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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第12讲定语从句复习练.单句语法填空2021 浙江 1 月Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication they deliberatelysent a message to another group member.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成员发送信息。此处a system of communication是先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语(in the system)。故填where。1. 2020 海南卷The
2、 humidity (湿气)of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds maytravel to other countries in need of rain.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。巨大雨林的湿气导致雨云的形成，雨云可能会飘到需要雨的其他国家。此处rainclouds 是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语。故填that/which.2. 2019上海卷Interestingly, it is on the same beach they were bom that the females
3、 lay their eggs.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。有趣的是，雌性产卵在它们出生的同一个海滩上。此处the same beach是先行词， 其在后面的定语从句they were bom中作地点状语。故填whereo 2021 ,吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量检测His most popular video,shows him making a fantastic wooden arch bridge, rose to fame on the platform, gaining more than 42 million views.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词
4、。他最受欢迎的视频是展示他在制作一座奇妙的木拱桥的视频，该视频在 该平台上一举成名，获得了超过4200万次的点击量。此处先行词是his most popular video,指物，在从句中 作主语，因此用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。3. 2021 云贵川桂四省高三上学期联考People first noticed coral bleaching events in the 1980s.The problem worsened in 2016, when an El Nino weather pattern,causes warmer waters in the Pacifi
5、c Ocean, mixed with an already unseasonably warm ocean and killed off a third of the corals on the Great Barrier Reef.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。当额尔尼娜天气导致太平洋水域升温时，混合已经无季节的温暖海洋杀死了大堡 礁三分之一的珊瑚。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为pattern,在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】who/that【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词
6、是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词 who/that 引导，故填 who/thato8J2017全国卷I Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.is not good for the health.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句， 先行词为前文中的to have too much of both,即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which o9J2017 全国卷 IIIBut S
7、arah, 64.has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah,在 从句中作主语，故填who。10J2017浙江卷6月考Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread
8、 over the garden, 64.it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted （生长）through it.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。此处先行词是the garden,在从句中充当地点状语，故填where。11 .【2016全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65_ I was the
9、 first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。12 .（2015 江苏,21）The number of smokers, is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.【答案】as【解析】as在此处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，意为“正如二
10、代替整个主句的内容。13 .（2015湖南,29）It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.【答案】which【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词place且在从句中作主语。14 .（2015 ,浙江,19）Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.【答案】whic
11、h【解析】先行词为atmosphere,在从句中作逻辑上的地点状语，此处in which相当于whereo.（2015 ,重庆4）He wrote many childrenDs books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.【答案】which【解析】根据句子结构可知，此处考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词which指代前面的books,作介词of的宾 语。II.单句改错.【2019新课标 I 卷,短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the sch
12、ool playground.,where【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.when【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故 将 where 改为 when。1 .【2019新课标 III 卷,短文改错】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created fbr them
13、.【答案】mi .1.whati 1In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment is created fbr them.that / which【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故 把 what 改为 that/whicho.【2018全国1】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.A which-或【答案】They also had a small pon
14、d 1m wherej they raised fish.【解析】6.which改成in which或where考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in which或where。4J2017全国卷HIn their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.【答案】that改为which【解析】考查定语从句。该处前有逗号，后句为
15、非限制性定语从句，故用which。5J2017 全国卷山Around me in this/the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:【答案】they-that/which【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面的倒装句Around me in the picture are the things.是一个单句， 而后面的”.they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instru
16、ments.”也是个单 句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看， 这里变为定语从句更为合理，故把they改为that/whicho6.【2016,四川】The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite【答案】whatthat/which（或去掉what）【解析】此处考查引导定语从句的关系代词。句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。The dishes做先行词，指物， 定语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少宾语，可知引导词在定语从句中作宾语，故把what-that/which（或去掉what）o 7.（2013,全国 II,
17、短文改错）Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.【答案】that-which【解析】非限制性定语从句用which引导,而不用thato6. 2021 ,云南师范大学附属中学高考适应性月考(三)Yu the Great was an admired ruler in ancient China, was famous for controlling floods, his govern
