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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第30讲动词的时态和语态讲【核心素养分析】语言知识：要求考生掌握并能运用英语语法基础知识。一、命题要求动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：要把握各种时态的特 点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要 克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、 现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。二、命题形式高考主要以书面表达、语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的时
2、态和语态在语法填空和短文改错中 是必考点。2022年时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。在这个考点上一定多下工夫，不管花费多大的精 力，让学生掌握这个考点都不为过。因为，打开2022年的高考试卷，必然会有动词的时态和语态。【基础知识精讲】考点一 一般现在时【典例】【练习中感悟规律】.【2020全国新课标 II This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance.【答案】carries【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是
3、一个表 语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填 carries o. (2018 全国 I 卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句 的时
4、态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it,故用is。【变式】1.12020江苏22. If you look at all sides of the situation, youll find probably a solution that everyone.A. suitB suitedC , suitsD. has suited含有 by 短语，如 by six oclock, by the weekend, by the end of next month 等。考点十现在完成进行时【典例】【在练习中感悟规律】语法填空2021 ,吉林省吉林市高三第一次调研考试Li, bor
5、n in 1990,(live) with her grandparents in Mianyang, Sichuan, since the age of 6 after her father died.【答案】has been living/has lived【解析】考查时态。李出生于1990年，父亲去世后，从6岁起，一直与祖父母住在四川绵阳。根据句中“since the age of 6”可知，句子应为现在完成时。故可填has lived；或用现在完成进行时，表示动作开始于过去， 持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去。故可填has been living。故填has been living/ha
6、s lived。【变式】单项选择 2020-天津2 . 一You are a great swimmer.一Thanks. Ifs because I a lot these days.A. have been practisingB. was practisingC. would practiseD. had practised【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这 些天)可知，练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。1. 12016d匕京123. Excuse me, w
7、hich movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars. We here for more than two hours.A. waitedB. waitC. would be waiting D. have been waiting【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意： 打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？ 星球大战，我们已经在这儿等了两 个多小时了。阡。什时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时, 故选Do【考点总结】.现在完成进行时的构成为“have/has+been + doing。表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下
8、去，常 和for, since引导的时间状语连用。1 .表示重复性动作。2 .表示某种感情色彩。考点十一被动语态的构成考点总结名师点津“get+过去分词”表示被动。时体现在过去将来过去将来一般am/is/are donewas/were donewill/shall be donewould/should be done进行am/is/are being donewas/were being done完成have/hasbeen donehad been donewill/shall have been donewould/should have been doneMore and more
9、people are getting attacked in the underground these days.近来，越来越多的人在地铁里遭到袭击。考点十三主动表示被动的用法His plan proved (to be)practical.他的计划被证明符合实际。His books sell well, so they will be sold soon.他的书很畅销，因此很快就会卖光。The door wont open, so we will ask a repairman to open it.这门打不开，所以我们请修理工打开它。As a result of the serious
10、flood, twothirds of the buildings in the area deserve repairing/to be repaired.由于严重的洪灾，在这个地区三分之二的大楼需要修理。【考点总结】1 .“系动词 look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, ke叩+形容词/名词”构成系表结构。2 .表示主语的某种属性特征的不及物动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, coo
11、k, lock, shut等，用主动形式表示被动含义。3 .动词want, need, require, deserve后接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式，意义相同。解题指导谓语动词与语法填空在语法填空中，动词的时态是必考内容。其中，最常考的是一般过去时或者主语是第三人称单数的一 般现在时态，以及现在进行时、过去进行时和一般将来时。被动语态是常考的内容，会涉及一般现在时或一般过去时的被动语态。【典例】用所给动词的正确形式填空1. (2020新课标 I 卷语法填空)The unmanned Chang，e-4 probe (探测器)一the name was inspired by an a
12、ncient Chinese moon goddess 61 . (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】touched【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神上周 在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时、故填touchedo 2. (2020新课标 I 卷语法填空)This really excites scientists, n Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University,
