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1、一长城(The Great Wall)The Great Wa I I i s one of the wonders of the wor I d that created by human beings! I f you come to Ch i na without climb ing the Great Wall, its just Ii ke goi ng Par i s without visiting the Eiffel T owe r; or going to Egypt wi thout visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, *He wh
2、o doest not reach the Great Wa I I i s not a true man. In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall* untiI the Qin Dynasty. However, the waI I we see today, start ing from Shanhaiguan Pass i n the east to J iayunguan Pass in
3、the west, was most Iy built dur i ng the Ming Dynasty.长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃 及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉，”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一 中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城一一东起山海关，西至嘉峪关一一大局部都是在明代修建的。饺子(Dumpl ings)Dump I i ngs are one of the Chi nese peop Ie s favor i te trad i t i ona I d
4、 i shes. Accord i ng to an anc i ent Ch i nese I egend, dumplings were first made by the med ical sa intZhang Zhongj i ng. There are three steps involved i n mak ingdump I i ngs : 1) make dump I i ng wrappers out of dump I i ng f I our ; 2) prepare the dump I i ng stuff ing; 3) make dump I i ngs and
5、 boi I them. With thin and e I ast ic dough sk i n. fresh and tender stuffing, de I icious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eat i ng hundreds of times. There1 s an old saying that claims. 41 Noth i ng could be more de Iicious than dump Ii ngsM . Dur ing the Spr i ng Fest ivaI and other
6、ho Ii days, or when treat i ng relat ives and fr i endsv Chinese people I i ke to fol low the auspi ci ous custom of eat i ng dump Ii ngs. To Chi nese peopIe who show h igh reverence for family Iove, having dump Ii ngs at the moment the old year i s replaced by the new is an assent i a I part of bid
7、ding farewelI to the old and usher i ng i n the new year.饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景创造。饺子的制作是包括：D擀皮、2)备馅、3)包 馅水煮三个步骤，其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语.中国人接亲 待客, 逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞 旧迎新必不可少的内容。三. 筷子 (Chinese Chopsticks)The Chinese way of eat i ng wi th chopsticks i
8、s unique in the world. The recorded hi story of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They Iook deceptively simple to use. but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up. raking, stirring, scooping, poking
9、, tear ing, and so on. Chopst icks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary peopIe i n ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to i ndicate a b less ing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Uni ike us i ng a kn
10、i fe and fork or one1 s own hands, a pair of chopsticks a I so imp I ies the meaning of “Harmony i s what matters” . Chopst icks arc highly praised by Westerners as a halImark of ancient or iental civiIization.中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但 却同时具有夹 拨 挑、扒、拌 撮 戳 师等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之
11、物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵 子的祝福等，与使用刀叉以及手抓的 方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵”的意蕴.西方人械举筷子是古老的东 方文明。四.中国功夫(Chinese kung fu)Chinese kung fu. or Chinese martial arts, carr ies traditional Chinese culture i n abundance. It i s a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engag
12、ed with a ser i es of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu i s der ived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony and 4culti vating qi* (otherwise known as nour ishing one,s spirit). Meanwh i I e. it a I so i ncludes thoughts of Taoi sm and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a
13、 long hi story, with multi-var ious sects and many different box i ng sty Ies. and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and i nternaI and externa I training. It contains the ancient great th i nkers, ponder ins of I ife and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by
14、the Iater generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow box i ng (Ta i j iquan), form and will box i ng (X i ngy i quan). e i ght tr igram pa Im (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, a
15、xes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体自工程，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化.其核 心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想.中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并 济 内外兼修，蕴含假设先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟.后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八 卦掌等；能械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等.汉字(Chinese characters)Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pict
16、ures used to help people remember things. After a long per i od of development, i t final ly became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The wr i t i ng system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began w i th inscr iptions on bo
17、nes and tortoise she I Is, and these are regarded as the or i gi naI forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards. Chinese characters went through numerous cal Iigraphic styles: bronze i nscr iptions. official scr i pt. regular scr ipt, cursi ve script, running scr i pt. etc. Chinese characters are usuaI
