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1、Strategy Paper for Circular EconomyNetwork equipmentCopyright 2022 GSM AssociationStrategy Paper for Circular EconomyIntroduction102050the target for zero carbon emissionsPhoto sharing, video calling, online gaming and live streaming are just a few of the connected behaviours that have become ubiqui
2、tous over the last decade. Behind such actions, there is a hidden matrix of billions of pieces of equipment: servers, cables, antennas, boxes, data centres, smartphones, personal computers, captors, sensors and cameras. This is becoming the largest infrastructure ever built by humanity, with the ass
3、ociated environmental impacts.The mobile industry made a significant first step in addressing these environmental impacts in 2019 when the Board of the GSMA, representing the largest mobile companies globally, agreed on an ambition to move the mobile industry to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 at
4、the latest. Since then, the majority of the industry by revenue has committed to carbon reduction targets in line with this commitment.As most emissions of the mobile industry lie upstream in its supply chain, it is important to address the issue of resource re-use with suppliers of network equipmen
5、t. The majority of emissions throughout the whole mobile sector value chain are from energy use and associated carbon emissions.Mobile network operators and suppliers are making significant investments in renewable electricity to reduce these impacts, but carbon emissions are not the only important
6、metric and, as an industry, we must consider raw material extraction and other environmental pollutants that are generated.estimated kilotonnes of network equipment are sold each yearThere are clear benefits to bringing more people online and there are active efforts in almost every country to close
7、 the digital divide5. Connectivity improves the livelihoods of billions of people, but it will also require more resources to be used for the infrastructure to enable this. It is estimated that at least 800 kilotonnes of network equipment are sold each year s:/easychair.org/publications/paper/XvgV i
8、ncluding mobile base stations, fixed access equipment and IP data transmission and core network equipment.The focus of this strategy paper is on this network equipment that is specific to telecommunications and forms the infrastructure that creates connectivity. For details of the equipment, please
9、see the Scope section. More sustainable network equipment will mean moving towards a more circular economy business model, which is defined in the next section.This is not to suggest that network equipment is the only resource use by the industry. Our industry uses many different materials and produ
10、cts, the most visible and common of which are mobile devices. Improving the circularity of mobile devices will be considered as part of a separate strategy paper to be published later.A new path to better serve customers, generate profit and provide long-term sustainability with low impacts on the p
11、lanet must be defined: this strategy paper proposes using circular economy principles as the framework.What is a circular economy?Currently, the global economy, including the ICT sector, is only 8.6% circular3 - this means less than 10% of the material used in a year is recycled or reused in some wa
12、y. In contrast, 91.4% of economic activity follows a linear approach to products: raw materials are extracted, products manufactured, customers use the products and then they are discarded with limited reuse and recycling. As discussed in the introduction, this is creating a significant strain on th
13、e planet as humanitys demand for goods increases and the planets ability to provide us with raw materials decreases.In response to this existential threat, the concept of a circular economy is a transformative model to reutilise products, parts, components and materials in successive production cycl
14、es to reduce waste and pollution. It seeks to change the way humanity looks at the goods we use so that nothing becomes waste; everything is seen to retain some value. The inspiration for the concept of the circular economy is from the natural world where living things are created, grow, decline and
15、 die, and then their remains are used as food for other organisms.Figure 1Linear economyTAKEMAKEDISPOSECircular economyLinear and circular economies13Nolon:FTTC/FTTNVDSL2Figure 3 RAN equipment: RRU/BBU； 2G BTS； 3G node B/RNC； 4G eNodeB; 5G antenna; Massive MIMOFAN equipment: Active equipment (DSLAM,
16、 OLT and CTMS), UXN termination (OLT); DSLAM; CTMSTransmission equipment: PDH/SDH; xWDM; MicrowaveIP core network: Switches, routers, firewallsIT equipment： Data centres (including Edge Computing required for 5G and OTT services) with X86 servers, storage HDD/SSD, value added service platformCore eq