18、ance of the Xia Dynasty, and his moral character.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。大禹是中国古代一位受人尊敬的统治者，他以治水、治理夏朝以及他的道德品质 而闻名。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Yu the Great,且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代 词who, that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。7. 2021 ,四川省南充高中高三第二次月考In the past four years, local education departments have trained about 40,000 football teac
19、hers, 8,000 of have obtained coaching certificates.【答案】whom【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。在过去的四年里，当地教育部门培训了大约四万足球老师，其中八千老 师已经获得辅导证书。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是teachers,指人，非限制性定语从句中介词of 后要用关系代词whom,故填whomo2021 届江苏省南京市高三学情调研】HHe then handed Todd a large bag, inside 43. were clean shirts and shorts, plus a brand-new pair of New
20、 Balance sneakers. Todd was blown away. was very happy.n he told WATN-TV.nShocked, completely.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：然后他递给托德一个大袋子，里面有干净的衬衫和短裤，还有一双 崭新的纽巴伦运动鞋。分析句子结构，inside were clean shirts and shorts.是定语从句，先行词a largebag,指物，因此用“介词inside+which”引导定语从句。故填which。8. 2021 届江苏省第一次百校联考】Instead, as The Conv
21、ersation notes, they hang out in the relative safety of trees,41. also happen to double as their storerooms.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：相反，正如谈话中提到的，它们会在相对安全的树木中闲逛，而这些树木 恰好也是它们的储藏室。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词trees,且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故 用关系代词which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。9. 2021 届江苏省扬州市高三上学期期初调研】In June, Chinas last sate
22、llite of its Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)was launched into orbit, marking the completion of the whole system. In ancient China, people used the Big Dipper,36. is known in Chinese as Hbeidou qixing/ to navigate.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在中国古代，人们用北斗七星来导航。空格前的句子以逗号结尾, 且空格所在的句子对前面句进行补充说明，则空
23、格所在的句子是一个非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语， 先行词是the Big Dipper,指物，故填关系代词which。10. 【江苏省无锡市第一中学20202021学年高三上学期开学考试】A split could also stunt（扼杀）the ftiture development of the app,49, popularity has been fuelled by ByteDances algorithms, honed（进化）in developing Douyin and Toutiao.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，句中包含定语从句，先行词是叩p
24、,在定语从句中作popularity的 定语，故填关系代词whose。11. 高考模拟题（2021 天津滨海新区高三期末）To improve learning efficiency, students must spend more time focusing on the skills they are weak in.A. whatB. whereC. whenD. which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，句子they are weak irT是定语从句，修饰先行词the skills, 先行词指事物，在从句中充当介词in后面的宾语成分，需用关系词which。故
25、选D。1. is known to us all, April 14, 2010 was the day Yushu earthquake happened.A. It; whenB. What; whichC. As; thatD. As; when【答案】D【解析】本题考查定语从句。解题步骤：L确定第一空：第一空考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，意为“正 如，as is known to us all正如我们所知；2.确定第二空：第二空也考查定语从句，先行词day在从句中充 当时间状语，应用关系副词when。句意：正如我们所知，2010年4月14日是玉树地震发生的那天。综上 所述，应填as;
26、 when。故选D项。2. （2021 ,黑龙江实验中学）The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. whetherB. whereC. thatD. why【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。句意：一般来说，一个人的智力极限在出生时是固定的，但他是否达到这些极限 将取决于他所处的环境。A. whether是否；B. where引导名词性从句时，做地点状语；C. t
27、hat引导名词性从 句时，只起连接作用、无实意；D. why引导名词性从句时，做原因状语。通过分析可知，此处是主语从句，且引导词在从句中不作任何成分，但有实际意义，表示“是否“，应该用whether。故选A。3. （2021 天津和平区,耀华中学）Bella, who is always cheerful, creates a friendly work atmosphere in her office every day,her colleagues find pleasant and relaxing.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从
28、句。句意：贝拉总是很开朗，每天在她的办公室里营造友好的工作氛围，她的同事们 觉得这样的氛围轻松愉快。句中先行词为atmosphere,在非限定性定语从句中作动词End的宾语，所以用 关系代词which引导。故选B。4. （2021 ,天津市宝垠区第一中学高三期末）In the past few years, he has collected a lot of ancient coins, date back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.A. most of themB. most of thatC , most of whichD. most of whom【
29、答案】C【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：在过去的几年里，他收集了很多古钱币，其中大部分可以追溯到 明清时期。先行词为ancient coins,指物，用关系代词which在非限定性定语从句中作of的宾语，故C项 正确。5. （2021 ,天津红桥区,高三二模）China Today attracts a worldwide readership,shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which【答案】D【解析】考查非限制性定语从句
30、。句意：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解 中国,根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先that不能引导非限制性定语从 句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom也指人，却只能做 宾语。which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从 句中做主语。故选D。6. He is a strict but kind teacher,is always trying to make his classes and interesting.A. one; living【答案】BB
31、. one who; lively C. he; lovelyD. he who; live【解析】本题考查代词，形容词和定语从句。解题步骤：L确定第一空：用。ne代替a teacher,且为先行 词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词为who。2.确定第二空：A. living活着的；B. lively生动的； C lovely可爱的；D. live现场直播的。形容课堂是生动的。结合句意：他是严格但善良的老师，一个总是让 课堂生动有趣的人。故选B。7. （2021 ,天津市武清区杨村第一中学高三开学考试）Last month, part of Southeast Asia was str
32、uck by floods, from effects the people are still suffering.A. thatB. whoseC. thoseD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上个月，东南亚部分地区遭受洪水袭击，人们现在依然在遭受它带来的影 响。本句考查非限制性定语从句的引导词,whose代替先行词floods在定语从句中作effects的定语。故选B。 9. （2021 天津市天津中学高三月考）By 16： 30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold out.A
