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1、外国留学申请法国留学申请书格式外国留学申请法国留学申请书格式Dear_,A fourth-year student grounded solidly in the basics of computer science, I am writing in pursuit of graduate studies that I hope can help me acquire cutting-edge expertise in software programming in general and parallel processing in particular.Intrigued by the p
2、ower of the computer since high school, I have been trying to stay on top of the computer science by concentrating my undergraduate studies on those subjects that underpin the discipline, particularly mathematics and electronics. To build up my solid knowledge in these subjects, I have taken virtual
3、ly all the related courses that the university has had to offer. These courses include Algorithm & Data Structure, Mathematical Modeling, Network Theory, Digital Circuit, Discrete Mathematics, and Electric Circuit. With a sophisticated understanding in these areas, I have been well positioned to app
4、reciate the basic theories of computer science and their applications to software development.Aided by the firm command of the basics, I have found it not only 1easy but also exciting to study the various subjects covered by my major. As most of my classmates, I took a variety of courses ranging fro
5、m Al to Computer Network, from Al Programming to Knowledge Engineering, from Pattern Recognition to Software Engineering, and from Database Design to Programming Language Design. But I distinguished myself by my academic record, which places me as one of the very top students in my class. My grades
6、in these course never went below A or B. I have also stood out as one of the few who have taught themselves Real Time System and Computer Graphics.Armed with sound training in the basic theories and applied technologies, I have been able to move on into deeper and wider areas of computer science. Ea
7、rly in my university life, I began to understand that the modern computers base, the Turing machine, was reaching its limits in Al. Gradually, I have narrowed down my research interest to parallel & distributive computing, which I understand can significantly boost the performance of personal comput
8、ers by giving them some of the functions of mainframe computers.Of all the areas of computer science, parallel processing fascinates me the most. The term first came to me when I read the book Computer Organization & Design: the Hardwaresoftware Interface as part of my Computer Architecture course.
9、By teaching me how the performance of computers can be improved through pipelining and parallel processing, the book reshaped my thinking in computer science.My lab experience deepened my understanding of parallel processing. In my third year, I worked on a GIFT project with Dr. Komatsu, chief resea
10、rcher of IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory and Dr. Koseki, one of Dr. Komatsufs colleagues. The project was to introduce the architecture supports that can allow compilers to derive more parallelism from programs. These architecture supports include three designs, a conditional execution mechanism to ex
11、ecute instructions without normal conditional jump instructions, speculative execution mechanism, and a dynamic memory disambiguation mechanism to execute memory access instructions simultaneously.As undergraduate students seldom get to be involved in actual research, I took full advantage of the op
12、portunity of working in the lab. I particularly enjoyed the seminars held twice a week as part of the lab work. At these seminars, I engaged in in-depth discussions with Masters students under Dr. Komatsus seasoned guidance. The lab experience is adding weight and insights to my graduation paper An
