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1、高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册Unit3词汇表、词汇默写、课文原文及翻译gateway / 1 gei twei / n.通向的门户1. oasiso 1 ei si s/ n.（沙漠中的）绿洲glorious /1 gio : ria s/ adj.辉煌的2. boast /be u st/ v.（地方，机构等）自豪地拥有（好的事物）grotto /1 grn ta o / n.小洞穴3. testimony /1 test i ma ni/ n.证据; 证明statue / 1 stae u： / n.雕塑；雕像4. mural /1 mjo a ra 1/ n.壁画religious /
2、ri 1 11 ds a s/ adj.宗教的5. Apsaras. /ae p! so： re s/ n. 飞天immortal /i 1 mo * tl/ n.神6. heavenly / 1 hevnli/ adj.天国的peak /pi： k/ n.高峰，顶点7. Taoist priest 道士scroll /skre o 1/ n.纸卷, 卷轴8. ceramics /s i 1 rae mi ks/ n.陶瓷制品crossroads /1 krn sra o dz/ n.活动中心，汇集地9. expo /f ekspa。/ n.展览会，博览会strengthen / 1 stre
3、q 9 n/ v.力口强10. coverage /1 kA va r i ds / n. 覆盖范围scholar / 1 skn la （r） / n.学者11. department, /di 1 pa： tma nt/ n.（大学的）系，部institute /1 i nsti tju： t/ n.学院；研究院12. I Ching易经The Analects论语13. Sinologist /sai 1 nn la ds i st/ n.汉学家temple / 1 tempi/ n.庙宇，寺院14. tune /tju： n/ n.曲调，旋律shepherd /1 J epa d/ n
4、.牧羊人15. historian /hi 1 sto : rie n/ n.历史学家prior / 1 prai a （r） / adj .先前的；较早的16. prior to在之前，先于genius /1 ds i： nia s/ n.天才，天赋17. chamber / 1 tJ e i mbo （r） / n.房间romance /ro o 1 mae ns/ n.传 奇故事18. kingdom / ki d da m/n.王国stratagem /1 strae ta ds a m/ n.计谋, 策略19. enormous /1 1 no * ma s/ adj.巨大的，庞大的
5、 词汇默写n.通向的门户1. n.（沙漠中的）绿洲3.adj.辉煌的4.v.（地方，机构等）E5.n.小洞穴6.n.证据；证明7.n.雕塑；雕像8.n.壁画9.adj.宗教的10.n.飞天11.D.神12.adj,天国的13.n.高峰，顶点14.道士15.n.纸卷，卷轴16.n.陶瓷制品17.n.活动中心，汇集地18.n.展览会，博览会19.V.力口强20.n.覆盖范围21.n,学者22.n.（大学的）系，部23.n.学院；研究院24.25.26.n.汉学家27.n.庙宇，寺院28.n.曲调，旋律29.n,牧羊人30.n.历史学家31.adj.先前的；较早的32.在之前，先于33.n.天才，天
6、赋34.n.房间35.n.传奇故事36.n.王国37.n.计谋，策略38.adj.巨大的，庞大的（好的事物）(Unit 3 Understanding ideas)WELCOME TO DUNHUANG!欢迎来到敦煌！Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to andfrom Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in themiddle of the desert. You can only imagine
7、 how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them.欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇 的地方，也是沙海中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他 们的感受将会是怎样的。Dunhuang1s long and glorious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange. Today, Dunhuang is a world-c
8、lass tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status. Now, we are going to enter some of the citys famous caves, of which there are more than 700. Known as the Mogao Grottoes, these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years. If you look up, you c
9、an see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. Look at these statues! You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India and Iran. Now look around the walls of the cave. Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view. Look at
10、them! The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世界 级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在 我们将要参观其中几个著名的洞窟。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一多年前在岩 石上雕刻而成的。你抬起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如 何将东西方连接在一起的。看看这些塑像！你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗 的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁，请靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。 看看这些壁
11、画！它们的面积有45, 000平方米，非常惊人。The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras, or nFlying Immortals,f. Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many
12、caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. And here is another one. Move over here where you can see it in more detail. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments
13、, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty these images are full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time. 敦煌壁画的主题多样，从宗教故事到日常生活，场景各不相同。但是，有一种壁画是 敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都画着天上的乐师、 歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们