13、says, because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 .(construct). 67.【答案】means【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说: “因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处 也使用一般现在时，主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means,故填means。68.【答案】is co
14、nstructed【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct 与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon 是单数,故填is constructed o(2020新课标 II 卷语法填空)Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits
15、 and flowers 62. (carry) special significance.【答案】cames【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知，空处为从句谓语，且从句主语是动名词短语，故用单数形式, 且与主句的is呼应，故用一般现在时。故填carrieso(2020新课标 III 卷语法填空)65 (When/As) he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendaiy (传奇的)artist, they smiled and 66. (point) down the r
16、iver.【答案】pointed【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指 着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。3. (2020浙江卷语法填空)And, as more children were bom, more food 59. (need).答案】was needed【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之 间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food 为不可数名词。故
17、填was neededo应对策略11 .句中若缺少谓语，注意要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。判断时态首先要确定时间，然后根据动作发 生的状态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确 定时态。2 .句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动语 态。注意只有及物动词才有被动语态。3 .在确定谓语动词的时态和语态时，我们可从四个方面来进行判断：(1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。(2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如：was/were about to do.when.did.It is/ha
18、s been +时间段+ since从句(一般过去时)It/This/That is the first time that.have/has done.或 It/This/That was the first time that.had done.Its (high time) that.did/should do.Hardly had+in + done.when.did.No sooner had + in+done.than.did.这样的句型还有很多，平时要注意积累。(4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动，还需看所给词是否为及物动词，是否考查主动表 被动等。(5)注意主谓是
19、否一致。谓语动词与短文改错短文改错中对于谓语动词的考查点常会涉及到考查上下文时态不一致、被动语态漏掉be或过去分词拼 写错误。【典例】单句改错(每小题1处错误)1. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.2. It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside.3. Some classmates suggest we should g
20、o to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.4. Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mothers Day.We get up early in the morning.5. When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.6. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already
21、 become a very serious problem.7. Tony was scared and begun to cry.8. My mum makes the best biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help.Mum taught me some basic steps of baking.9. As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here.【答案】1.using一used2.had一have3.thought-think4.get一got5.th
22、ink一thought6.去掉 beenegunbegan 8.decide一decided 9. tell一d应对策略2做动词类改错题时，需注意以下几个方面：（1）判断一般现在时与一般过去时是否错用；（2）and, but, so, or等并列连词前后的时态是否一致；（3）除了时态，还要注意主谓是否一致；（4）看是否考查虚拟语气；（5）看谓语部分是否缺少动词，特别是be动词；（6）看动词的形式是否正确，尤其是第三人称单数形式是否错用；（7）看主动语态和被动语态是否错用。书面表达中谓语动词易错点聚焦1.中式英语比比皆是。（误）1 very like listen music and every
23、 day I also will see some newspapers.（正）1 like listening to music very much and every day I read some newspapers as welL（习惯性动作用一般现 在时）（误）1 dont know I should do what.（正）1 don,t know what J should do.2.句子没有谓语动词或一个句子中出现多个谓语。（误）The windows broken.（ZE）The windows broke.（ZE）The windows are （were）broken.（
24、误）Today, the largest number of people speak English may be in China.（正）Today, the largest number of people who speak English may be in China.（jE）Today, the largest number of people speaking English may be in China.3.动词的时态、语态及系动词be随意乱用。（误）Recently, the CCTV and some TVs began to take some measures.（正
25、）Recently, the CCTV and some TVs have begue to take some measures.（误）She liked it very much and reads it to the class.（lE）She liked it very much and read it to the class.（误）People were used to believe that the earth was flat.（正）People used to believe that the earth was flat.（误）0ur village hasaken pl