17、uipment: MSC； MGW; EPC； IMS； 5G Core eCudrent challenges to roving towalxl s circular1footnote kalmnklca2footnoteStrategy Paper for Circular EconomyCurrent challenges to moving towards circularity 18flThis paper will address key challenges faced by the telecom industry where network equipment is con
18、cerned, which will help move the industry towards greater circularity:Challenge 1: To reduce the impacts on the 1 environment from manufacturing products and components and mining raw materials/Challenge 4: To accelerate the shift to more circular principles in the design of the supply chain for net
19、work equipmentChallenge 2: To make it easier to source, reuse and repurpose existing network equipmentChallenge 3: To better understand the environmental impacts of network equipment through more comparable methods of evaluationChallenge l:To reduce the impacts on the environment from manufacturing
20、products and components and mining raw materialsThe culture of new in telecom technologyContinuous innovation coupled with strong competition has led to massive investments in new technology and the rapid emergence of new generations of equipment. Constant improvements of energy and spectrum efficie
21、ncy have positive effects, but inherently also lead to the replacement of equipment and therefore poses a dilemma: what to do with obsolete equipment, components and raw materials?The rapid pace at which technology advances today, as well as growing customer demand, means that some network products
22、reach the end of their useful lifespan after only a few years of use. Demand for data is increasing, driving new equipment innovations to meet the demand. There is a tendency across the industry is to switch to new technology immediately when a new generation of equipment is available, rather than c
23、onsider reusing some part of the previous solutions.This culture ofnew is typical of a linear model -take, make and dispose - which leads to the decommissioning of a large amount of equipment which is still functioning with the generation of significant amounts of e-waste. It is estimated that at le
24、ast 800 kilotonnes of network equipment is sold each year6 including mobile base stations, fixed access equipment and IP data transmission and core network equipment. There is a lack of data on global levels of reuse and recycling rates, and the material flows of unwanted network equipment.The ICT s
25、upply chain is currently organised and focused to build, ship, and deliver new equipment worldwide. To limit waste, equipment manufacturers have initiated trade-in programmes and brokers are also active in this market, but many productsare not reused or recycled. There is a need to innovate and cons
26、ider alternative business models as other industries currently do, such as the automotive industry.There is a consensus around reducing climate impacts:The ambition to limit industry climate impacts is widely shared, and a majority of the industry globally is engaged to reduce its carbon emissions i
27、n line with the Paris Agreement. Globally, two-thirds of mobile network operators by revenue have committed to rapidly reducing their carbon emissions over the next decade, including their supply chain emissions. Around one-third have gone even further, committing to reach net-zero for their value c
28、hain emissions by 2050 or even before7.AcknowledgementsStrategy Paper for Circular EconomyAcknowledgmentsThis report from the GSMA has been created with contributions from the following:TELSTRA=TIMverizon7vodafoneIn particular, the GSMA would like to thank Thierry Barba and Bernardo Scammacca of Ora
29、nge fortheir leadership and active role in the preparation of this strategy paper.Climate targets can help drive greater circularity with its broader benefitsA circular economy is emerging for network equipmentA circular economy brings benefits and short-term results to help reduce supply chain GHG
30、emissions by considering the extension of the life cycle of network equipment.TelenorScope 3 emissions (supply chain) make up 75% of all Telenors emissionsThere are trends in the industry toward the consideration and the development of greater circularity; for example, buying and reselling refurbish
31、ed second-hand equipment (being as reliable as new and warranted), the need to organise a consolidated and regulated second-hand market to ease transactions and give scale to this short-term opportunity. Alongside this, there are a number of factors driving an over-supply of second-hand telecom equi
32、pment becoming available worldwide:Network andtower sharingprojectsover-production capacities90% of Scope 3 emissions are from purchased goods and servicesAbout a third of this 90% is from the network domain.-RAN is the dominant sub-category with 10% of all emissions from purchased goods and services.-In Europe, devices make up a higher share, while in less developed markets networks make up a much higher share (e.g. 60% in certain markets)Techn