33、. whichB. whenC. whatD. that【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:到17:30是关门时间,所有的画几乎被卖完了。从句was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold缺少主语，所以在关系代词里选择，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，用 which引导定语从句，做主语，所以选A；I was told that there were about 50 foreign students Chinese in the school, most werefrom Germany.A. study; o
34、f whomB. study; of themC. studying; of themD. studying; of whom【答案】D【解析】本题考查非谓语动词和定语从句。解题步骤：L确定第一空：从句子结构来看，前面一空应该是 用非谓语动词作定语，study与students是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词，所以答案只能从C和D两个选 项中选；确定第二空：后一选项从句子中间的逗号可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，应该用代词+。计关系 代词，这样答案就只能是D项了。结合句意：我被告知有50个外国学生在那个学校学习汉语，大部分是来 自德国。故选D。III.高考单项选择江苏 21. We have en
35、tered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行 词为an age （一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。2.12019,天津】11 .Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. w
36、hichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中shecansay individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语， 用关系副词where,故选B。3.【2018北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that【答案】A【解析考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。
37、helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which 引导。A选项正确。4.12018 天津12. Kae,sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. her【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共 住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate,在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，
38、故用关系代词whose。 故选Co5.12018 江苏23. Selfdriving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area,在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where,相当于in which。故选B。6.12017V匕京卷31. The little problems we meet in our daily liv
39、es may be inspirations for great inventions.A. thatB. as C. whereD. when【答案】A试题分析：A. that那个B.as因为C.where 哪里 D.when什么时候。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到 的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems,用that。 考点：考查定语从句。7 .【2017江苏】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieveworldwide star
40、vation.A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是 ，whose 在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes,故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的 之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。8 . 2017,天津】9. My eldest son,work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. who【
41、答案】B【解析】句意：我的最大儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先 行词是my eldest son,根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定语，在定语从句中只有引导词whose修饰名词 做定语，意为：的。故选B。10.【2016 二I匕京22.1 live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.A. whoseB. whyC. whereD. which【答案】A【解析】题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属 关系，故用
42、 whose 作定语,whose children 相当于 the children of whom,故选 A。11.12016江苏23.Many young people, most were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase theirdreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people,关系代词whom指代先行词，在定 语从句中作为介词。f的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想
43、，其中大部分人都是受过 良好教育。故C正确。12.【2016天津9. We will put ofF the picnic in the park until next week,the weather may be better.A. thatB. where C. which D. when【答案】D【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week,定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。13.12016浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human
44、 beings cry tears , none ofhas been proved.A. whom B. whichC. whatD. that【答案】B【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用 定语从句，先行词是theories,指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。14 .【2015湖南】29.It is a truly delightful place,looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and p
45、retty cottages.A. asB. whereC. thatD. which【答案】D【解析】根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place,在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关 系代词引导。As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用whicho句意：这真是一个令人愉快 的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D.【2015 V匕京24.Opposite is St.Paufs Church,you can hear some lovely music.A. whichB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】D【解析】句意：对
46、面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. PauVs Church,从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状 语。用where。故选D。IV.高考语法填空1.【2019新课标 II 卷,语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,62 she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet
47、 shop,在非限制性定语从句中作opened 一词的宾语，故用which。2 .【2019新课标 IH 卷,语法填空】They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。 先行词为masters （主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。3 .【2019浙江卷语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piec
48、e of cloth 58gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth,指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用 that 或 which 引导。故填 that/which o.【2019北京卷语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those 9are totally engaged（参与）in academic life.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。 are totally engaged（参与）in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或 thato.【2018 全国 I】Two of the authors of the rev