18、ly round outside and square i ns ide. which is rooted in ancient Chinese be Iiefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are (the hor i zonta I stroke) | (the verticalstroke), * / * (the I eft-fa 11 i ng stroke). (the r i ght-f a I I i ng stroke), a
19、nd “乙”(the turning stroke).汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演变开展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字.现存中国古代最 早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、亲书、楷书、草书, 行书等不同的阶段。 汉字结构“外圆内方u, 源于古人”天圆地方”的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横 竖 胤, 捺 折。六.秧歌舞(Yangko)Yangko i s one of tradition folk dance of Han i n Ch i na. 11 i s usuaI Iy performed i n northern prov
20、i nces. The dancers usuaIly wear colorful and Iight costumes, and the performance i s powerful and rapid. Dur i ng some fest i vaIs such as Spr ing Fest i va I, Lantein Fest i vaI. i f people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how co I d the weather i s , they wi I I come to street and appre
21、ci ate the Yangko. Recent years, the old peopIe i n c i ty of cast-northern of China organi zed the team of Yangko by themscIves, the teamers keep the i r hcaI th by dancing Yangko the whole year.秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演，秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动 作有力迅速。在农历春节, 元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到侈鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上
22、看秧 歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也 乐在其中。七.针灸(Acupuncture)Acupuncture i s an important part of tradi t i onaI Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the umain and collateraI channeIsn theory in TCM. the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channeI and regulate qi and blood
23、, so as to keep the body, s y i n and yang ba I anced and achieve reconci I i at ion between the i nterna I organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that u interna I d i seases are to be treated with external therapy1, . The main therapy of acupuncture i nvol ves using needles to pierce c
24、erta i n acupoints of the patient1 s body, or adopt ing mox ibust ion to stimulate the pat ientt s acupoints so as to st imu I ate the channeIs and relieve pa i n. With i ts un ique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generat ion after generat i on and has now spread a I I over the worId. N
25、owadays, acupuncture, a long with Chi nese food, kung fu (otherwi se known as Chi nese martial arts). and trad i t i onaI Chinese medicine, has been internationally ha iled as one of the “four new national treasures.n针灸是中医学的重要组成局部。按照中医的经络理论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来到达阴阳归于平衡， 使脏胸趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针
26、刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温淤刺激烧灼 病人的穴位，以到达刺激经络：治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐，功夫、中 药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。八.中国龙(Chinese Dragon)Dragon totem worshi p in Chi na has been around for the last 8.000 years. The anc ients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, sn
27、ake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, Ii ghtn i ng and other naturaI ceIest i a I phenomena. The Ch i nese dragon was formed i n accordance w i th the mult iculturaI fus i on process of the Chi nese nat ion. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovat i on and cohes ion.对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古
28、人将鱼、蛇、马、 牛等动物与云雾, 雷电等自然天象集合 而成的一种神物。 中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有掇奋腑飞、开拓变化的 寓意和团结凝聚的精神，九.中国印章(Chinese Seal)A sea I can a I so be def i ned as a stamp. Both the Ch inese off i ci a I and pr i vate sea I of var ious dynast i es have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, I ease
29、and others. The sea I s used by the emperors of anc i ent Ch i na were called x i. yin. bao, etc. Accord i ng to h i stor i ca I records, seals were widely used during the Warr ing States Per iod (475BC-221BC). The mak i ng of a sea I i s to engrave fonts, such as sea I characters and official scr i
30、 pt and so on; or images i n the form of intaglio and embossment into the sea I. basics Ily shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermi I ion over lay. the Chinese sea I i s not on I y used in dai ly I i fe, but i t i s a I so used to represent s i gnatures on pa int i ngs and caI Iigraphies. 11
31、 i s graduaIly becoming one of China s unique artworks.印多就是图金。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、 印、宝、堂等。据史料记载，印堂在战国时代已普遍使用。印堂的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成， 形状以图、方为主。印堂用朱色 衿盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。京剧(ChinesePra i sed as “Oriental Opera” , Beijing Opera i s a genu ine nat i onaI qui n
32、tessence of China. 11 or i g i nated from many k i nds of ancient local operas, especially hu iban i n southern Chi na. At the end of the 19th Century.Be i j i ng Opera evoIved and took shape, becomi ng the greatest k i nd of opera i n Chi na. Bei j i ng Opera i s a b lend of perform!ng artssong, sp
33、eech, performance, acrobat i x f i ght i ng and dance. Beijing Opera portrays andnarrates the p lot and characters through sty Ii zed act i ng. The ma i n types of roIes i n Beijing Opera are sheng(ma Ie), dan (young femaIe), j i ng (pa i nted face. male), and chou ( clown, ma Ie or femaIe).京剧被誉为“东方
