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1、中考英语阅读理解章节知识点总结及练习测试题 一、中考英语阅读理解(含答案详细解析).阅读以下材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最正确答案。A young woman traveled and stayed in a hotel. All the rooms in the hotel were singles (单人 间), So she lived in a single room.Just when she was going to bed, there was a knock at the door. She had no friends in the city. So she was
2、quite surprised but still opened the door.The man who was standing at the door looked a little nervous. Oh! Tm sorry. I thought this was my room, the man said and walked away in a hurry.The woman called the police at once. Soon, the man was caught. He was a thief (|、偷)! But how did the woman know th
3、at?All the rooms in the hotel were singles. Who would knock at his own door if he was staying alone? Only a thief would do this. He wanted to see if anyone was inside before he broke into the room.(1) A young woman traveled and stayed.A. in a hotel B. in a police office C. in a park D. in her friend
4、s home(2) The man looked a little when the woman opened the door.A. happyB. nervousC. madD. relaxed(3) The man knocked at the door to.A. find his friend in the city B. stay alone C. see if anyone was inside D. call the police【答案】(1) A(2) B(3) C【解析】【分析】文章大意：一位年轻女士住在宾馆时，有人敲门询问这是不是他的房间， 这位女士断定他是一个小偷，并报
5、了警。(1)细节理解题。根据文中的语句A young woman traveled and stayed in a hotel.理解可知, 这位年轻的女士住在了宾馆，应选A。(2)细节理解题。根据文中的语句 The man who was standing at the door looked a little nervous.理解可知，这个年轻人看到这位女士非常的紧张，应选B。(3)细节理解题。根据文中的语句 Only a thief would do this. He wanted to see if anyone was inside before he broke into the r
6、oom.可知，这个人敲门的主要目的就是看看房间里有没有人, 应选Co【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的 大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。A. use a paper cupB. use both sides of paperC. give old books to a libraryD. pick up waste paper at a school(4) Which of the following is WRONG according to the writer?A. Turn off the lights when y
7、ou leave the room.B. Close the doors and windows in winter.C. Use a paper cup when you brush your teeth.D. Give your old clothes to the poor children.(5) Whats the best title of the passage?A. Protect the EarthB. Save Water and ElectricityC. Make Better Use of Old ThingsD. Save Money【答案】(1) B(2) A(3
8、) B(4) C(5) A【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了如何保护环境的几种方法。(1)主旨大意题， 根据 If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.可知，这篇文章是一份建议书，故答案是B(2)细节理解题，根据 There are some easy things you can do to protect the environment and the earth.可知保护环境有好多方法。故答案是A。(3)细节理解题，根
9、据Use both sides of paper.用纸的两面，可知通过这种方法可以节 约用纸。故答案是B。(4)细节理解题，根据-Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. You can save some water by not letting it run. Also, use a glass cup instead of a paper cup because this saves paper,可知，刷牙的时候不要使用一次性的杯子，应使用玻璃杯子，因此C的表达是错误 的。故答案是C。(5)标题判断题题，文章从很多方面说了怎么做才能保护我们的
10、环境，因此本文的标题应 该是保护环境。故答案是A。【点评】考查阅读理解，此题涉及到了主旨大意题，细节理解题和标题判断题，主旨大意题 需要充分理解短文，提炼出文章的中心思想，从而得到答案。细节理解题比拟简单，一般可 以从文中直接找到答案,而标题判断题那么需要在主旨题的基础上凝练句子，确定文章的标题。 7.阅读理解Pablo Casals was a great cello (大提琴) player and music writer. He was born in Catalonia, Spain. He first heard the cello played when he was ll.Ge
11、nerally, he felling love with the instrument. So, he went to school at the Escuela Municipal de Musica. He focused on his studies and got high grades. When he finished school, he played the cello in the queens palace. He became more and more famous. Soon, he began to play for audiences worldwide.Aft
12、er the events of the Spanish Civil War, Casals left Spain. He refused to go back. He went to live in Puerto Roco. He continued his work as a teacher. Healso recorded many albums (相册).At the age of 80 he married his third and final wife, Marta Montanez.Casals died in 1973.The king of Spain had enjoye
13、d Casals music very much. He ordered a postage stamp to be made. It showed a picture of the cellist.(1) What school did Casals attend?A. Julliard.B. L* Ecole Normale de Musique.C. The Royal Conservatory.D. Escuela Municipal de Musica.(2) How old was Casals when he married Marta Montanez?A. 80.B. 89.
