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1、2022年南京铁道职业技术学院自考英语（二）练习题汇总（附答案解析）第1题【单项选择题】【2009.01 Children have a natural about the world around them.A、certaintyB、capabilityC、clevernessD、curiosity【正确答案】D【答案解析】句意：孩子们对他们周围的事物有着天然的好奇心。考查名词词义 选择。A确定性，肯定的事；B能力，才能；C精明，聪颖；D好奇心，求知 欲。第2题【单项选择题】【填句补文】There is a difference between science and technology.
2、 . Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniques, and procedures for applying the findings of science.A、Another dis
3、tinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.B、 We are all familiar with the improper use of technology.C、Unlike science, progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor.D、Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is ametho
4、d of solving practical problems.C、must not hurriedD、couldn/t have hurried【正确答案】B【答案解析】needrTt+不定式的完成式”表示做了不必要做的事，意为“本可不 必.第20题【单项选择题】2008.04 New drivers are far more to have accidents than experienceddrivers.A、possibleB、likelyC、probableD、unlikely【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查形容词辨析。句子翻译：新司机比起有经验的老司机出交 通事故的可能性要大得多
5、。A.可能（发生、存在）的；B.有可能be likely to ; C.大概的、可能的;D不可能的 应用举例：Ill do everything possible to help you.我会尽一切可能帮助你。He is likely to arrive a bit late.他有可能会晚到一会 儿。第21题【单项选择题】【填句补文】Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke
6、 from other people/s cigarettes. . The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53, 000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.A、The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke.B、 In the United States, nine m
7、illion children under the age of five live in homes10 with at least one smoker.C This smoke is called secondhand smoke.D、No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer.【正确答案】c【答案解析】前一句提到，不吸烟者时常吸入他人香烟中冒出的烟，接下来应首 选对此烟加以定义的句子。第22题【单项选择题】2010.04 By the end of next year the bridge.A、is to completeB
8、、has been completedC、will be completedD、will have been completed【正确答案】D【答案解析】【译文】到明年年底之前，这座桥修建将完成。【试题分析】此题 考查语法。【详细解答】动词时态。by the end of到时为止；在之前。将来 完成时态，用于表达在将来某时间以前已经完成的动作。第23题【单项选择题】【填句补文】The acid rain （酸雨）is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases ar
9、e also a problem. Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced.A、The problem, however, is not just a European one.B、That is enough to have caused some of the
10、 ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.C、However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.11D、 Acid rain is how a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.【正确答案】c【答案解析】前文提到完成这项工作需要很多
11、的钱，答案转折说到了墨西哥没有 这么多的钱去做。两句之间有隐含的逻辑关系。第24题【单项选择题】2009.04）Tom has done really amazed everyone in his class.A、WhatB、WhichC、ThatD、Who【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查主语从句的引导词的选择。译文：汤姆所做的事情使得他 班里的每个同学都感到吃惊。详细解答：what Tom has done指汤姆所做的事情； B哪一个；C （无词义）；D谁。第25题【单项选择题】The thief took away the womans wallet without.A、being se
12、enB、seeingC、him seeingD、seeing him【正确答案】A【答案解析】without是介词，其后的动词必须用动名词形式。根据句意，此句 需要用被动形式，所以答案是A。第26题【单项选择题】2008.10 It took a few seconds for her eyes to to the darkness.12A、allocateB、 adoptC、applyD、adjust【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查动词词义辨析。【译文】她花了几秒钟时间使眼睛适应黑 暗。【详细解答】A分配，拨出 B收养，过继 C应用，申请 D调 整，使适合第27题【单项选择题】阅读判断】F
13、ive neighbors at a central Missouri retirement community who are all centenarians （百岁老人）get asked all the time： Z/How did you live to be 100?Q: The five centenarians live in a very friendly community.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】c【答案解析】答案选Co题目说的是“这五位百岁老人生活在一个非常友好的社 区”，文章开头局部提到了community（社区），但该句并没有说
14、这五位百岁老人 生活的社区是否是一个友好的社区，因此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有提到。第28题【单项选择题】2007.04 The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its considerably.A、distributionB、contributionC、prescriptionD、circulation【正确答案】D13【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。circulation：（书报杂志的）销售量，发行额, 销路。符合句意。第29题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】When our Neolithic ancestors,
15、 living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken.Q: People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants f
16、or food about 10,000 years ago.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】A【答案解析】答案选Ao利用“10, 000作为答案线索词（因为年代通常是用数字 表示），于是发现有句子提到当生活在约一万年前中东地区的人们发现从某些植 物中可以收获粮食，并且播种后下一个收获季节还能产出更多的粮食时，就迈开 了植物和人类联系的第1大步。第30题【单项选择题】【填句补文】 Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questi
