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1、2023年高考英语复习讲练测第18讲完形填空记叙文（新高考15空）（讲）【考纲考情】新高考完形填空以记叙文为主，以夹叙夹议、说明文为辅。主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与 自然。考点多以实词为主，其中包括动词，名词以及形容词。考察重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运用次 之。每题给出的单词多为同一类词。文章选材还会继续依据普通高中英语课程标准和中国高考评价体系, 落实立德树人根本任务，进一步深化对学生德智体美劳全面开展的引导。所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加 强调对语境的考查。【考点梳理】解题步骤：第一步通览全文明大意做完形填空题时，应根据首句给出的提示，借助文中的关键词，简要了解文章大意，快速通读全
2、文，抓住 主线，理清脉络，把握全篇，第二步先易后难逐级填.句内层次题-边读边填根据第一遍浏览时的印象，分清设空属于哪种设题类型，在碰到句内层次题时，可以边读边结合已经掌握 的信息做出选择，如有必要，可再回读相关句子.句组层次题-前后看看碰到句组层次翻时，先放下该空，采用跳读的方法，继续阅读与其相邻的几个句子，查找相关信息点，然 后细读，准确理解句意，选择符合语境的答案。1 .语篇层次题-最后决断对于语篇层次题，需要综合全篇信息作答，所以，语篇层次题考查的是综合逻辑分析能力。在做这类题目 时，不要急于作答，一定要等到信息足够明了，放到最后再作判断。第三步复核验证读全篇填空全部完成后，将选项代入原
3、文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连贯，对感到很不通顺的地方, 可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确定答案。解题口诀：句内层次最简单，根据便能填。句组层次也不难，放下该空前后看。语篇层次确实难，解题信息找不全。此类问题不要慌，放眼全篇组思量。句内句组不能解，暂时跳过放一放。等到信息足够全，综合思维把它判。解题技巧一、利用语义复现解题复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词 等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况，理 解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选
4、择正确的答案。1.原词复现【例】（2020全国卷 I） One day theyll 47, wake up and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is a 48.I wonder if 49. parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50. consequences. I have a very strong 51. fear that the lie were telling is doing 52. spiritual damage to
5、our children.48.A.dream B. lie C.fantasy D. fact【答案】B【解析】本起可以利用原词复现解题。由下文的“I have a very strong 5L fear that the lie”并结合语境可 知正确选项。2.同义复现【例（2021-3 月天津卷）For most people,having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike l
6、ast September. But soon enough, his 17, emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18. instead.16.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened【答案】B【解析】此题可以利用同义复现解题。根据下文的“After letting go of his anger and frustratiorT可知此处和 “anger”“frustratiorT
7、是同义词，由此可知正确选项。3.反义复现【例（2021 新高考 I 卷）Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing （糖霜）ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was 50 than it sounds.51. Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first
8、night,it was all a little more high- pressure than Pd 52. expected.50.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper【答案】A【解析】此题可以利用反义复现解题。尽管前文提到了“Our48. roles in the factory were simple”,根据下文中 的“the cakes pile upn,a little more high-pressure”可知，作者想表达实际上作者他们的工作并不像听上去那么 简单，harder与simple构成反义复现。4.代词复现【例】 （2016全国卷
9、 I） Once fire and emergency people arrived,Larry and the other man 56.backed off and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58. free to go. They let him and the otherman go. 57.A.woman B.police C.man D. driver【答案】B【解析】此题可以利用代词复现解题。根据语境和下文中的“They”可知，拉里问是否还需要他，问的对象肯 定是这些急救人员
10、。下文中的代词“they”是复数，四个选项中只有police是集合名词，表示复数，也符合常 识。二、利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题在完形填空中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇， 它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确 定某些题目的正确答案。【例 1 （2021 浙江卷 1 月）My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock. This 46. meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inh
11、abited（栖息）by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, neverseen.Three days later,a beautiful stairway came into being. The 48 of knowing that my 49.work will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.47. A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention【答案】A【解析】此题可以利用
12、作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据划线处后半句“my 49.work will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive,“了解我的工作成果（work）将会在未来数年都在这个山坡上“，作者 对自己的工作有十足的满足感，故用satisfaction“满足，满足感”。三、利用逻辑关系解题在句组层次题中,利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法【例（2021 天津卷 3 月）In addition to 31 .practical skills, Pruitts lessons teach teamwork, encourage selfwo
