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1、Unit 5 Languages Around the WorldSection B Discovering Useful Structures 学案学习目标掌握本节生词及句型表达与运用。词汇练习1、struggle n.难事,斗争,努力vi.奋斗,努力,挣扎固定搭配:struggle for/to do 努力争取/做struggle with 同搏斗struggle2、 tongue n.舌头,语言固定搭配:put/stick out ones longue伸出舌头onenother/native language 母语a sharp tongue说话尖刻on the tip of ones
2、 tongue话到嘴边;差点说出3、give up放弃,认输4、point of view 观点,看法语法指导定语从句(H)关系副词的用法当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中用作时间、地点、原因状语时,应使用关系副词when, where, why 或“介词+which”。关系副词的作用如下:1 .指代表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。2 .在从句中充当句子成分状语,即在从句中起副词的作用。3 .起连接作用,把主句和定语从句连接起来构成主从复合句。一、关系副词引导定语从句.when引导定语从句when表示时间,代替先行词并在定语从句中做时间状语,其先行词往往是表示时间的名 词,$11 time, day
3、, year, month, week 等。2. where引导定语从句where表示地点,代替先行词并在定语从句中做地点状语,其先行词往往是具体地点 place, room, mountain, airport 或抽象地点的名词如 case, state, condition, point, situation 等。3. why引导定语从句的用法why表示原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中做原因状语,其先行词是表示理由的名词 reason。二、关系代词与关系副词的选用定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下两种方式判断:用法依据是及物动词,后面假设无宾语,用关系代词;是 根据从句的谓语动
4、词不及物动词那么用关系副词根据先行词在从句中所作的成把先行词代入定语从句中,假设作主语或宾语用分关系代词;作状语那么用关系副词This is the factory where he used to work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词)This is the factory (that/which) 1 visited last year.这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词)Is this the museum (that/which) you visited a few days ago?这就是你几天前参观的那家博物馆吗?(从句缺少宾语)Is thi
5、s the museum where the exhibition was held?这就是举办展览的那家博物馆吗?(从句缺少地点状语)三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句时,关系副词也可用“介词+关系代词“代替。(1) when可以换成“介词+which”。I still remember the time when (=in which) I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。I have forgotten the exact date whcn (=on which) this country became in
6、dependent.我忘记这个国家独立确实切日期了。(2)where可以换成“介词+which”。This is the hotel where=in which) they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。(3)why可以用for which来代替。This is the reason why (=for which)he left in a hurry.这是他匆匆的原因。1、介词选择的三原那么:一先二动三意义。一先:根据先行词的搭配习惯来确定。二动:根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯来确定。三意义:根据从句所表达的意义来确定。2、介词可以后移,此时关系代词可以忽略。3、名词/代词/数词+of
7、+关系代词引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句,该结构在 定语从句中一般作主语。练习一、根据首字母填写单词Any attempt to cut off the flesh and b ties between Chinas army and (he Chinesepeople will fail, Ren said.(根据首字母填空)He will also d his time between making deliveries and helping manage the operations of the facility (设备).(根据首字母填空)1. “My parents spe
8、ak only Serbian(塞尔维亚语)at homethey worried I might forget my mother t J he says.(根据首字母填空)二、根据汉语意思填写单词2. The injured old man went all out and (挣扎)to his feet, but failed.(根据汉 语提示单词拼写)Nowadays,many people (奋斗)to maintain the balance between work and family.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)3. Reading will increase your(词汇量)
