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1、2022年南京工程学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Sagan was noted for the vigour of his logic style, especially when criticizing some piece of pseudoscience （伪科学）.I remembered a 1973 AAAS meeting at which he destroyed the theories of Immanuel Velikovsky, who was maintaining that only a few thousands of
2、years ago, Venus had repeatedly collided with Earth and Mars; events well noted. Velikovsky said, in the bible.In Sagans opinion, Velikovsky might be.A、a member of the National Academy of ScienceB、a pseudo-scientistC、a science populariserD、a reporter【正确答案】B【答案解析】从这段文字中，我们可以了解到作者认为，Sagan与伪科学作斗争 的一个实例
3、就是Sagan摧毁了 Velikovsky的错误论述，即Velikovsky提出,在过 去几千年中，水星与地球和火星反复屡次相撞，这在圣经中有加载。第2题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. However, most parents dont hav
4、e the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education.A、 Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children. B、A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school.第21题【单项选择题】2
5、009.10 Youd better leave things if you dont know how to deal withthem.A、offB、outC、aloneD、 over【正确答案】c【答案解析】【译文】如果你不知道如何处理这些事情，你最好把它们放在一边。【试题分析】此题考查词意区分。【详细解答】A离开，离去 B不在里 面，出局 C单独的（地） D完结，翻倒，越过第22题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every
6、 school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. That is at least as important as how much we know.A、 Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.B、 He keeps looking over the other persons shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more
7、interesting in another part of the room.C、Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes.D、In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.【正确答案】D【答案解析】后句中的代词we在D中才有呼应的代词，而且在文章最后出现观 点句是通常论述文的开展特点，因此判断D正确。10第2
8、3题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】 Marian, the girl who wrote the original story about Roxaboxen that the childrens book is based on, was mayor. Other kids ran the stores which sold imaginary ice cream and baked goods. Kids drove imaginary cars outside of town, and the speeders went to jail, which was guarded by the s
9、heriff, another kid. Elsewhere, boys and girls had battles, charging each others bases using spears made with ocotillo, a desert plant. Who is Marian?A、She is the author.B、She sold ice cream in Roxaboxen.C、She is the mayor of Roxaboxen in the book.D、She guards the jail in the book.【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选c。
10、事实细节题。根据关键词锁定短文本段。本段第一句话 给出了正确答案，Marian是最先写这个故事的人，但是并不是这本书的作者。 而且是这本书中那个小镇的镇长。第24题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Though little research has been carried out about how exactly the sunspot will negatively harm the health of the people. So, scientists warn that people going outdoors should be careful to protect their ex
11、posed skin and eyes with clothes, umbrellas and sunglasses from the strong sunlight rich in ultraviolet rays.A、Ionosphere is high above the earth.C、 If the lights in your house keep flickering, blame frequent sunspots.C、According to a research conducted by the Russian scientists from 1957 to 1960, t
12、he frequency of earthquakes can be linked to the movement of the sunspots.D、A paper published by a North Korea observatory says that sun storms may cause an increase in the incidence of heart disease and skin disease.【正确答案】D11【答案解析】这一段说的是太阳黑子对人类健康的影响。填入的内容也应该与健 康有关，空格后一句说到要保护皮肤。因此D是正确的。第25题【单项选择题】【填
13、句补文】All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today.A、Critics also say that most parents are
14、 not well qualified to teach their children. B、In some countries, however, children are educated by their parents.D、 Learning starts with the childrens interests and questions.D、Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolers.【正确答案】D【答案解析】后文出现了 home-schoolers,根据选项，这里应该是对这个词的定 义，因此选D。第2
15、6题【单项选择题】2008.04 The cloth had a natural look which perfectly the image Laurasought.A、turned outB、set downC、thought overD、coincided with【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查短语意义辨析。这块布料看起来很自然，与劳拉寻找的样 式完全相符。A.关闭；B.制定、放下；D.与相同、与相符。第27题【单项选择题】122009.10 The profit-sharing plan is designed to the staff to work hard.A、calcula
16、teB、demonstrateC、speculateD、motivate【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词语辨析。【译文】利润共享计划目的是激发员工努力工 作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示 C思索、推测 D激励、激发第28题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Posture. A good posture makes you feel better about yourself., This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.A、If you are fee