13、rth, and promote feelings of community. 32 ,the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.32.A.Otherwise B.HoweverC.Somehow D.Meanwhile【答案】D【解析】此题考查连接词，可以利用逻辑关系解题。根据语境可知，此处表示与此同时，孩子们也获得了 成就感otherwise否贝U,不然”;however但是;somehow”以某种方式”;meanwhile”与此同时”。四、利用语境暗示分析法解题在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据信息
14、,推导出正确答 案。【例】（2021 全国卷甲）Burchill was 41 .staying at the hotel on business and planning to 42. visit some friends in the area. They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni（辣香肠）from back east. So he 44 a suitcase full of pepperoni.44.A.filled B.lockedC.abandoned D. lost【答案】A【解析】此题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文Th
15、ey had asked him to 43. bring some pepperoni（辣香 肠）from back east”,可推知Burchill应该是装了一手提箱的辣香肠带给朋友，此题选A符合上下文语境。【题型剖析】A（2022全国高考真题）Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them,this 25-year-old is doing it . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the
16、world,stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive 2, but the couplehas an unusual way to make their travel 3.Theyre part of a new form of the 4 economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in 5 homes, they feed pets and water plan
17、ts in the homeowners 6.Its not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully 7 their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to 8. But house sitting also offers a level of 9 they cant find in a hotel.“Its like 10 at a friend house J Jessica says.The couple has a high
18、 11 rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond thehomeowners 12. For Jessica, that means 13 plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house 14 and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. You want to make thehomeowner feel that they made the right 15/
19、she says.1. A. indoors2. A. game3. A. safe4. A. local5. A. strangers96. A. favor7. A. plan8. A. buy9. A. support10. A. cooking11. A. success12. A. budget13. A. admiring14. A. clean15. A. guessB , onlineB. serviceB. busyB , private B. parents B. defense B explain B. transport B comfort B staying B su
20、rvival B. abilities B. donating B. open B , decisionC. single-handedC. vacationC. helpfulC. sharingC. co-workers9C. honorC. compareC. chooseC , controlC. waitingC growthC. expectationsC. sendingC. simpleC. responseBD. full-timeD. procedureD. affordableD. agriculturalD. neighbors9D. absenceD. complet
21、eD. pleaseD. attentionD. studyingD. unemploymentD. understandingD. borrowingD. emptyD. impression（2021 全国高考真题）Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times,andhas even learned to 16 different dialects （方言），leading to him being described as an Oscar-winning actor11.The
22、60-year-old is not an actor, but a 17 However,he is more devoted to his 18 thanany real actor.In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To look into the19, Wang disguised （伪装）himself and 20 the beggars. Dirty shorts and old shoes gave himthe 21 of a real
23、 beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the 22 of the beggars.“I often 23 them to drink alcohol. Once they were 24 .they began to talk a lot,nWang said.Td then 25myself to use the toilet, 26 what the beggars said, and send the 27 to myteammates.Wang, who is often in 28 situations, is also a
24、judo （柔道） master. As long as I get closeenough, no criminal can 29 from me, he said.Wangs 30 won him several honors, including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.Paris.16. A. teachB compareC. assessD. speak17. A. lawyerB. doctorC. policemanD. businessman18. A. roleB studyC. fam
25、ilyD. audience19. A. minorB caseC. futureD. question20. A. interviewedB. joinedC. arrestedD. assisted21. A. challengeB experienceC. appearanceD. freedom22. A. voteB sympathyC. permissionD. trust23. A. invitedB forcedC. helpedD. expected24. A. drunkB , desertedC. boredD. lost25. A. guideB , persuadeC. excuseD. allow26. A. refer toB , note downC. ask aboutD. miss out27. A. planB , agreementC. directionD. information28. A. awkwardB , dangerousC. unfortunateD. strange29. A. separateB. recoverC. escapeD. hear30. A. courage B.honesty C. kindnessD. optimism