14、帔巾飘飘， 好像要飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。你可以看到 飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、抛花。飞天壁画在唐朝到达了顶峰；这些图案栩栩 如生，反映了当时人们的自信、乐观。Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century. In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden
15、thousands of manuscripts, paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries. Well have a chance to see some of them shortly-the Library Cave is only a stone1s throw from here. Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the
16、Silk Road trade. Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia and Europe. The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exp
17、orted from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine. perfumes and fruit, to name just a few. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city. However, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up al 1 those years ago remains a mystery1900年发生了件非同寻常的事，一位道士
18、的发现，成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一， 在一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴 以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐 藏的宝藏可追溯到公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸 易中心时的画面。多亏这个古老的图书馆，我们才得以了解当时的情况：货物从遥远 的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲各地。这些卷轴内容非常详细， 描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和水果。这些卷轴还展示了许 多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经洞为什么在多年以前被密 封起来？这至今仍是个谜。
19、In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁 华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。This century is bringing the Si Ik Road to life once more through the B
20、elt and Road Initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from over 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 2017. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation be
21、tween the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.21世纪，“一带一路”建议为丝绸之路带来新生。2017年，51个国家的数百名代 表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。博览会 的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会 址Now let1 s move on to the next cave. .现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟(Unit 3| Developing ideas)READING CHINA解读中国The world of Chines
22、e literature is one that is familiar to us al1 But have you ever stopped to wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received? Today, four Sinologists and translators share their experience of Chinese literature with us. They are：我们都对中国文学再熟悉不过了。可你有没有想过，在中国以外的地方，人们都读过 哪些中国文学作品？这些作
23、品受到怎样的评价？今天，四位汉学家、译者将给我们分 享他们有关中国文学的经历。他们是：Petko, aged 43 from Bulgaria 佩特科， 43岁，来自保加利亚Annelous, aged 34 from the Netherlands 安妮鲁斯， 34 岁，来自荷兰 Joachim, aged 25 from France 假设阿基姆， 25 岁，来自法国 Mai, aged 28 from Egypt 马伊， 28 岁，来自埃及 01： How did you get interested in Chinese literature?问题1:你是怎么对中国文学产生兴趣的？Pe
24、tko： It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy The Shaolin Temple. That movie gave me so many reasons to fal 1 in love with China. I was amazed by Chinese kung fu, of course -everyone loves kung fu, dont they? I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful, and I found that I
25、liked Chinese music, too-I just loved the movie1s theme tune, Song of the Shepherd. 佩特科：一切都要从我小时候看的一部叫少林寺的电影说起。那部电影给了我很 多让我爱上中国的理由。我当然为中国功夫所叹服一人人都喜欢功夫，不是吗？我还 觉得中文听起来那么美，我发现我也喜欢中国的音乐一一我特别喜欢电影的主题曲 牧羊曲。Annelous： I became interested in languages at a young age. When I started high school, I began readin
26、g books about Chinese history and culture, and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies as my academic major at university. 安妮鲁斯：我从小就对语言感兴趣。上高中的时候，我开始读中国历史和文化方面的 书，这启发我在大学选择了汉学专 业。Joachim： When I was 15 years old, my mother bought me a copy of the classic Shi Ji, or Records of the Grand Historian.