13、Improvement of Software pipelining using Loop Transformations. In this paper, I will introduce a translation algorithm using loop interchange and loop skewing. This algorithm can minimize the initiation interval of loop nest to improve the performance of software pipelining.Through my lab experience
14、 and other research, I have developed a long-term professional objective: the advancement of the parallel processing technology. While I have strong faith in this technology, I also know its limitations as it is today. Some sequential algorithms cant be easily translated into fast parallel algorithm
15、s and most compilers can only distribute works on one platform. Another unsettled problem is that programming parallel computers is now still a manual work. But even the modern language (like Java, C+) can do some automatic translation work. If a compiler can be developed to translate and distribute
16、 work into different platforms, personal computers will be able to work like mainframe computers at a fraction of the mainframes1 costs. This will make it possible to connect all the computers in the world and speed up all the processes.To help take the parallel processing technology beyond what is
17、capable of today, I have to undertake more advanced studies. This, I believe, can only be accomplished in a quality graduate program like yours. I plan to pursue a masters degree with a concentration on paralleling and distributing compilers, operating systems or computer networks, a combination the
18、reof. With the training that goes into such an advanced degree, I think I will be able to take great strides towards fulfilling my professional objective. When I do, I think I will be standing on the cutting-edge of the computer science.Yours sincerely,法国留学住宿类型解读一、大学生公寓在法国，设在大学校园内或市内的大学生公寓均由大区大学及 学校
19、事务管理中心(CROUS)负责进行管理。公寓内设10至12平方 米带家俱和盥洗设备的单人房间，厕所和淋浴为楼层公用。公共设施 还囊括：公用小厨房、工作和会议室等。某些公寓还提供一些特殊服 务，例如：公共局部的清扫、提供床单、常驻保安看守，等等。这类 住所的平均租金在每月120至300欧元之间。这些住房按照学生社会条件进行分配。获得公立大学生公寓的 住房名额特别困难，尤其是在巴黎。因为这些住房名额通常优先为奖 学金享受者预留。对于外国留学生，那么优先分配给法国政府奖学金享 受者。二、私营大学生公寓这类专供大学生租用的私营公寓分布于法国各大城市。为弥补 公立大学公寓住房的缺乏，最近几年来，法国的私
20、营大学生公寓得到 了很快的开展。私营大学生公寓通常提供带家俱和设备的单间套房 (Studio);内设简易厨房，视情况可配带餐具;公用设施囊括：咖啡厅、 电视室、会议室、复印室、自动洗衣房，等等。这些单间套房根据适 用于私营部门的租赁法规出租;须签订租约并按要求缴纳押金。如在 离开住房时，房屋设施保持搬入时的原样状况，那么可退还押金。在某些私营大学生公寓，电费由学生自付，并且如果居住时间 至少超过一年时，还须缴纳居住税。这类住房的月租金巴黎约需5905至686欧元，外省400至686欧元。三、私人住宅租用这类私人住宅，即使是带家俱房间或单间套房，通常要求 出示父母担保书，以保证如期支付房租。一般
21、来说，房东对房客的经 济收入有严格的要求，即申报的收入必须至少是房租的四倍。房主可 要求房客出示最近几个月的工资单或最近一两年的年收入申报单。如 果需要有人作担保的话，担保人的收入必须至少高于房租六至八倍。这类住房通常需要通过物业中介管理公司寻找;也可通过报刊 广告直接向房主租用。遵照法国的习惯，房租由两个局部组成：一是 归属房主的住房租金，另一局部称作杂费负担(Charges),主要用 于支付日常公共开支，例如：信件、门房、楼房公共局部的清洁清扫， 等等。杂费金额视住房大小和楼房档次而不同。学生住房的杂费大概 在每月50欧元左右。在租房广告中，如有缩写注明CC，也即charges compr
22、ises,其意思是所列的房租中已经包含了杂费;否那么，还应另 加杂费。为谨慎起见，应随时询问房东或房产经纪公司房租是否包含 杂费。四、家庭寄宿所谓家庭寄宿，也就是在私人家庭里租用一间带家俱的房间， 和房东家庭一起生活。这种方式对于短期居留者尤其合适;对留学生 来说，也不失为一解决住房的方式。寄宿也可有几种不同的形式，例 如，包早餐，或者允许使用房东家庭的厨房，等等。房东对房客在担 保以及缴纳房租方面的要求也会因人而异。这种家庭寄宿的租金在巴 黎大概每月在800至1050欧元之间，外省价格可以减半。这种住房 的缺陷当然是独立性受到限制，例如，在声音、在接待朋友等方面。五、旅馆旅馆住宿由于价格昂贵
23、，至少每晚在48欧元左右，所以只能是 临时的权宜之计。值得了解的是，在法国，某些旅馆实行递减价格制， 对连续居住一个月以上的客人采用优惠价格。法国艺术研究生留学费用一、学费在法国大多数的公立学校是不需要学生交学费的，但是现在法 国公立学校的注册费也是不低的，法国的艺术研究生所需要交的注册 费是3800欧元（29665元）一年，而在法国非公立学校学习艺术研究生 课程的学费是比拟贵的4000-15000欧元（31227元-117102元）一年。二、生活费住宿费：法国的艺术院校也给在这里读书的学生提供了学生宿 舍，但是学校的宿舍是没有太多的，校内宿舍的住宿费是110-150欧 元（858元-1171
24、元）一个月左右，在法国读书的国外学生很多都是住在 校外的公寓，通常在巴黎租一间带卫生间的公寓费用是400-600欧元 （3122元-4684元）一个月，如果是在法国其他城市租这种类型的公寓 是比拟廉价的200-350欧元（1561元-2732元）一个月。伙食费：在法国读书每月的饮食费平均是在200欧元（1561元） 左右，如果平时都是在法国学校的食堂吃饭花销是144欧元（1124元） 一个月,如果是在外面用餐最低的花销是390欧元（3044元）一个月。7很多同学都是几个人租一套房子，平时都是自己做饭能省下不少钱。医保费：在法国读书如果超过4个月的学生是必须要交医保费 的，法国的医保费每年要交100-800欧元（780元-6245元）不等。交通费：不管是去上学还是平常出去玩都要坐车的话，交通费 也是每个月都少不了的，学生通常都会买月票45欧元（351元）要比单 程票价格少一点。通讯费：在国外读书的同学经常跟国内的家人联系手机话费是 不能少的20欧元（156元）一个月，大致算下来在法国的花费要花240 欧元（1873元）左右一年。法语学习费用：法国的很多专业都是使用法语来教学的，国外 的学生想要申请这类课程就需要先学习法语，如果是在法国的语言班 学习法语，每个小时收取的费用是4-8欧元（31元-62元）不等。