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1、Book 3 Unitl Festivals around the world 语言知识归纳案编写人：董克全审核人：李德贤 领导签字：【学习目标：】扎实掌握本单元的基础知识，提升自己的理解力、记忆力。【使用说明及学法指导：】利用自习时间疯狂记忆单词、短语和重点句型。【单元知识总结】1.accepted adj.公认的，为公众们所接受的（或使用、赞同）的 a widely accepted theory 一种普遍为人们所接受的理论It is widely accepted that人们普遍认为n all directions 向四面八方 work under the direction of s
2、b 在某人指导下工作 guide the students in one direction or another 在某一方面指导学生3 .a cloud of dust 一 团尘埃a cloud of blond hair 一头飘逸的金发a cloud of arrows 箭如飞蝗 a cloud of words 暧昧的话4 .settle into慢慢地形成；适应（新的环境、工作）to settle into a new house/ office 适应新的房子/办公室settle down定居，过安定的生活，专心致志于settle down to onel work安定下来专心工作se
3、ttle up付消，了结5 .in time及时；最终，迟早We were just in lime for the bus.我们正好赶上那班公共汽车。If you keep on, you will succeed in time.如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。on time按时，准时，于指定时间；以分期付款方式The train pulled in on time.火车准时进站。He bought a house on time.他用分期付款的方式购买了一幢房子。6 .be fundamental to.对.十分重要的be fundamental to a true understa
4、nding of the book 对真正理解这本书十分重要 Fresh air is fundamental to good health.新鲜空气对于身体健康十分重要。 fundamental science 基础科学 a fundamental change 根本变化 the fundamental rules of art 艺术的基本法那么7 .dissolve.into.把溶解在 dissolve sugar into water 把糖溶解在水里 be dissolved in tears 感动地眼泪汪汪 dissolve a parliament 解散议会Salt dissolve
5、s in water.盐溶于水。dissolve sorrow into strength 化悲哀为力量8 .give birth lo生（孩子）;产（仔）；产生,引起She gave birth to a child last night.她昨晚生了 一 个孩子。birth mother 生母 give birth to a dispute 引起了一场争吵be of no birth出身卑微的人 be of good/high birth出身高贵的人.in ones turn （常用作插入语）接着,轮到They, in their turn, made a proposal.他们接着也提出了
6、一个建议。Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事in turn依次，轮流，转而，反过来 speak in turn依次发言by turns轮流，交替 wash dishes by turns轮流洗碗碟She went hot and cold by turns.她一阵发热一阵发冷。9 .prevent.from.| 止，制止 What prevented him from going?什么事试他没去成 slop sb （from） doing sth阻止某人做某事keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事（from不可省略）1 l.a chain rea
7、ction 一系列反响 a chain of events 一连串的事件 fast-food chains快餐连锁店12. prod nee young 繁衍后代13.lay eggs 下蛋 14.cool down 冷却15 .make a trip into space 去太空旅行.chccr up感到高兴Cheer up! Your problems will soon be over.振作起来！你的困难就会过去的.now that 既然，因为Now that our plans are settled, let us proceed.既然我们的计划定了，我们就着手做起来吧。16 .ge
8、t the hang of掌握的诀窍，熟悉的用法（做法）Once you have got thehang of it, youll be all right.一旦你掌握了它的窍门，你就行了。17 .breakout （战争、大灾难）突然发生，爆发break down （机器、汽车）坏掉，出毛病;（身体、精神）垮掉；（谈判，计划）失败 break away from从脱离break in vi.破门而入；闯入break into vl.破门而入；闯入 break up粉碎；分解；分手18 .watch out （for sb/ sth）密切注意；留神；提防.be harmful to sb/s
9、th = do harm to sb/sth = do sb/sth harm 对有害Smoking is harmful to your health.吸烟对你的健康有害。do good to sb= do sb good= be good for 对有好处Milk does good to you. / Milk does you good. / Milk is good for you.喝牛奶对你有好处。19 .puzzle v.使为难；使困惑 n难题；谜What puzzled me was why they didnt take her advice.让我困惑的是他们为什么不采纳她
10、的意见。No one has yet succeeded in explaining the puzzle of how life began.没有人能成功解释生 命的起源这一谜题。puzzled adj.迷惑的 puzzling adj.令人迷惑的When he came across a puzzling question, he had a puzzled look.当他碰到一个令人迷惑 的问题时，他的脸上表现出了迷惑的神情。20 .pullup （使）（车等）开到某处停pull in/out （车）进/出站pull through 恢复健康 The doctors think she
11、will pull through.医生相信她将康复。Sentences:1 .However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a , Big Bang thal threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是;宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八 方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星
12、和其他天体。2 .Vhat it wasbecome was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid lobe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，知道38-45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。What it was to become局部由what引导的主语从句，when引导定语从句。1.1 t exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitro
13、gen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.它（地球）猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了碳，氮气，水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形 成了地球的大气层。Be to do常用来表示不可防止、将要发生的事情。This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease.这个发现对心脏病的治疗产生了重大影响。4. What many scientists believe is that the contin
14、ued process of water allowed the earth （o dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋 里。What many scientists believe为主语从句，that引导的为表语从句。5. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heal from escauinc fromhe eart
15、h inlo space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。该句子which引导的是非限定性定语从句，表示结果。6. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以，在未来的数万万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决了这个问题能否得到了解决。该句子第一个whether引导的从句为主语从句，第二个whether引导的从句为介词on的宾语 从句。7. I cheered
16、up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着（身后的）地球越来越小，而 （前方的）月球越来越大。句子中watching分词为伴随状语。8. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球的引力增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。句子的amazed是过去分词，在句中作状语。