17、ling down, you normally dont sit straight, with your shoulders inwards.B、Body language is a broad term for several forms of communication using body movements or gestures.C、 Body language differs from culture to culture.D、If you are at interviews, try to keep them still.【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段讲的是身体姿势。填充句后一个
18、句子提到this”会使呼吸更加 困难，this显然指的是一种不太好的身体姿势，因此此题答案为A。第29题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.Q: To solve the problem of dry mouths, one is ad
19、vised to take cool milk.A、True13B、FalseC Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo文章说到：Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat.防止喝牛奶和奶油饮料。第30题【单项选择题】【完成句子】As the sunflowers grow, put a hay fence around them for protection and stake if necessary. Plant morning glories or sweet peas around the base of ea
20、ch sunflower, and they will grow up the stems, eventually forming a roof over the top. By summers end, kids will have a sunflower house to play in.When autumn comes, children can.A、seed lots of sunflowersB、play games in the sunflower houseC、include plants with animal namesD、find their own playing se
21、ction【正确答案】B【答案解析】段落最后一句是答案的出处，By summers end夏天结束的时候实 际上就是When autumn comes”秋天来临的时候。答案选择B。第31题【单项选择题】【概括大意】The charming smiles and service from the sales ladies and gentlemen are always there ready for you. More often than not （往往）,on such occasions newcomers from elsewhere, say, China mainland, may
22、 feel something more than mere uneasiness-even a sense of guilt if they do not buy something from the shop. For some local old-timers （老前辈， 老人）,especially the teenagers, they feel quite at home with all these. Some of them think it is no good to be the God; sometimes they would rather be a shoplifte
23、r. The main idea of this paragraph is.A、 Hong Kong is worthy of its reputation as a business center of the world.14B、 It is uneasy to be offered smiles and services.C Shopping or window-shopping here, you can really feel the meaning of The Customer is the God !D Shoplifting has been a frequent crimi
24、nal offence.【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段强调的是这里“顾客是上帝的这种理念和气氛。因此选择C。第32题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes. . The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53, 0
25、00 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.A、The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.C、 In the United States, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.C、This smoke is calle
26、d secondhand smoke.D、 No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer.【正确答案】c【答案解析】前一句提到，不吸烟者时常吸入他人香烟中冒出的烟，接下来应首 选对此烟加以定义的句子。第33题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion （拥 挤），gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8
27、.33 points out of 10.Q.: Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.A、TrueB、False15C、Not Given【正确答案】A答案解析答案选A。问题句说爱尔兰的生活费用高o该段说“尽管气候恶劣， 健康机构混乱，交通拥挤，性别歧视仍然存在，生活费用高，爱尔兰所获得的分 数仍然给人留下了深刻的印象：总分值为十分，爱尔兰获得了 8.33分。根据这个 句子的内容可以知道爱尔兰的生活费用高，因此问题句的说法与原文的说法一 致。第34题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】It was also in the 1600s that profess
28、ional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer s
29、imply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.An important influence in early ballet was.A、BalanchineB、Marie AntoinetteC、DiaghilevD、Louis XIV【正确答案】D【答案
30、解析】答案选D。细节题。对照原文It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance.这里出现的时间1600s在原文中是比拟早的，提到的人物是 King Louis XIV,选 Do第35题【单项选择题】2008.10 JCountry life is better than city life it offers fresh air and noiseless1
31、6environment.A、in thatB、as thatC、as forD、in which【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查复合句。句意为：乡村生活好过城市生活，因为它空气新 鲜且环境无噪音。in that是复合连接词，只在一定的句式中使用。也可以用作 一个固定词组。A在于，原因是，在方面；C.关于，至于，举例：I like the country better in that it is closer to nature.我更喜欢乡村，因为它更接近自然。第36题【单项选择题】【填句补文】 Although the researchers have only just made the
32、 technical details of the microscope public, it is already on sale. It is currently the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are workingA、to take tiny chips we requireB、to making chips any smallerC、to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and
