们尚不知晓的道理。They convinced the teacher by what they have done.他们以实际行动换取了 老师的信任。adj. convincing令人信月艮的convincing evidenceadj. convinced确信的.深信的【辨析】persuade:普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事。v.说服，劝告persuade sb to do sth劝说某人做某事persuade sb of sth使某人相信;使某人信服 How can I persuade y
35、ou to keep off alcohol?urge:语气强，指不断地热情地规劝诱导。convince:指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服。strivev,努力，奋斗；抗争 (strove/striven)strive for争取，奋斗strive to develop努力开展；大力开展strive against 对抗strive for freedom 力争自由Strive for the best, prepare for the worst. 作最坏的打算，争取最好的结果。You should always strive to achieve more, however we
36、ll you have done before.不管以前做得多么好，你应该始终争取更大的进步【辨析】attempt：较正式用词，侧重已经开始，且希望完成，但常隐含着不一定有预期的结果。try:普通用词，可与attempt换用，但强调努力或尝试，后跟不定式表示努力或争取；后跟 动名词表示尝试。endeavour:正式用词，指尽最大努力、认真地克服困难去做某事。v./n.竭力，尽力They could not do it, despite their best endeavours.We must always endeavour to improve our work.strive:和endea
37、vour一样，表示付出巨大努力，但strive侧重劳累与紧张，而不强调努力的 结果。entryn.入口；进入；登记；条目The entry of all expenditure is necessary.有必要把切开支入贝长。You can leave your umbrella in the entry.你可以把伞放在入 口处。【辨析】entrance:含义广泛，作进入解时，可用于许多场合；作入口解时，指有门或栏的入口 处。entry:强调正式地、礼仪地进入。用作入口解时，多指房门、院门、门廊等。 admittance:指许可进入某地或某建筑物。admission:指被允许进入某公共场所或建
38、筑物的权利，也指进入某一组织。academic adj.学术的，学院的；理论的 academic conference学术会议，研讨会 academic journal学术期刊，学术刊物 The academic year is divided into two terms.Their academic standards are high.ruin v.毁坏，破坏；n.废墟 in ruins成为废墟地震之后，这座城市成为一片废墟。地震之后，这座城市成为一片废墟。The city lay in ruins after the earthquake. His enemies are determ
39、ined to ruin him.【辨析】break:普通用词，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破坏，可指有形或无形的破坏。destroy:多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。ruin:多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性，也可用于引申意义。wreck:侧重指船只、车辆、房屋等受到严重破坏或完全毁坏，也可指计划、健康受到损害。damage:多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果。spoil:强调不仅会削弱力量、精力或价值，而且会导致不可防止的毁灭。v.损坏，毁坏；溺爱，宠坏They spoil their only grandson very
40、much,他们非常宠爱他们惟一的孙子。I wouldnt want to spoil your fun.我不想扫你的兴。Skip V.蹦跳；略过，跳过It is important not to skip meals.重要的是，不能不吃饭。When I read the novel I skipped these dry passages of description.我读这本小说的时候跳过了这几段毫无趣味的描写。defensive adj.防卫的，防御的Defensive means protecting yourself from criticism or attack.防御是指保护自己免
41、收批评或攻击。intensity n.强度，强烈；（感情的）强烈程度The pain increased in intensity.疼痛越来越剧烈。I didnt realize the intensity of peoples feelings on this issue.我没有意识到这一问题能引起群情激奋。adj. intense强烈的，紧张的，热情的intense competition 激烈的竞争sacrifice v.牺牲；n.献祭,舍身；供奉at the sacrifice of以牺牲为代价He sacrificed his life to save the drowning ch
42、ild.他为拯救落水的孩子而献出自己的生命。He gave his life as a sacrifice for his country.他为国牺牲了。hire v.租用，雇用/ n.租用，雇用；租金，工钱The person you hired has exceeded your expectations.你聘用的人超过了你的预期。The price includes the hire of the hall.【辨析】hire:多指短期租用。在英国一般指租用车、船。lease:指按照租约租出或租用房屋、土地或其它不动产。v.出租；n.租约，租期，租赁物They lease the land
43、 from a local farmer.他们从当地一位农场主手中租得这块土地。The lease plainly states that all damage must be paid for.租约明确规定，一切损坏必须赔偿。rent:在英国指较长时间租出或租入房屋、商店或土地；而在美国指长时间或短时期租用各 种资产以及日用东西。n.租金；/ v.出租，租借，租用我已租了房子，并交了租金。I have rented a house and paid the rent.let:尤指出租房屋或地产等。v.出租charter:指承租大型运输工具，如飞机、轮船、大客车以及火车等。v.特许，包租； n
44、.宪章，执照royal charter皇家宪章（英国法律）This travel firm specializes in charter flights.这家旅游公司专营包机业务。enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的China has had enormous success in beating down its epidemic.在战胜疫情上，中国已经取得巨大胜利。【辨析】huge:含义广，强调体积或容积的庞大。也可用于引申意义。enormous:指体积、数量或程度远远超过一般标准。immense:正式用词，侧重空间的广阔，也指面积或分量的巨大。adj.巨大的，极大的他对国家的贡献非常
45、大。他对国家的贡献非常大。His services to the country were immense.giant:非正式用词，多为褒义。指如巨人般的庞大体积。n.巨人，伟人；adj.巨大的，特大的Once upon a time there was a giant with two heads. 从前有个两头巨人。gigantic:指面积或体积的巨大，但多用于引申意义。colossal:侧重尺寸、规模和体积的无比巨大。vast:多指空间、面积、范围的巨大，不涉及重量。massive:指大的体积、数量和重量，侧重庞大而笨重。tremendous:指某物很大，大得惊人；也可用作引申意义。le
46、ngth n.长度；时间的长短at length最后，终于，详细地in length 长度a length of 一段It is about a metre in length.它大约有一米长。In addition, the length of a nap offers different benefits.除此之外，小睡时间长短不同带来的好处也不一样。v. lengthen使延长,加长In summer, the daylight hour lengthens. 夏天, 白天的时间长。apart adj.分开的，与众不同的；adv.别离地；相距apart from远离，除之外The hou
47、se stands apart from the village.那栋房子在村外。Apart from his intelligence,he was tirelessly industrious.除了很聪颖之外,他还是一个孜孜不倦的勤奋的人。Its difficult to tell them apart.很难把他们区分开来。average adj.平均的，普通的；n.平均数an average of 平均是above/below the average高于/低于平均水平Im just your average man in the street.我对你来说不过是普通人一个。You can say they are of average height, they are of medium height.你可以说他们是普通身高，他们是中等身高。normal adj.正常的，正规的，标准的He was graduated from a normal college.他是一个师范学院的毕业生。n.常态，正常Things soon returned to normal.情况很快恢复了 正常。【反义词】ab