17、ons and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him.A、 This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary.B、 This doesnt necessarily mean that it will go well.C、 Most men and women lead lives tha
18、t are uninteresting.D、Both of you need time to get to know each other.【正确答案】A【答案解析】抓住关键词进行同义替换，也就是afraid,选项中this fear就是对14这种担忧的补充，这种担忧是完全没有必要的，除非被采访者确实是讨厌别人问 自己。第31题【单项选择题】2009.10 Youd better leave things if you dont know how to deal withthem.A、offB、outC、aloneD、 over【正确答案】c【答案解析】【译文】如果你不知道如何处理这些事情，你
19、最好把它们放在一边。【试题分析】此题考查词意区分。【详细解答】A离开，离去 B不在里 面，出局 C单独的（地） D完结，翻倒，越过第32题【单项选择题】2007.04 It is difficult to the implication between the lines.A、get toB、get withC、get atD、get down【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查词组辨析。A.开始，接触；C.找出，发现；D.下来, 写下来。第33题【单项选择题】【I阅读选择】You can/t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make
20、 your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe youre sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually 15staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early
21、in the day, rise before your usual hour. This wont change your cycle, but youll get up steam and work better at your low point.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should.A、change his energy cycleB、overcome his lazinessC、get up earlier than usualD、go to bed earli
22、er【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题要求读者找出本段中的最后两句，并联系本段开头两句的意思, 作出正确判断。本段开头说，“虽然你无法改变自己的能量周期，但你可以使你 的生活适合这一周期。Dr. Kleitman认为经常性的行为（对你的能量周期）能起作 用。”最后两句又说，.rise before your usual hour.work better at your low point. （如果你在上午处于能量的低潮，但你有重要的工作要在上午做，那么 你就要比平时早起。这并不改变你的周期，但你可以在低潮时得到能量，工作得 更好。）因此选项C是正确答案。第34题【单项选择题】2009.7 The
23、house was quiet in the night,the occasional coughing from my throat.A、as forB、such asC、instead ofD、except for【正确答案】D【答案解析】【译文】除了偶尔我咳嗽一下以外，这所房子在夜晚非常安静。【试 题分析】短语意义区分题。【详细解答】A至于，关于；B例如；C代替，而 不是；D除了以外16第35题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】As far as astronomers （天文学家）can determine, the entire universe is built of the same m
24、atter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever th
25、e proper conditions exist.Astronomers believe that matter in different parts of the universeA、obeys different laws.B、obeys one common law.C、obeys the same laws.D、obeys no common law.【正确答案】c【答案解析】答题依据在本段的第二句。科学家没有理由怀疑宇宙中的物质遵循 同一法那么，即他们相信宇宙中不同地方的物质是遵循同一法那么的。第36题【单项选择题】2009.04 If payment is not receive
26、d, legal action will be our only.A、aggressionB、advantageC、alternativeD、ambition【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查词义选择。译文：如果我们收不到付款，那就只好诉诸法 律了。A挑衅、侵犯；B优势、优点；C选择、取舍；D野心、抱负。2、【概括大意】 If you are tired of making vague excuses for another dull summer at home, here is a thought to lift your spirits. You do not need anything
27、 so radical as winning a lottery （彩票）to finance a trip to Europe. A student identity card that can be obtained for a few dollars from the Council on International Educational Exchange17 entitles （给予、授权）you to discount tickets （打折机票）on certain charter flights to London and Paris, as well as reduced a
28、dmission to many museums, cinemas, and musical events. Once in Europe, you can stay at approved youth hostels for about two dollars a night. So dont give up your hopes of becoming an international traveler.The main idea of this paragraph is.A、 It is easy for a student to travel in Europe during the
29、summer.B、 The student needs to obtain an identity card to travel at a cheap rate.C、The student could stay at approved youth hostels for about two dollars a night.D、 The students will become international travelers in summer.【正确答案】A【答案解析】这段话主要讲学生暑假去欧洲的一些优惠来论证学生去欧洲旅行是 很容易的。因此选择A。第37题【单项选择题】【完成句子】The a
30、verage lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several seconds.One form of ligh
31、tning that is ball lightning.A、occurs most infrequentlyB、is shifted sideways by strong windsC、is often hidden from our viewD、is estimated at 20 millions a year【正确答案】A【答案解析】本段文字与题目相关的句子是：Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball., 关键词是 rarest（r
32、are的最高级形式）与infrequently很少发生，少有表达相同的意思。第38题【单项选择题】182009.10 There are many sales this season, during which stores will lower theirprices.A、normalB、generalC、ordinaryD、usual【正确答案】A【答案解析】此题考查形容词辨析。整句话的意思为:这个季节有很多促销活动， 在此期间商店都会降低商品的原价。A正常的、平常的B普通的、一般的C普 通的 D寻常的、通常的第39题【单项选择题】2009.10 he has many friends,