34、歌剧”， 是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“微班”。到了 19 世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念念白） 做（表演）、打 （武）、舞（舞箱为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，表达故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净 （男性） 丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。H.中国成语(Chinese Idioms)Chi nese i d i oms refer to comprehensi ve and integrated f i xed phrases and express ions. Id ioms are esta
35、b Ii shed and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a Ianguage unit that is Iarger than a word, but has the same grammat ica I f unct ion as a word. Most Ch i nese i d i oms cons i st of four character s. For examp I e, z iq iangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneseI
36、f), q i ngchuyuI an (bIuer than i nd i go), and houj ibofa (success comes with time and effort). Id i oms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, a Ilus i ons. and we I I-known sayings. Id ioms are a part of the Chinese language that are cone i se and have great
37、vi taIi ty.中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语 法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、有出于蓝、厚积薄发)成语主 要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歆、寓言、典故、名言瞥句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又它有生命力的一 局部。十二.丝绸(Silk)Ch i na is the home of s i Ik. Mu Iberry p I ant i ng. ser icul tore, silk ree I i ng and th i cken i ng are a I I g
38、reat i nvent i ons of the anc ient Ch i nese. As ear Iy as the Shang and Zhou Dynast i es (1600BC-256BC), the Ch i nese people s s iIk-wcav ing techniques had reached an extreme Iy high level. Dur i ng the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Q i an. an outstand i ng diplomat, travoI Ied around c
39、entra I As i a and connected Ch i na wi th the Pers ian Gu I f and the Med i terrancan. open i ng up a new era of Si no-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, China s silk became we I I known for i ts extraord i nary qua I i ty. exqu i s i te des i gn and color, and abundant cu I t
40、urc connotat i ons. H i therto. Ch i nese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Ch i nese cu I turc and the emi ssary of or iental civilizat ion.中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑,养蚕 缄丝 织绸是中国古代人民的伟大创造。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已开展到相当高 的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾 地中海紫密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸 以其卓越的品质,精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。I三.中国
41、BB林(Ch i nese Class icaI Garden)The Chinese classical garden i $ a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a k i nd of env i ronment art. which systematically comb i nes artificial mounta i ns and r i vers, plants and buiId i ngs with the natural landscape. The construction stan
42、dard of a Chinese classical garden i s “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural. n When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classicaI garden, you should be able to appreciate its art i st ic concept which “makes use of the natura I landscape to create the rea I fun of mountains a
43、nd r i vers for viewers. n Of the world s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hai led as one of the origins of the world s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝.其建造原那么是 “妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林
44、意境.在世界三大园林 体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。(The Four Treasures of the Study)The wr i ti ng brush, ink stick, i nk stone, and paper were requi s i te treasures i n the study of the scholars of anci ent Ch i na( and they are often refer red to as the uFour Treasures of the Study. M The wr i ting brus
45、h and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5.000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC206BC). people al ready used feathers of di fferent hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. Dur ing the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD). man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After
46、paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which original Iy functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was fi rst developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty (960AD1279AD), the uFour Treasure of the Study
47、particularly referred to hubi. the writing brush produced in Huzhou. Zhej iang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced i n Xuanzhou. Anhu i province; and duanyan. the i nk stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was ear Ii
48、er cal led Duanzhou). Indeed. the Four Treasures of the Study11 have wr i tt in the whole Chinese civilization. as i t is.笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时 已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然矍；有了纸张以后，简牍锦用逐失其用；砚台那么随笔墨的使 用而开展。 “文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖里, 徽墨、宣纸 端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。中国印章（Chin-，Seal）A sea
49、I can a I so be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private sea I of var ious dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The sea I s used by the emperors of anc i ent Ch i na were called x i. yin. bao. etc. Accord i ng to h i stor i ca I records, seals were widely used during the Warr ing States Per iod (475BC-221BC). The mak i ng of a sea I i s to engrave fonts, such as sea I characters and official script and so on; or images in