26、ace great changes.(误)Great changes have been taken place in our village.(iE)Great changes have taken place in our village.【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句 子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution,从句谓语动词应 使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。2. 2017江苏卷31 .Hes been informed that he for the scholarshi
27、p because of his academic background.A. hasnt qualified B. hadnt qualified C. doesnt qualify D. wasnt qualifying【答案】c【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth达标，获得参赛资格。由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，故选C。【考点总结】1 .主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time等时间状语。2 .表示客观规
28、律、事实和永恒真理。3 .在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day 等； 条件：if, unless, provided, so/as long as 等。4 .用于here, there开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。考点二一般过去时【典例】【练习中感悟规律】2020海南卷Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments,
29、 what the doctors(tell) you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know.【答案】told【解析】考查一般过去时。你的病史就是你的疾病、治疗、医生告诉过你做的事以及你认为你的医生应该 知道的其他任何事情的清单。根据句意可知，医生曾经告诉你做的事情是病史的一部分。故用一般过去时， 故填toldo2021 八省 1 月联考On a normal Sunday, I went to the barber shop where I always (go).【答案】went【解析】考查动词时态。在一个普通
30、的星期天，我去了我经常去的理发店。根据前面的went可知，此处指 过去常去的理发店。本题不要被always误导。故填went。【变式】.(黑龙江牡丹江一中高三开学考试)It was not until I began to work that how much time I had wasted.A. did I realizeB. didnt I realizeC I realizeD. I realized【答案】D【解析】考查时态，句意：直到我开始工作，我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。本句为强调句式，根据was not until I began to work可知，that之后的句子为一般
31、过去时。故选D项。1 .(江苏高三三模)Luckily, the loss great; otherwise, our company would have closed down.A. isntB. hadn9t been C. hasnt been D. wasnt【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句意：幸运的是，损失并不大；否则，我们公司早就倒闭了。根据标志词otherwise 和 our company would have closed down 可知，our company would have closed down 使用 了 含蓄虚拟语气， 表示与过去事实相反。前面说“损失不大”
32、，这是描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。故选D。【考点总结】.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time 等。1 .表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。2 .表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。3 .在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。考点三一般将来时【典例】【练习中感悟规律】2021 安徽省皖江名校联盟高三第一次联考To see exactly how
33、puberty (青春期)(change) a dogs behavior, Asher and her team monitored 70 dogs of different kinds being raised at the present time as potential guide dogs.【答案】will change【解析】考查动词时态。为了确切地了解青春期会如何改变狗的行为，Asher和她的团队观察了目前被养作 导盲犬的70只不同种类的狗。此处表示将来发生的动作应用一般将来时。故填will change。212021 浙江 1 月卷If there are three lin
34、es in the store, delays (happen) randomly at different registers.【答案】will happen【解析】考查动词时态。如果杂货店中有三列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生。根据前面的条件状 语从句可知，主句用一般将来时。故填will happen。【变式】【20154匕京】30. Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I him later.A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling【答案】
35、A【解析】句意：Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。【考点总结】1 .将来时的构成为“will/shall/be going to+动词原形”表示一个将要发生的动作或状态。2 . will, shall表示将来，有时含偶然性、临时性决定的意思。3 . be to do和“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算要做某事，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在 的迹象对未来进行推断。4 .“祈使句+ and/or+句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。5 .某些动词的一般现在时可
36、以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、 电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。6 .“be doing”表示近期的出行安排或事情即将发生，此结构中的动词一般为位置移动动词。 考点四现在进行时【典例】【练习中感悟规律】2021八省 1 月联考Apps (short for applications) (become) increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason.【答案】are becoming【解析】考查动词时态。目前应用程序有充分的理由越来越流行。根据句中的increasingly可知，此处表达 的是一个动态的过程，