9、.三、根据所给汉语提示填空Human activity is(是的主要原因)the number of monarch butterflies isfalling.(根据汉语提示完成句子)We need to take steps (o save endangered speides. We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner, more natural sources enery. We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water, air and
10、land pollution. (简而言之,如果想要生存,就 需要停止破坏我们生活的星球并开始保护它).(根据汉语提示完成句子)4. There(. .的 H寸代至U 来了)the oldmust give way to the new.(根据汉语提示完成句子)四、句型转换She missed the train because she woke up late in the morning. (|Hj 义转换)The reason she missed the train she woke up late in themorning.5. Students should involve th
11、emselves in community activities.They can gain experience for growth in the activities.(用定语从句改写成一个句子)五、汉译英(整句)6. 他们特别喜欢自然颜料的原因是它们的颜色比拟鲜艳,而且长时间不褪色。(汉译英)7. 她忘不了那个派对,在那里她尽情地跳舞。(定语从句,to ones hcarfs content)(汉译英)8. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能给我们提供新鲜空气。(the reason why. is (hat.)(汉 译英)六、完成句子9. 我们不信任他的原因是他经常撒谎。The reason
12、i s10. 众所周知,无论电脑如何普及,有些工作得由人工完成。这就是电脑不能完全取代 人的原因。,popular computers are, some work must be done by puters cant completely replace human beings.参考答案:1. bone【详解】考查名词。句意:任说:“任何企图切断中国军队与中国人民之间的骨肉相连的做 法都会失败。”根据单词首字母以及句意“骨”可知应填名词bone,短语flesh and bone”骨 肉”。故填bone.,2. divide【详解】考查动词。句意:他还把时间一局部用在运送上,一局部用在帮助
13、管理设备的运 营上。divide time between.and“把时间分别用于”,且will后加动词原形,故填 divide。3. tongue【详解】考查名词。句意:他说:“我父母在家里只说塞尔维亚语,他们担忧我可能会忘记 自己的母语根据单词首字母以及句意“母语”,可知应填名词tongue作宾语。短语 mother longue“母语故填 tongue04. struggled【详解】考查动词。句意:这个受伤的老人努力挣扎想要站起身来,但是还是失败了。根 据汉语提示和句子结构可知,动词“struggle”符合题意,根据与其并列的谓语动词went 知,该处也应填写动词过去式。故填strug
14、gled。5. struggle【详解】考查动词。句意:如今,许多人奋斗在维持工作和家庭间的平衡。分析句子结构 可知,设空处应使用谓语动词,时态为一般现在时,主语为many people,谓语动词应使用 复数。根据汉语提示,struggle为动词,意为“奋斗”。故填struggle。6. vocabulary【详解】考查名词。句意:阅读会提高你的词汇量。根据your判断此处填名词, “vocabulary”词汇量,不可数,故填 vocabularyo7. the main reason why【详解】考查定语从句。句意:人类的活动是帝王蝶数量下降的主要原因。分析可知“主要 原因”是the ma
15、in reason,后面跟了一个定语从句修饰先行词reason,并且关系词在从句中 中作原因状语,应用关系副词why引导,故填the main reason why。8. In short, if we want to survive, we have to stop destroying the planet where we are living and start to protect it.【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。句意:我们需要采取措施拯救濒危物种。我们需要通 过使用更清洁、更自然的能源来改变我们的工作和旅行方式。我们还需要改进我们的耕作 方法,以减少水、空气和土地污染。简而言
16、之,如果想要生存,就需要停止破坏我们生活 的星球并开始保护它。“简而言之”可以用介词短语in shom “如果”可以用if引起的条件状 语从句,“想要做某事”表达为want to do slh.,作从句谓语动词,“生存”为survive; “不得不 做某事”为have to do sth.,作主句谓语动词,“停止做某事“可以用动词短语stop doing sth; “我们生活的星球”可以用where引起的定语从句修饰名词“星球”。结合其他汉语提示,故 填 In short, if wc want to survive, wc have to stop destroying the planet