33、he is often feeling lonely.A、AsB、WhenC、WhileD、Since【正确答案】c【答案解析】此题考查状语从句的附属连词。【译文】尽管（虽然）他有许多朋 友，但他常常感到孤独。第40题【单项选择题】【2009.01 If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get.A、concentratedB、confusedC、confirmedD、convinced【正确答案】B【答案解析】此题考查形近形容词意义区分。句意：如果你试图一次学太多东西，19【正确答案】D【答案解析】第一句总述了科学和技术是
34、有差异的。缺空后是对两者的分述，因 此缺空处也应是对两者的分述，应选D。第3题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Secondary school had its own share of challenges. I was a tall kid and wasnt good at any sport, except looking. I loved basketball and tennis. The first day I held a racket, and I was disgraced by my opponent. He won six straight sets without sweat
35、 and there I was, sweating badly like Id run a marathon, whereas I hadnt even made a single point.Stanley was disgraced by his classmate in a.A、basketball gameB、tennis gameC、marathon gameD、football game【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选Bo词义理解和事实细节题。通过关键词disgrace,考生可 迅速定位至本段，再通过本段的关键词racket,可以判定正确答案是网球比赛。第4题【单项选择题】【阅读
36、选择】During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that youre hot. Thats true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one
37、 has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: Get up, John ! You/ll be late for work again! The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what thes
38、e energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?你就有可能糊涂了。A.浓缩的，专心的；B糊涂的，混淆的；C根深蒂固的；D 确信的。第41题【单项选择题】2009.10 The profit-sharing plan is designed to the staff to work hard.A、calculateB、demonstrateC、speculat
39、eD、motivate【正确答案】D【答案解析】此题考查词语辨析。【译文】利润共享计划目的是激发员工努力工 作。A计算、估算B证实、论证、演示 C思索、推测 D激励、激发第42题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】On the other hand, more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the sam
40、e few individuals, making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?AII of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPT.A、 Communication between employers and employees would be mo
41、re difficult.B、More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.C The job market would be more competitive.D、 It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.【正确答案】B【答案解析】是非判断题。对照原文第九自然段0nthe other hand, more people working for longer would create great
42、er competition for jobs.排除选项 C； It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job.排除选项 D； And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?排20除选项A；答案是B。第43题【单项选择题】【阅读判断】Before you begin your talk, be kind to your voice. Avoid milk or creamy d
43、rinks which coat your throat. Keep your throat wet by drinking a little sweetened warm tea or diluted fruit juice.Q: To solve the problem of dry mouths, one is advised to take cool milk.A、TrueB、FalseC、Not Given【正确答案】B【答案解析】答案选B。文章说到：Avoid milk or creamy drinks which coat your throat.防止喝牛奶和奶油饮料。第44题【
44、单项选择题】2009,01 Modern economics the countrys agricultural policies.A、undergoesB、understandsC、underliesD、undertakes【正确答案】C【答案解析】此题考查词义辨析。句意：现代经济学是国家农业政策的基础。考 查形近动词词义。A经历，经受；B 了解；C成为的基础；D承当，保证。第45题【单项选择题】【完成句子】Most of the classics of science fiction, however; have been written within the last hundred y
45、ears. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages.Book written by J. Verne are.21A、science fictions with a recurrent themeB、concerned with the problems that we have to solve in the futureC、read worldwideD、polit
46、ical implications【正确答案】c【答案解析】这段文字讲到J. Verne是一位有名的作家，所写的书已经译成了许 多种语言，因此C选项是正确答案。第46题【单项选择题】【阅读选择】Hearing loss, which occurs typically prior to teenage years, progresses throughout ones lifetime. Although hearing loss is now the worlds number one health problem, nearly 90 percent of people suffering
47、hearing loss choose to leave the problem untreated. For many millions, treating hearing loss in a conventional way can involve numerous office visits, expensive testing and adjustments to fit your ear. Thanks to Crystal Ear; the sound solution is now convenient. Almost 90 percent of people with mild
48、 hearing loss, and millions more with just a little hearing drop-off （下降）,can be dramatically helped with Crystal Ear. Moreover, its superior design is energy-efficient, so batteries can last months. Crystal Ear is now available to help these people treat their hearing loss with a small hearing amplifier （放大 器）.Acco