37、意为：越来越。故用现在进行时。故填are becoming。【变式】.【江苏省徐州市 2021 届高三上学期期中】“When you see the stars and auroras in the night sky, you have a feeling that universe 44. (talk) to you. The South Pole shaped me and it has become more than the name of a place for me. It is a distant home.【答案】is talking【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当你看到夜空中
38、的星星和极光时，你会有一种宇宙正在对你说话的感觉。 从句中表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，且主语为universe,谓语动词应用单数。故填is talking。1 .【江苏省苏州市2021届八校联盟高三第一次适应性检测】Three projects 41. (compete) to build a moon lander that will transport two astronauts to the moon from the Orion spaceship. The competitors are all private companies, Blue Origin, SpaceX a
39、nd Dynetics.【答案】are competing【解析】考查动词时态，句意：三个项目正在竞争建造一个月球着陆器，这个着陆器将把两名宇航员从猎 户座飞船送到月球。根据语境可知，此处表示现在正在发生的事情，应使用现在进行时。故填are competingo【考点总结】1 .现在进行时的构成为“am/is/are+ doing”。表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事，虽然此时动作不 一定正在进行，常与these days, this week等时间状语连用。2 .现在进行时还可表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作，这类动词主要有go, come, leave, stay, start, arriv
40、e, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do 等。3 .表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time 等连用。考点五过去进行时【典例】【练习中感悟规律】2021 届江苏省南京市高三学情调研】Michael Todd was found in the same clothes every day. When the other kids began to notice that he 36, （wear）the same bl
41、ack pants and blue shirt day after day, Todd, a freshman at a high school in Memphis, became the target of offensive remarks and laughter.【答案】 was wearing/wore【解析】考查时态。句意：当其他孩子开始注意到他日复一日地穿同样的黑裤子和蓝衬衫时，托德，这位 孟菲斯一所高中的新生，就成了人们攻击和嘲笑的对象。根据上一句Michael Todd was found.的时态可知， 文章叙述的是过去的事情，应该用过去时态；此处可以用过去进行时was/
42、were doing,表示过去某一阶段正 在进行的动作；也可以用一般过去时；wear是不规则动词，过去式为wore。故填was wearing/wore。【变式】.（江苏海安金陵中学高三三模）She someone, so I nodded to her and went away.A. phonedB. had phonedC. was phoningD. has phoned【答案】c【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：她当时正在给某个人打电话，所以我向她点点头，就走开了。从逗号后 内容可以看出，“我”走开是因为她在打电话,表示当“我”看到她的时候正在发生的事情,再根据句中的nodded 和we
43、nt可知应该用过去进行时，答案选C项。2.（江苏高三三模）He must have sensed that I him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, Why areyou staring at me like that?”A. would look at B. looked atC. was looking at D. am looking at【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意。他一定感觉到我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，平静地说：“你为什么那样盯着 我看？ ”因为must have done这一结构是对过去动作的推测，表示“当时一定做
44、sensed后是that引导的宾语从句，由于主句是过去的动作，所以从句应该用过去的相应时态，由sensed可知，动作正在发生， 故用过去进行时。故选C项。【考点总结】.过去进行时的构成为“was/were+doing。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。1 .表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave, start, arrive, go, come 等 o.表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行。考点六将来进行时【典例】【练习中感悟规律】I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I (fly)
45、 to Shanghai.【答案】will be flying【解析】考查将来进行时。句意：我觉得特别兴奋！明天上午这个时候我就要飞往上海了。根据Atthistime tomorrow morning可知，明天早上的这个时刻，我在做什么，用将来进行时。故填will be flying。【变式】The places of interest in Xian attract my family all the time, and I hope we(enjoy) ourselves this time next year.【答案】will be enjoying【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：西安的名
46、胜古迹一直吸引着我们一家人，我希望明年的这个时候我们正 玩得愉快。根据时间状语this time next year可知，此处填will be enjoyingo(2020江苏南通高三三模)一Ill attend your lecture after I finish my class tomorrow.一Im afraid by then I will have concluded my lecture and my guests in my office.A. meetB. have metC. will be meeting D. am meeting【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态。句意
47、:明天我一下课就来听你的讲座。恐怕届时我的讲座将早已经结束 了，而那时我将正在办公室会见我的客人们。按照语境及前半句的将来完成时的提示，此处应用将来进行 时.，表示在将来某一时刻或某一阶段内将要发生的动作。故选C。1. (2020江苏南京高三其彳也)Hopefully, Chinas economic power is likely to increase in the years to come.Well, trust me, more and more foreigners employment here.A. seekB. are seekingC. will have sought D. will be seeking【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：希望中国的经济实力在未来几年有望增强。嗯，相信我，会有越来越 多的外国人来这里找工作。根据句中时间状语in the years to come可知用将来时态，这里表示“越多的外国 人来这里找工作”这一动作要在将来某一时间开始，并且一直持续下去。所以用将来进行时态。故选D。【考点总结】将来进行时的构成为“will+be+doing”。表示将来某一时刻或阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。