33、cut the scanning time to 30 secondsD、of conducting electricity【正确答案】c【答案解析】这局部所说的体积的减小和所需时间的缩短恰好与前半句中提到的 冰箱大小的体积和所需数分钟的时间形成了比照。即：目前它大约像冰箱那么大， 而且要用几分钟扫描一个电路，但是他们正在努力使它缩小到台式计算机那么大, 把扫描时间缩短到30秒。第37题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed.17Strong unions keep them t
34、here. In Fleet Street, home of some of Londons biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs the argument is settled by giving each union two. That means 33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained.What happens when disputes over jo
35、b opportunities arise among British unions?A、 Thirty three per cent of the workers will be out of work.B、More jobs will be created by the union.C、More people will be employed than necessary.D、 The unions will try to increase productivity.【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段开头告诉读者”.there are more men than are needed.when
36、 two unions quarrel over three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two,接 下来作者又进一步说明其实质,即它意味着33 per cent over manning, 33 per cent less productivity than could be obtained”。第38题【单项选择题】2008.04 The farming methods have been improved with the invention ofthe new machine.A、efficientlyB pro
37、ficientlyC、professionallyD、intentionally【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查副词词义辨析。句子翻译为：由于新机器的创造，人们已 经高效率地改进了农业耕种方法。A高效率地B熟练地 C职业地、专职地 D故意地、有意地。第39题【单项选择题】【概括大意）Our bodies are estimated to be about 60 to 70% water. Blood is mostly18water; and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed t
38、o regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients （滋养）to travel to all our organs. Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Ounces of Water Needed Per DayB、Importance of WaterC Water in Our Body
39、D、The Function of Water【正确答案】B【答案解析】通过介绍水在我们身体里的含量、水存在身体的那些部位及水的一 些功能来证明水的重要性。因此选择B。第40题【单项选择题】2009.04 This is the first time that a woman has been to the post.A、grantedB、praisedC、pointedD、appointed【正确答案】D【答案解析】译文：这是第一次任命一位妇女担任此职位。试题分析：此题考查 词义辨析。回详细解答：A允许、同意；B表扬、赞扬；C指、指出；D指定、 任命、委任。第41题【单项选择题】2009.7
40、 The house was quiet in the night,the occasional coughing from my throat.A、as forB、such asC instead of19C、Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolers.D、Others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home.【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段大意是对hom
41、e schooling提出了质疑，需要注意前面说到 了critics say”,空格处与之对应的是Critics also say”。第3题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses in the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high win
42、d caused the power to go out in many homes.Q: Power supply system was not damaged during the storm.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。此题可译为：暴风雨中供电系统没遭到破坏。最后一句 说大风和暴雨使一些家庭的供电出现了问题，与题项矛盾，应选B。第4题【单项选择题】2008.10 ICountry life is better than city life it offers fresh air and noiselessenvironment.A、
43、in thatB、as thatC、as forD、in which【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查复合句。句意为：乡村生活好过城市生活，因为它空气新D、except for【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查短语意义区分。译文：除了偶尔我咳嗽一下以外，这所房 子在夜晚非常安静。A至于，关于；B例如；C代替，而不是；D除了.以 外第42题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The acid rain （酸雨）is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also
44、a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced.A、The problem, however, is not just a European one.B、That is enough to have caused some of the ancien
45、t carvings to become seriously damaged already.C、However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.D、 Acid rain is how a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.【正确答案】c【答案解析】前文提到完成这项工作需要很多的钱，答案转折说到
46、了墨西哥没有 这么多的钱去做。两句之间有隐含的逻辑关系。第43题【单项选择题】【完成句子】In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because, British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and ar
47、e more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.Robots are less popular in Britain today partly because.A、too much energy20B、based on American designsC they are too costlyD、they are not reliable【正确答案】c【答案解析】本段第二句就是讲的两个原因，即人们的工资水平太低，也就是没 有能力使机器人发挥出创造财富的作用，言下之意就是本钱高。第二个原因就是 人们逐渐意识到了操纵
48、机器人不是件容易的事情，所以使用率就下降了。所以应 该选C。第44题【单项选择题】【概括大意】The Second World War is perhaps the most catastrophic （灾难性的） event that mankind has ever suffered. The war affected 80 per cent of the worlds people at that time, from 61 countries, and claimed 55 million lives. The main idea of this paragraph is.A、Gloomy WorldB、Worlds Worst DisasterC、The Origin of The Second World WarD、The Time of