14、C. 45.D. 27.(3) What did the king of Spain order?A. Casals cello. B. A postage stamp. C. A palace. D. A music school.(4) What is the main topic of the passage?A. The life of Pablo Casals.B. Pablo Casals playing style.C. Pablo Casals opinion of Spain.D. The music of Pablo Casals.【答案】(1)D(2) A(3) B(4)
15、 A【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了帕布罗卡萨尔斯，这位伟大的大提琴演奏家和 音乐作家的个人简历。(1)细节理解题。根据文中的语句 So, he went to school at the Escuela Municipal de Musica. 可知，他去了埃斯库拉市音乐学校。应选D。(2)细节理解题。根据文中的语句 At the age of 80 he married his third and final wife, Marta Montanez.可知，在80岁0寸，他与Marta Montanez结婚，应选A。(3)细节理解题。根据文中的语句 He ordered a pos
16、tage stamp to be made. It showed a picture of the cellist,理解可知，国王下令制作了一张邮票，上面是一个大提琴手的照片，故 选Bo(4)主旨大意题。通读全文可知，此文主要介绍了 Pablo Casals的一生，应选A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住 关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。8 .阅读理解Not long ago, my daughters shoes were scratched （戈U损）by someones knife. I took the sho
17、es to the shoemaker to get them repaired. He looked at them and said to me, If you trust me, I will add more scratches on both of the shoes.I was surprised and asked why. He explained, As if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didnt fully understand him, but I decided to leave t
18、he shoes there.Two days later I dropped by from work to fetch the shoes. At the first sight I found there were indeed five or six more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched （打补丁） by red soft leather （皮革）.They looked special. I couldnt help making compliments （赞扬）on the shoemakers
19、 skills.Another time, there was a large opening on the back of my wifes sisters white coat. My wife took it over, checked carefully, and then said/ Let me take it home and mend it.Three days later, seeing the coat again, I was shocked: the big opening was taken place by a beautiful flower and it too
20、k on a wonderful look. I gave my praise, Its just as beautiful as a piece of art!Perfection is impossible to achieve in everything, and so is humans life, which will appear in the form of injury, disability or disease. Since you cant change a wound （伤 口）, you should not expect peoples pity by exposi
21、ngthe wound, which shows nothing meaningful. All you can do and have to do is to make up the wound by patches and try your best to grow the most beautiful flower on the wound, and that is the meaning of life.（1） How did the writer feel about the shoemakers work?A. Satisfied.B. Moved.C. Magic.D. Angr
22、y.（2） The word exposing in the last paragraph is the closest in meaning to A. appearingB. showingC. seeingD. feeling（3） It can be inferred （推断） from this passage that _.A. the shoemaker didnt know how to make shoesthe shoemaker fooled the writer on purposeB. the writers wife was good at mending coat
23、spatches are common in our clothes（4） Which is the best title for this passage?A. A Wonderful Wife.B. The Scratches Shoes.C. A Kind of Perfection.【答案】（1） A（2） BD. The Patches of Life.(3) C（4） D【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要通过讲述鞋匠修补被刮的鞋子和作者的妻子补缀破旧 的衬衫两个例子来说明，补丁是不可防止的，生活中的补丁更是不可防止的，我们要学会给 伤口打补丁，寻找自己独特的美。（1）推理判断题,根
24、据第三段最后一句I couldnt help making compliments （赞扬）on the shoemakers skills.我忍不住赞美鞋匠的技能。可推断出作者对鞋匠的工作感到满意，应选A。（2）词义猜想题，根据 Since you cant change a wound（伤 口）, you should not expect peoples pity by exposingthe wound,这一句可知既然你改变不了伤口，你不应该通过暴露你的伤口来 期望人们的同情，可猜想出exposing暴露和showing展示的意思接近，应选B。（3）推理判断题，根基文章第五和第六段的描
25、述，可推断出作者的妻子很擅长补缀衣服, 应选C。（4）标题判断题，通读全文可知本文主要通过讲述鞋匠修补被刮的鞋子和作者的妻子补缀 破旧的衬衫两个例子来说明，补丁是不可防止的，生活中的补丁更是不可防止的，我们要学 会给伤口打补丁，寻找自己独特的美。D项生活的补丁符合题意，应选D。【点评】考查阅读理解题，本文涉及词义猜想题、推理判断题、标题判断题常考题型，词义 猜想题要抓住上下文，善于利用连接词、代词及词性、同义词、反义词等进行判断选择；推 断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；标题判断题要遵循精、准、全正确地选取能包 含文章的主要内容及作者要表达的观点的选项。9.阅读理解Almost all c
26、ultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some ways. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year from midnight on December 31st to January 1st, P
27、eople may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal （正式的）clothes, and they may drink champagne （香槟）at midnight. During the first minute of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead, But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the
28、sunrise. They welcome the new year with the first light of the sunrise.Many cultures also do special things to get rid of （摆脱）bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes, The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midni
29、ght, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh （重新）.Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.Other New Year
30、 traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Years Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck he will have in the new year. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck on New Years Day. In the United
31、States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year; you have to eat 365 of them!(1) The passage is mainly about.A. the meaning of Happy New Year! B. several different New Year traditionsC. what to eat on New Years DayD. why people dress up nicely on New Years