17、 where we arc living and start to protect it0comes che/a time when【详解】考查定语从句。句意:旧事物被新事物淘汰的时代到来了。根据汉语提示可知, ” 的时代到来“可用there be句型的变形,表达为there comes the/atime, the time为单 数,且陈述事实,故谓语动词用一般现在时的三人称单数形式。后跟定语从句,the old must give way to the new为完整句式,先行词time表时间,故用when做时间状语,引导定 语从句,故填 comes, the/a, time, whenow
18、hy was that【详解】考查定语从句及表语从句。句意:她错过了火车,因为她早上起晚了。根据句意 及所给句子可知,第一空是限定性定语从句,先行词是reason,在从句中作原因状语,应 用why引导;第二空是系动词,句子描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,主语是the reason,系动词使用was;第三空是表语从句,从句句意完整、成分齐全,应用只起连接作 用、无实意的that引导。故填why;was;that。9. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience
19、for growth.【详解】考查定语从句。句意:学生应该参与社区活动,在那里他们可以获得成长的经 验。句中两个句子重复的局部是communily activities,第一个句子为主句,第二个句子转 换为where引导的定语从句,where在定语从句中作地点状语,指代的是前文的in community activities,即可把两个简单句变成定语从句。故答案为Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.10. The reasons
20、for which they prefer natural dyes are that the colours are brighter and can be kept longer.【详解】考查定语从句、表语从句和比拟级。表示的原因”应使用定语从句,且题目 中原因有两个,需用复数形式,那么先行词为reasons,由for which引导从句,由于是特指 某两个原因,所以reasons前面要加定冠词:表示特别喜欢可用动词prefer;表示“自然颜 料”短语为natural dyes;此处说明具体的原因,主语用reasons,谓语用复数形式are,后接 that引导的表语从句作表语;“比拟鲜艳应
21、用形容词比拟级brigher;表示“长时间不褪色” 可以理解为“(颜料)更加持久”,应用被动语态和形容词比拟级,其英文表达为can be kept longero 故翻译为:The reasons for which they prefer natural dyes are that the colours are brighter and can be kept longer.11. She cant fbrget that party, where she danced to her hearts content.【详解】考查定语从句和固定短语。表示“她“应用人称代词she:表示“忘不了”
22、应用动词 canH forget:表示“那个派对应用名词Ihal party;表示跳舞应用dance,句子时态为一般 过去时,应用动词过去式;表示“尽情地”用提示短语to ones hearts content。根据题意要 求,由于先行词party在从句中作地点状语,因此由关系副词where引导定语从句。故翻译 为:She cant fbrget that party, where she danced to her hearts contentoThe reason why we have to plant trees is that they can provide us with fre
23、sh air.【详解】考查固定句型和固定短语以及时态。此处为句型ihe reason why.is ihal.表示 “的原因是”句子为一般现在时;表示“我们必须种树”翻译为we have (o plant trees;表示“提供”短语为provide sb. with sth.;表示“新鲜空气”短语为fresh air。故翻译为 The reason why we have to plant trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.12. why we dont trust him that he often lies【详解】考查固定句
24、型、定语从句和表语从句。比照中英文,译文中使用了固定句型: The reason why.is that.。其中why引导定语从句,修饰先行词reason,连词that引导表语 从句;结合中文,“我们不信任他的”是定语从句,由关系副词why引导,主语用we,谓语 动词用dorfttrust,宾语用宾格人称代词him; “他经常撒谎”是表语从句,由连词Ihal引 导,主语用he,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式lies, “经常”是频度状语,用副词often表 示。故填why;we;dont; trust;him;that;he;often;lies。13. As is known to all/As
25、 we (all) know/As everyone knows no matter how /however This is why /This is the reason why【详解】考查定语从句,时态,状语从句和表语从句。根据中英文提示,空一缺少“众所周知”,分析句子可知,可以用as引导非限制性定语从句,根据句意,句子用一般现在时,as is known to all, as wc (all )know, as everyone know 都可以用来表示“众所周知”,空二缺 少“无论如何”引导让步状语从句,用no matter how或者however,空三缺少“这就是的原因“,this“这,指代前文的句子,is是”,接why”的原因”引导表语从句,或用the reason原因作表语,用why引导定语从句。故填As is known to all/As we (all) know/As everyone knowsno matter how/however(3)This is why/This is the reason why.