27、 Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homer1s epic poems. Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter with Chinese classical literature. After reading it, I realised the true genius of Chinas Grand Historian, Sima Qian. His writing had a profound effect
28、 on me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature.假设阿基姆：我15岁的时候，妈妈给我买了 一本经典名著史记。在此之前，我唯 一接触过的历史巨作是荷马史诗。史记是我接触的第一部中国的经典文学作 品。通过阅读史记，我领略了中国“太史公”司马迁的才华。他的文章对我影响 很大，激发了我对中国文学的热情。Mai ： I gradually fell in love with Chinese literature when I started working as a translator. Most of th
29、e translated works of literature in Egypt are from the English-speaking world, so reading Chinese literature was al stimulating and inspiring experience.马伊：我开始从事翻译工作后，渐渐对中国文学产生了兴趣。埃及大多数文学译作来 自英语国家，所以读中国文学作品使人兴奋，也鼓舞人心。02： How do you select works to translate? 问题2：你是如何选择作品来翻译的？Petko： I particularly li
30、ke classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties. I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian. Now that this dream has come true, my next goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingd
31、oms.佩特科：我特别喜欢中国古典文学，尤其是明清时期的作品。我第一次读到红楼梦 时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。现在这个梦想已经实现了，我的下一 个目标就是翻译三国演义。Annelous： In the Netherlands, the decision as to which works of Chinese literature get translated is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinologists. In addition, publishing houses tend to look to
32、other countries to see which Chinese works have sold well there. 11 ve so far translated the writings of Han Han. and I am now working on those of Xu Zechen.安妮鲁斯：在荷兰，声望高的汉学家很大程度上影响翻译作品的选择。此外，出版社 往往会参考其他国家哪些中国作品畅销。到目前为止，我已经翻译了韩寒的作品，现 在正在翻译徐那么臣的作品。Joachim： I just go with what I like and what I am inte
33、rested in. Ive translated several short stories by Mo Yan. Right now, Im doing research into popular literature in Shanghai at the start of the 20th century.假设阿基姆：我只是随着喜好和兴趣走。我翻译了莫言的几篇短篇小说。现在，我正在 研究20世纪初上海的流行文学。Mai： I dont care if a writer is popular or not. What interests me most is the work itself
34、. Ive translated some works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin. I also keep a close eye on whats being seif-published online by new, young authors-they have some good ideas 马伊；我不在乎一个作家是否受欢迎。我最感兴趣的是作品本身。我翻译过席慕蓉和 毕淑敏等作家的作品。我还密切关注新的年轻作者自己在网上发表的作品一一他们有 一些不错的想法。03： Which works by Chinese writers
35、are popular in your country? 问题3：中国哪些作家的作品在贵国较受欢迎？Petko： Thirty-six Stratagems has sold more than 1,000 copies in Bulgaria. When you consider that here the best a writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, Thirtv-six Stratagems is a best-seller in Bulgaria!佩特科：兰十六计在保加
36、利亚卖出了一千多本。在保加利亚，作者通常最期待的 是自己的作品卖几百本，三十六计在保加利亚是畅销书！Annelous： Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are well-received. The people that buy and read these books do so because they want to learn more about Chinese culture and everyday life in China. On the w
37、hole, I do have to admit that here, people1 s knowledge of Chinese literature is rather 1imited.安妮鲁斯：每年都有更多中国作家的作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。购买和阅读这 些书籍的人想要更多地了解中国文化和日常生活。总的来说，我不得不成认，在荷兰， 人们对中国文学的了解相当有限。Joachim： The novels of Mo Yan and Yu Hua sell quite well in France. Mo Yan was already hugely popular, but becam
38、e even more so after receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature has a lot of significance to the French, and Chinese literary works tend to be highly thought of.假设阿基姆：莫言和余华的小说在法国卖得很好。莫言原本已经非常受欢迎，在获得诺 贝尔文学奖后更受欢迎了。文学对法国人来说意义重大，中国的文学作品往往获得很 高评价。Mai ： Egyptians like literature that reflects hum
39、an nature and experience. A couple of good examples of this are Fond Memories of Autumn by Shi Tiesheng and Street Scenen by Zhou Guoping. I think Egypt and China are closely connected and both have a lot in common. Because of this, Chinese literary works really strike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.马伊：埃及人喜欢反映人性和人生经历的文学。其中，史铁生的秋天的怀念和周 国平的街头即景就是很好的例子。我认为埃及和中国联系紧密，有许多共同之处。 正因为如此，中国文学作品才真正引起了埃及读者的共鸣。