32、 Day(2) Its clear that.A. some cultures celebrate New Year in the morningthe Western people celebrate New Year only on New Years DayB. people in Ecuador go to parties from December 31st to January 1stno cultures do special things to celebrate New Year(3) To have a happy new year;.A. friends talk to
33、each other in special waysfamilies make big dolls filled with old clothesB. some people get up early to watch the sunriseEuropeans eat 365 grapes on New Years Day(4) When eating black- eyed peas on New Years Day, people think.A. one pea brings one day of luckB. black- eyed peas are the best medicine
34、C. the peas are too black and taste badD. the peas are helpful to count numbers【答案】(1)B(2) A(3) C(4) A【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了西方国家不同的庆祝新年的方式，(1)主旨大意题，通过阅读全文可知，短文主要介绍了不同国家不同的新年庆祝方式，故 答案是B。(2)细节理解题，根据 But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise.可知，一些国家喜欢在早晨庆祝新年
35、，故答案是A。(3)细节理解题,根据 But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise. They welcome the new year with the first light of the sunrise.可知，为了过一个快乐的新年，人们要早起看日出，故答案是C。(4)细节理解题，根据 In the United States,some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luc
36、k for a whole year, you have to eat 365 of them!可知人们认为吃一颗黑豆会带来 一天的好运，故答案是A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。细节理解题要可以直接从文中 寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。10.阅读理解Need to buy something? Why go to a store? Buy it on the Internet! Need it now? Why wait? Ask to receive it the next day! Each day, more and more peop
37、le try on-line shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited. Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment.People are surprised to hear this. They think, I dont need to drive, and the business doesn*t need to build a store,
38、 so there will be less pollution, says Nuria Prost, an environmental scientist. But it is not so simple. In fact, online shopping is wasteful. It also adds to air pollution.In truth, the Internet is not always as good a friend to the environment as it seems. For example, most people thought that the
39、 Internet would help offices use less paper and other materials. But paper use increased by33percent between 1986 and 1997.Online shopping could have similarly harmful results, says Nevil Cohen, a researcher of environmental science. Part of the problem is what people are buying these days. In the p
40、ast, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic and paper. This creates
41、a lot of waste.Another problem caused by online shopping is air pollution. When customers buy products and ask to receive them the next day, online businesses often have to send them by air. Airplanes use much more oil than cars and produce more carbon dioxide (二氧化碳).When people buy a lot of differe
42、nt things from different online businesses, this creates even more travel by airplane.Online product returns are also a problem. For example, an online shoe store may allow customers to return shoes for free if they are wrong size. This doubles the packing materials and number of airline trips requi
43、red to sell one pair of shoes.If people want to protect the environment, they need to think before they shop/ says Prost. People need to ask themselves: Is this exactly what I want? Do I really need it tomorrow, or can I wait? Online stores can also ask customers to pay money for returns. This may m
44、ake people shop more carefully, Online shopping is fast and easy, says Prost, but we cant forget the harmful result it has caused to the environment.(1) The passage begins with several questions to.A. introduce the main topicdescribe online shoppingB. show the writers opinionlist advantages of shopp
45、ing(2) What is the passage mainly about?A. The Internet is not good to the environment.B. Online shopping causes more air pollution.C. Online shopping is bad for the environment.D. Stop online shopping to protect the environment.(3) Which of the following is to show that online shopping is wasteful?
46、A. Large products need more packing materials.B. Paper use increased by 33 percent about ten years.C. Businesses need to build a store to sell the products.D. Online shopping costs less than shopping in a store.(4) What is probably the best title of the passage?A. A Good Deal to MakeA Different Life
47、style to KeepB. A Cleaner Way to ShopA New Business to Start(5) Which of the following shows the structure (结构)of the passage? (P=Paragraph)而ns皿曲,JU 1JA.B.c.【答案】A(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) C【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要讲述了网上购物对环境的危害，倡导人们清洁购物。(1) 意图判断题， 根据 Each day, more and more people try on-line shopping. In fact, on
48、line sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited.可知，以上的几个问题是为 了引出网上购物的话题。故答案是A。(2)细节理解题，根据 Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment.可知，短文主要在论述网上购物对环境的危害，故答案是C。(3)细节理解题,根据 In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic a